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1.
First-division restitution in hybrids of Langdon durum disomic substitution lines with rye and Aegilops squarrosa 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Durum wheat ‘Langdon’(LDN) caused a high frequency of first‐division restitution (FDR) and partial fertility in hybrids with rye, Secale cereale L., and Aegilops squarrosa L. In order to determine the genetic control of FDR, a complete set of 14 Langdon durum D‐genome disomic substitution lines (LDNDS) was crossed with ‘Gazelle’ rye and one accession (RL5286) of A. squarrosa. The microsporogenesis and fertility of the hybrids were studied. The results showed that most of the hybrids expressed a high frequency of FDR and partial fertility. However, the hybrids of 2D(2A), 4D(4A), 5D(5B) and 6D(6B) crossed with both rye and A. squarrosa, as well as 1D(1A) with A. squarrosa, had either little or no FDR and were completely sterile. These hybrids had different types of first meiotic divisions compared with LDN control hybrids. The hybrids with 2D(2A), 4D(4A) and 6D(6B) had a high frequency of random segregation of chromosomes at the first division. The hybrids with 5D(5B), as expected, showed high homoeologous pairing. The hybrid of 1D(1A) with A. squarrosa had a high frequency of equational division at first division. These results suggest that the reduced or absent FDR in such hybrids might be related to the substitution of chromosomes with an FDR gene and poor compensation ability of the D‐genome chromosomes for their homoeologous A‐ or B‐ genome chromosomes. Cytological analysis suggested that chromosome 4A in LDN most likely carries a gene for high frequency of FDR in hybrids. In addition, some monads were observed at the end of meiosis in the hybrids of 3D(3A) and 6D(6A) crossed with rye. They were formed from FDR cells that failed to divide at second division, suggesting that the LDN 3A and 6A chromosomes might carry genes for normal second division of FDR cells in the rye crosses. 相似文献
2.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders often utilize alien sources to supply new genetic variation to their breeding programs. However, the alien gene complexes have not always behaved as desired when placed into a wheat background. The introgressed genes of interest may be linked to undesirable genes, expressed at low levels or not at all. The short arm of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome one (1RS) contains many valuable genes for wheat improvement. In order to study rye gene response to varying copy number, wheat lines were constructed which contained zero, two or four doses of 1RS. The meiotic behavior of rye chromosome 1R, and wheat/rye translocation chromosomes, 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS was studied in the F1 hybrids between wheat lines carrying 1R or the translocation chromosomes. The IRS arm was transmitted at a very high frequency; 98 % of the F2 plants had at least one of the chromosomes with a IRS arm. In addition, 44 % of the F2 plants received at least one copy of the chromosomes from each parent. Analysis of the meiotic behavior of the IRS arm suggested that few euploid wheat gametes were formed. Therefore, most of the pollen must have contained IRS. It is unknown whether the lack of euploid wheat pollen could account for the high transmission frequency of the rye chromosomes. There may have been differential survival of the embryos receiving the rye chromosome as well. 相似文献
3.
The formation of unreduced gametes in some hybrids between disomic D‐genome substitutions (DS) of durum wheat cv.‘Langdon’ and rye provides a convenient approach for the rapid introduction of D‐genome chromosomes into hexaploid triticale. Meiotic pairing at metaphase I and seed fertility in spontaneous and colchicine‐induced amphidiploids derived from F1 hybrids between a set of ‘Langdon’ DS and ‘Gazelle’ rye were analysed. The purpose was to determine the effects of the substitution of D‐genome chromosomes for their A‐ and B‐genome homoeologues on hexaploid triticale and to select stable disomic D‐genome substitutions of hexaploid triticale. The results showed that the disomic substitutions with D‐genome slightly increased the frequency of univalents (1.0‐3.13) compared with the ‘Langdon’ control primary hexaploid triticale (0.76). Substitutions 2D(2A) and 3D(3B) were partly desynaptic. The substitutions 1D(1A), 1D(1B) and 7D(7B) exhibited high seed fertility but the others had decreased fertility. Except for 2D(2A), 5D(5A), 3D(3B) and 5D(5B), 10 of the 14 possible hexaploid triticale D‐genome disomic substitutions have been obtained. The results suggest that the poor compensation ability of some D‐genome chromosomes for their homoeologous A‐ and B‐genome chromosomes is a major factor affecting meiotic stability and fertility in the hexaploid triticale D‐genome substitutions. 相似文献
4.
The occurrence of 2n-pollen and the origin of sexual polyploids in dihaploid roses (Rosa hybrida L.)
Haploidisation by in situ parthenogenesis of 4x R. hybrida resulted in the production of some dihaploid roses (2n=2x=14) able to produce viable pollen. A cytological study of microsporogenesis
revealed that, although the first meiotic reductional division occurred normally, the second (equational) division was characterised
by frequent abnormalities which concerned spindle formation and led to unreduced gametes of First Division Restitution (FDR)
type. Analysis of the hybrid progeny of a parthenogenetically derived male fertile dihaploid plant revealed a selective advantage
of the 2n-pollen, especially in the case of an hybridization with a tetraploid female parent. Moreover, crosses carried out
among dihaploid partners always resulted in hybrids with ploidy levels≥ 3x.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Bronco 90 is an advanced line of hexaploid triticale and was reported to be a 2D(2R) chromosome substitution type. In F1 hybrids of this triticale with bread wheat, however, a meiotic configuration of 16 bivalents and 10 univalents was frequently
observed indicating the presence of an additional D(R) chromosome substitution or D/R translocation. To determine the chromosome
constitution of Bronco 90, C-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization techniques were applied to somatic and meiotic
metaphase chromosomes. These analyses revealed that in Bronco 90, the terminal 7% of the long arm of rye chromosome 5R is
derived from the long arm of chromosome 4D. This translocated chromosome (5RS.5RL-4DL) and telosome 4DL formed metaphase I
bonds at a frequency of 71%, demonstrating the significance of small terminal chromosome segments for pairing. This novel
rye-wheat translocation is probably generated by homoeologous crossing-over because the distal region of 5RL is known to be
homoeologous to that of 4DL. Possible association of this translocation with the absence of hairy peduncle character in Bronco
90 is discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Xing-Feng Li Zhen-Qiao Song Shu-Bing Liu Ju-Rong Gao Hong-Gang Wang 《Euphytica》2006,150(1-2):117-122
Summary In this study a new trigeneric hybrid involving species from the Triticum, Secale and Leymus was produced by crossing octoploid triticale (Jinsong49) with octoploid tritileymus (950059). The chromosome constitution of the parental amphiploid, trigeneric hybrid and its progenies were studied. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis showed that Jinsong49 and 950059 had 44 wheat chromosomes, and 12 rye chromosomes, 12 L. mollis chromosomes respectively. The mean meiotic configuration of trigeneric hybrid F1 was 13.17 I + 20.82 II + 0.37 III + 0.02 IV. GISH results indicated the trigeneric hybrid F1 had 6 rye chromosomes and 6 Leymus chromosomes. In the selfed derivatives of the trigeneric hybrids, while the number of selfed generation increased, the mean number of chromosomes tends to decrease gradually and slowly. GISH results revealed that most plant tested in the progeny population had 8–12 rye chromosomes, and no Leymus chromosomes were detected. The results indicated that rye chromosomes can be preferentially transmitted in the progenies of trigeneric hybrid than Leymus chromosomes. 相似文献
7.
Summary Meiosis in triploid Solanum tuberosum was studied in plants that originated from crosses between tetraploids and diploids, the latter being mainly dihaploids.Association of chromosomes in first metaphase was regular, being as expected for autotriploid material. In first anaphase lagging chromosomes occurred that mostly divided precociously into their chromatids, the amount of lagging chromosomes being more or less proportional to the average number of univalents at M I. The A I distribution of chromosomes over the poles fitted a normal distribution.In the second meiotic division also lagging chromosomes were observed. During this division disturbances occurred resulting in cells with more or less the somatic chromosome number. The origin of this aberration is discussed, together with the relation between meiotic behaviour and pollen stainability. 相似文献
8.
Hybridization of Thinopyrum distichum and Secale cereale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An attempt was made to determine whether the salt tolerance genes of Thinopyrum distichum would be expressed in the presence of the rye genomes and if it would be possible to improve and utilize its hybrid with rye as a salt-tolerant fodder crop. Th. distichum florets were pollinated with diploid and tetraploid rye but hybrids were obtained only with tetraploid rye. The F1 had 28 chromosomes and expressed high levels of salt tolerance. Fertility could not be induced through colchicines treatment but the plants produced some apomictic seeds during the summer months. The F2 had 20-22 chromosomes and retained two complete or near-complete rye genomes. The F2 plants responded better to colchicine treatment, however, the doubled hybrids remained male sterile. In summer, one F2 plant produced many apomictic seeds with chromosome numbers ranging from 14 to 16 (primarily rye chromosomes). The mechanism that caused the preferential loss of Thinopyrum chromosomes in each apomictic cycle remains unknown. The F3 phenotypically resembled rye, had primarily reductional male meioses and produced seemingly functional pollen, but were self-sterile. 相似文献
9.
Characterization of wheat-triticale doubled haploid lines by cytological and biochemical markers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Five wheat-triticale doubled haploid (DH) lines— M08, V209, DH220-14-2, DH696-3-4 and M16 —derived from anther culture of F1s resulting from crosses involving hexaploid or octoploid triticale × hexaploid wheat, were characterized by cytological and biochemical markers. Cytological evidence from genomic in situ hybridization and C-banding indicated that DH lines M08 and V209 (2n= 42) each contained a pair of 1BL/1RS translocation chromosomes. DH220-14-2 (2n= 42) was also a translocated line with two pairs of chromosomes containing small fragments of rye. One of the translocation fragments carried the Sec-1R gene originating from the satellite region of 1RS; the origin of the other one remains unknown. DH696-3-4 (2n= 42) contained a 3D(3R) substitution. In M16 (2n= 44), three pairs of rye chromosomes, 3R, 4R and 6R, were present, 4R as an addition and 3D(3R) and 6D(6R) as substitutions. Biochemical, isozyme and storage protein markers confirmed the cytological conclusions. The advantages of transferring alien chromosomes or chromosome fragments into wheat and creating alien aneuploid lines by anther culture of hybrid F1s are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Three hybrid plants with different combinations of D and R genomes were produced from crosses between Aegilops squarrosa (2×: and 4×) and Secale cereale (2× and 4×) using embryo culture. Production frequencies of mature hybrids, having the genomes DR, DDR and DDRR, were 2.0%, 5.2% and 2.2 %, respectively, of florets pollinated. Amphidiploids were obtained directly from the cross between tetraploid parents. The majority of their morphological features were intermediate between those of the parents but, as with rye, the rachis was tough. Diploid and triploid hybrids were completely seed-sterile, whereas the amphidiploid had an average self-fertility of 4.5 % with a range of 0 to 45 %. The somatic chromosome numbers of diploids, triploids and amphidiploids were 2n = 14, 21 and 28, respectively. At meiotic metaphase I, the mean chromosome associations were 0.01 III + 0.26 II + 13.4 I in diploids, 6.96 II + 7.1 I in triploids, and 10.5 II + 7.9 I in amphidiploids. In diploids, pairing between D and R chromosomes was observed in the form of end-to-end types without chiasmata. Homologous pairing between D chromosomes was predominant in plants having two sets of D genomes. Amphidiploids showed a diploid-like chromosome behaviour. Homoeologous pairing was not observed in either triploids or amphidiploids. 相似文献
11.
A rye-cytoplasmic tetraploid triticale was found in Fs progenies of crosses between tetraploid rye‘No 1323’and hexaploid triticale‘KT 77′. In the tetraploid triticale, two complete rye genomes and two mixed wheat genomes, consisting of the chromosomes 1A. 2A, 4A, 7A, 3B, 5B, and 6B are present. The rye cytoplasm did not affect stability of rye chromosome pairing during metaphase 1, since rye chromosomes participated in pairing irregularities just as did wheat chramosomes, even on a larger scale. The fertility of F0, plants ranged from 0 to 75.6 %, always associated with high grain shrivelling. The analyzed pairing behaviour of induced triploid hybrids from crosses between the tetraploid triticale and diploid rye indicates the presence of at least one wheat-rye translocation in one of the investigated triploid plants. 相似文献
12.
N. Inomata 《Euphytica》2005,145(1-2):87-93
Brassica napus (2n = 38) and Diplotaxis harra (2n = 26) were used to investigate gene transfer from D. harra to B. napus. Intergeneric F1 hybrids (dihaploid 2n = 32 chromosomes) were obtained through ovary culture. The chromosome associations in the first meiotic division was (0–2)III + (2–10)II + (12–28)I. Many seeds were harvested in the F1 hybrid after backcrossing with B. napus, and from open pollination of the F1 hybrid. Somatic chromosome numbers of BC1 and hybrid plants varied from 2n = 26 to 52. In the first meiotic division, high frequencies of bivalent association and relatively low pollen fertility were
observed. BC2 plants generated from the BC1 plants with 2n = 38 chromosomes, 69.6% showed 2n = 38 chromosomes. Many aneuploids with addition and deletion of chromosomes were also obtained. A bridge plant between B. napus and D. harra with 2n = 32 chromosomes should be valuable material for the breeding of brassica crops. 相似文献
13.
Two series of progenies were developed from hybrids between octoploid (AABBDDRR) and tetraploid triticale ((AB)(AB)RR). One arose from the successive selfing of the F1s, while the second was established after one backcross of the F1 hybrids with the respective 8 × triticale parent. Altogether, 250 F3 and BC1F2 lines were developed, of which 112 were karyotyped in the F4/F5 or in BC1F3/BC1F4 generations using C-banding and SDS-PAGE. The 112 lines represented 61 different karyotypes, of which 39 appeared to be stabilized, having pairs of homologous wheat chromosomes only, while 22 karyotypes exhibited 1—3 heterologous pairs. The frequency of karyotypically stabilized lines originating from the series with one backcrossing was much higher (79.5 %) than those derived from the successive selfing of the F1 hybrids (51.7%). Six lines had the pure hexaploid triticale chromosome constitution. The frequency of disomic substitutions of D genome chromosomes for their homoeologous A and/or B genome chromosomes ranged from one to six per line with an average of 1.7. Except for 3B and 6B all possible D(A/B) substitutions were obtained. Chromosomes ID and 3D substituted for their homoeologues with the highest frequency, while the substitution of chromosome 4D for 4A or for 4B was the least frequent. D(R) substitutions were found in eight lines only. A complete set of 6x triticale lines was established in which chromosome ID was present in all possible combinations, i.e. single 1D(1A/1B/1R) disomic substitutions as well as disomic ID addition. 相似文献
14.
A powdery mildew resistant double disomic wheat-rye substitution line carrying rye chromosomes 1R and 2R was crossed with
normal bread wheats. The F2 generation was analysed cytologically by C-banding. Wheat-rye chromosome translocations involving both rye chromosomes 1R
and 2R were frequent in F2. Lines with translocations of 1R and 2R were harvested separately. After four generations of selfing and selection for mildew
resistance and fertility, fully fertile resistant lines were selected and analysed cytologically. Lines with 1BL/1RS and 2BS/2RL
translocations were identified. The resistance on chromosome 1RS could not be shown to be different from control varieties
carrying the same rye segment, while the resistance on 2RL is much broader than the earlier known 2RL derived resistance in
the line Transec.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
X. Q. Zhang X. P. Wang K. Ross H. Hu J. P. Gustafson C. O. Qualset 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(1):39-42
Powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis) and yellow rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis) are the two most serious wheat diseases found in China. Rye chromosomes, carrying genes for resistance to these diseases, were introduced into common wheat in two generations using chromosome engineering and anther culture. The F1 hybrids from a cross involving a hexaploid triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) בChinese Spring’ nulli‐tetrasomic N6DT6A wheat aneuploid line were anther cultured and doubled‐haploid plants were regenerated. Using genomic in situ hybridization, C‐banding and biochemical marker analyses, one of the anther‐cultured lines (ZH‐1)studied in detail, proved to be a doubled‐haploid with one rye chromosome pair added (1R) and a homozygous 6R/6D substitution (2n= 44). The line was tested for expression of disease resistance and found to be highly resistant to powdery mildew and moderately resistant to yellow rust. 相似文献
16.
Aluminum tolerance of two sets of hexaploidtriticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack)lines with disomic substitutions of theD-genome chromosomes from Triticumaestivum L. was analyzed by themodified-pulse method. Of the 20substitution lines in winter triticalePresto, and 18 lines of spring triticaleRhino, six and nine lines, respectively,showed improved tolerance relative to thatobserved in the control lines. The D-genomechromosomes in substitutions 1D(1B),3D(3A), 3D(3B), 4D(4A), 4D(4B) and 6D(6B)significantly (p<0.01) improved Altolerance in both sets of lines. Highpercentages of tolerant plants were alsoobserved in 2D(2B) and 5D(5A) substitutionsin Presto and in 2D(2A), 2D(2B), 5D(5B),6D(6A) and 7D(7A) substitution lines ofRhino. In no instance, the removal ofindividual rye chromosomes, bysubstitutions, improved Al tolerance of therecipient line. Moreover, the presence of acomplete rye genome, and especially ofchromosome 3R, was necessary for triticale'stolerance to aluminum. The results alsoindicated some effects of allelic variationpresent on both rye and wheat chromosomes,and a possibility of interactions ofvarious factors. 相似文献
17.
Juan-Ramón Lacadena 《Euphytica》1967,16(2):221-230
An analysis is made of meiotic pairing of hybrids whether or not deficient in the chromosome V (5B) from crosses between Mono V (5B) T. aestivum var. Chinese Spring and Secale cereale and Aegilops columnaris. Transmission rates of deficiency are not equal for both combinations. Isochromosomes are found in the hybrid plants.5B deficiency allows the pairing and recombination between the chromosomes of wheat and those of the related species. Such deficiency may be a useful wheat breeding tool to introduce alien variation into such cultivated species.Effectiveness of 5B deficiency on meiotic pairing of the hybrids, measured as the increase of the proportion of complement paired, is 36–37% and 49–50% in the hybrids involving rye and Ae. columnaris respectively.
Minimum percentages of the introduction of alien variation into wheat are established for the material investigated: 2% for rye and 28% for Ae. columnaris.Methods of utilisation of the 5B deficiency in a programme of wheat breeding are discussed and outlined. 相似文献
18.
Interspecific hybridization is an important approach to broaden the genetic base and create novel plant forms in breeding
programs. However, interspecific hybridization in Ipomoea is very difficult due to the cross incompatibility. Here we report two novel interspecific F1 hybrids between I. batatas (L.) Lam. (2n = 6x = 90) and two wild species, I. grandifolia (2n = 2x = 30) and I. purpurea (2n = 2x = 30). Hybridization was stimulated by applying plant growth hormones. Morphological, molecular and cytological tests were
conducted to confirm their hybridity. We found that the two hybrids were quite distinctive in leaf color and morphology, and
yielded intermediate sizes of storage roots compared to their respective parents. Inter-simple sequence repeat analysis showed
that the unique DNA bands from the wild parents could be detected in these two hybrids. The cluster analysis also showed that
the two F1 hybrids were closer to I. batatas in phylogeny relationship. The number of chromosomes of the two hybrids was both 60, indicating that the hybrids were tetraploid.
The meiotic configuration analysis of the H1 of I. batatas × I. grandifolia revealed the occurrence of 17.58I + 14.28II + 1.36III + 2.48IV at metaphase I in average chromosome association per pollen
mother cells (PMCs), 4.26I + 18.32II + 2.56III + 3.12IV was average meiotic configuration in the H2 of I. batatas × I. purpurea. Both hybrids appeared to be polyads and multi-microcytes at tetrad phase and differed in their pollen fertility. 相似文献
19.
N. Inomata 《Euphytica》2003,133(1):57-64
The cytogenetic study was investigated in the intergeneric F1 hybrid, F2and backcross progenies (BC1). The plants used were Brassica juncea(2n=36) and Diplotaxis virgata(2n=18). Three intergeneric F1 hybrids between two species were produced through ovary culture. They showed 36 chromosomes. It might consist one genome
of B. juncea and two genomes of D. virgata. The morphology of the leaves resembled that of B. juncea. The color of the petals was yellow that was like in D. virgata. The size of the petal was similar to that of B. juncea. The mean pollen fertility was15.3% and the chromosome associations in the first meiotic division were(0–1)IV+(0–2)III+(8–12)II+(12–20)I. Many F2 and BC1seeds were harvested after open pollination and backcross of the F1 hybrids withB. juncea, respectively. The F2seedlings showed different chromosome constitutions and the range was from 28 to54 chromosomes. Most seedlings had 38chromosomes
followed by 36, 40 and 54. The BC1 seedlings also showed different chromosome constitutions and the range was from 29 to 62. Most seedlings had both 40and 54
chromosomes followed by 36, 46 and52. In the first meiotic division of F2 and BC1 plants, a high frequency of bivalent associations was observed in all the various kinds of somatic chromosomes. Many F3 and BC2 seeds were obtained by self-pollination and open pollination of both F2 and BC1 plants, and by backcrossing both F2 and BC1plants with B. juncea, respectively,especially, three type progeny with 36, 40or 54 chromosomes. The somatic chromosomes of the F3 and BC2 plants were further investigated. The bridge plants between B. juncea and D. virgata with 36 chromosomes may be utilized for breeding of other Brassica crops as well as B. juncea.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Taing Aung Pamela Zwer Robert Park Philip Davies Parminder Sidhu Ian Dundas 《Euphytica》2010,174(2):189-198
Two diploid accessions of wild oat, CIav6956 and CIav7233, were identified as carrying seedling resistance to oat crown rust
(caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae; Pca). Two vigorous interploidy F1 hybrids were generated from crosses involving the hexaploid oat cultivar Wintaroo and the diploid oat Avena strigosa Schreb. accession CIav6956. An additional interploidy F1 hybrid, designated “F1-Aa1”, was produced from a cross of Wintaroo and the diploid oat accession CIav7233. All three hybrids
were more vigorous and taller than the cultivated parent Wintaroo. The three F1 hybrids contained full chromosome complements from both parents (2n = 4x = 28), but no seeds were obtained when the three F1 hybrids were selfed. Meiotic analyses of the hybrids indicated that they exhibited a high degree of inter-genome and intra-genome
pairing. Trivalent configurations were detected in 95–96% of meiotic cells and a minimum of three bivalents was present in
all cells. An average chiasma frequency of 7.2–7.9 per cell was observed for the three F1 hybrids. A fourth F1 hybrid was subsequently generated from a cross between the diploid oat accession CIav7233 and Wintaroo. One octaploid (2n = 8x = 56) was generated from this hybrid and progeny were resistant to two Pca races. The chromosome number of the octaploid progeny varied between 51 and 54 chromosomes. Development of a chromosome addition
line(s) with the crown rust resistance should be possible from these partial-octaploids. 相似文献