首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
In a two-year (1999–2000) field experiment four Swiss spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (cvs. ‘Albis’, ‘Toronit’ and ‘Pizol’ and an experimental line ‘L94491’) were compared for genotypic differences in the root parameters that determine uptake potential and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE):root surface area (RSA) and its components, root length density (RLD) and the diameter of the roots. The genotypes were grown under no (N0) and under ample fertilizer nitrogen (N) [ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3); N1; 250 kg N ha?1] supply. Root samples were taken from all the genotypes at anthesis from the subsoil (30–60 cm). Genotypic effects on RLD and RSA were evident only in 2000 and large amounts of N fertilizer usually diminished root growth. Adequate soil moisture in 1999 may have favored the establishment of the root system of all the genotypes before anthesis. Parameters of NUE for each genotype were also determined at anthesis and at physiological maturity. ‘Albis’ the least efficient cv. in recovering fertilizer N (ranged from 36.5 to 61.1%) with the lowest N uptake efficiency (0.47 to 0.79 kg kg?1) had the lowest RLD and RSA in both seasons. Among genotypes ‘Toronit’, a high-yielding cv., efficient in recovering fertilizer N, exhibited the higher NUE (22.4 to 29.3 kg kg?1) and tended to have the highest values of RLD and RSA. Nitrogen fertilization also led to an increase in the proportion of roots with diameters less than 300 μm and decreased the proportion of roots with diameters of 300 to 700 μm. These trends were more pronounced for cv. ‘Pizol’ in 1999 and for cv. ‘Toronit’ in 1999 and 2000. By anthesis in a humid temperate climate, there are no marked differences in the subsoil root growth of the examined genotypes. Some peculiarities on the root growth characteristics of the cultivars ‘Albis’ and ‘Toronit’ may partially explain their different NUE performance.  相似文献   

2.
Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied at different levels to three hard winter wheat cultivars ranging in grain protein potential to elucidate their interaction and relationship to yield components. Plant N content was higher in the high‐protein cultivar than in the normal‐protein cultivars at jointing two years and at anthesis one year. Plant P content was higher in the semidwarf cultivars than in the tall cultivar and was unrelated to protein potential. All cultivars contained similar plant N and P levels at maturity. Nitrogen fertilization increased plant N content and decreased plant P content at all stages, whereas P fertilization usually increased plant P content but did not affect plant N content. Grain protein was correlated positively with plant N content at all stages and with plant P content at maturity. Grain yield was correlated positively with plant N content at anthesis but correlated negatively with plant P content at maturity. We concluded that high plant N content at anthesis is necessary for high grain yield and protein content regardless of the cultivars1 inherent protein potential and that plant P nutrition is more critical when N nutrition is altered by fertilization or by genetics.  相似文献   

3.
The objective of this study was to investigate the root growth and nitrogen (N) accumulation of spring wheat during grain filling under split N management. Two spring wheat genotypes were grown in a field with sandy loam soils at three levels of N fertilization (18, 21, and 24 g N m?2). Variations in N availability across soil depth were performed in additional experiments under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. The accumulations of total and late-applied N at maturity were 13% and 41% greater, respectively, for the genotype that had longer root length (+57%) and root-to-shoot ratio (+43%). The accumulation of 15N in the greenhouse study was 53% greater with 15N applied at a depth of 0.15 m than at a depth of 0.35 m. These results indicate that the genotype that accumulated more N was characterized by greater proliferation and maintenance of roots where N availability was greater.  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT

Plant density and nitrogen (N) input level have notable effects on root development, distribution in the soil profile, and in turn, N-uptake of winter wheat. Our study objectives were to identify whether a high yield can be maintained with a reduced N input by increasing plant density. Field studies were conducted during four successive seasons (2014–2015, 2015–2016, 2016–2017, and 2017–2018) using a widely planted cultivar, Tainong18. Two regimes of N fertilization (180 kg ha?1 and 240 kg ha?1) and three planting densities (135, 270, and 405 plants per m2) were used. Higher plant density led to increased root length density (RLD) and enhanced N uptake from the whole soil profile. The RLD in the soil profile at 0–1.2 m, 0–0.4 m, and 0.4–0.8 m decreased while in the 0.8–1.2 m layer it increased in response to reduced N input. The combined effects of higher plant density and lower N input resulted in reduced N uptake, a lower nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), unchanged grain yield, and improved N use efficiency. In conclusion, it is possible and sustainable to maintain a high wheat yield with reduced N input by increasing plant density.  相似文献   

5.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2677-2688
ABSTRACT

Under field conditions, wheat cultivar PBW 343 produced 1.5 times higher grain yield than PDW 233, when grown on low manganese (Mn) soil. To explain the differences in Mn efficiency a pot experiment was conducted using Mn deficient Typic ustochrept loamy sand soil treated with 0, 50, and 100?mg?Mn?kg?1 soil. In no-Mn treatment, both the wheat cultivars showed Mn deficiency symptoms and cultivar PBW 343 produced 30% of the maximum dry matter yield (DMY) attained at high Mn supply, while PDW 233 produced only 18% of its maximum DMY after 40 days of growth. With application of 50?mg?Mn?kg?1 soil, the DMY significantly increased to 87% and 50% of the maximum for PBW 343 and PDW 233, respectively. These results indicate that aestivum cultivar PBW 343 was more Mn efficient than durum cultivar PDW 233. Manganese efficient cultivar PBW 343 had a lower internal Mn requirement than PDW 233 because at the same shoot Mn concentration PBW 343 produced more DMY. The root growth of both wheat cultivars was similar at sufficient Mn supply, the root length (RL)?:?DMY ratio being equal. At decreasing Mn supply root growth was depressed more strongly than shoot growth, the inhibition being more severe in Mn inefficient cultivar PDW 233, indicating the importance of root system size for Mn efficiency between these two wheat cultivars. A nutrient uptake model closely described Mn influx in both the cultivars, indicating that calculated concentration profiles were realistic and that chemical mobilization of Mn in the rhizosphere was not responsible for higher Mn efficiency of PBW 343. Calculated concentration profiles showed that in soil not fertilized with Mn, initial soil solution Mn concentration of 0.23?µM decreased to only 0.21?µM at the root surface after 27 days of uptake. This 7.4% decrease in Mn concentration at the root surface indicated that roots could not decrease Mn concentration to a lower value which would have caused higher transport of Mn to root surface and hence resulted in higher Mn influx.  相似文献   

6.
Replacing new corn genotypes in agricultural practices requires adequate information on the reaction of the selected hybrids to Cd uptake in Cd-polluted soil and an understanding of interactions with N fertilizers. A 2 × 2 × 3 factorial pot experiment with limed soil (pH 8), two maize (Zea mays) hybrids (Pioneer cultivar yellow and Pioneer cultivar white), two N fertilization forms (NH4 + and NO3 ?) and three Cd exposures (0, 2 and 5 mg kg?1 soil) was conducted under greenhouse conditions. Shoot dry mass increased significantly with NH4 + nutrition compared with NO3 ? nutrition in both maize hybrids, with greater negative influence of Cd application combined with NH4 + nutrition. The yellow cultivar had significantly greater shoot dry mass and lower Cd uptake than the white cultivar. Both hybrids exhibited similar N uptake in shoots and roots, with the exception of yellow cultivar with NH4 + nutrition without Cd application. NO3 ? nutrition always decreased Cd uptake in both cultivars compared with NH4 + nutrition. The N balance (mean across cultivars and Cd supply) after harvest showed most N uptake with NH4 + nutrition (63.4%) and Nmin remains in the soil with NO3 ? nutrition (48.7%). Soil pH decreased more with NH4 + (?0.95 pH units) than NO3 ? nutrition (?0.21).  相似文献   

7.
In grain legumes, the N requirements of growing seeds are generally greater than biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and soil N uptake during seed filling, so that the N previously accumulated in the vegetative tissues needs to be redistributed in order to provide N to the seeds. Chickpea, field bean, pea, and white lupin were harvested at flowering and maturity to compare the relative contribution of BNF, soil N uptake, and N remobilisation to seed N. From flowering to maturity, shoot dry weight increased in all crops by approximately 50%, root did not appreciably change, and nodule decreased by 18%. The amount of plant N increased in all crops, however in field bean (17?g?m?2) it was about twice that in chickpea, pea, and lupin. The increase was entirely due to seeds, whose N content at maturity was 26?g?m?2 in field bean and 16?g?m?2 in chickpea, pea, and lupin. The seed N content at maturity was higher than total N accumulation during grain filling in all crops, and endogenous N previously accumulated in vegetative parts was remobilised to fulfil the N demand of filling seeds. Nitrogen remobilisation ranged from 7?g?m?2 in chickpea to 9?g?m?2 in field bean, and was crucial in providing N to the seeds of chickpea, pea, and lupin (half of seed N content) but it was less important in field bean (one-third). All the vegetative organs of the plants underwent N remobilisation: shoots contributed to the N supply of seeds from 58% to 85%, roots from 11% to 37%, and nodules less than 8%. Improving grain legume yield requires either reduced N remobilisation or enhanced N supply, thus, a useful strategy is to select cultivars with high post-anthesis N2 fixation or add mineral N at flowering.  相似文献   

8.
The permanent bed planting system for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production has recently received additional attention. Studies using hard red spring wheat (cultivar Nahuatl F2000) were conducted at two locations in central Mexico. The studies included the installation of three furrow diking treatments, two granular N timing treatments and three foliar N rates applied at the end of anthesis. The objective was to evaluate the effect of these factors on wheat grain yield, yield components and grain N in a wheat–maize (Zea maize L.) rotation with residues of both crops left as stubble. Results indicated that diking in alternate furrows increased both grain yield and the final number of spikes per m2. The split application of N fertilizer enhanced the number of spikes per m2 and grain N uptake, but the effect on grain yield was inconsistent. Similarly, grain protein increased with the foliar application of 6 kg N ha?1, depending upon the maximum temperature within the 10 days following anthesis. The normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) readings collected at four growth stages were generally higher for the split N application than for the basal N application at planting. Grain N uptake was associated to NDVI readings collected after anthesis.  相似文献   

9.
The influence of exogenous organic inputs on soil microbial biomass dynamics and crop root biomass was studied through two annual cycles in rice-barley rotation in a tropical dryland agroecosystem. The treatments involved addition of equivalent amount of N (80 kg N ha−1) through chemical fertilizer and three organic inputs at the beginning of each annual cycle: Sesbania shoot (high-quality resource, C:N 16, lignin:N 3.2, polyphenol+lignin:N 4.2), wheat straw (low-quality resource, C:N 82, lignin:N 34.8, polyphenol+lignin:N 36.8) and Sesbania+wheat straw (high-and low-quality resources combined), besides control. The decomposition rates of various inputs and crop roots were determined in field conditions by mass loss method. Sesbania (decay constant, k=0.028) decomposed much faster than wheat straw (k=0.0025); decomposition rate of Sesbania+wheat straw was twice as fast compared to wheat straw. On average, soil microbial biomass levels were: rice period, Sesbania?Sesbania+wheat straw>wheat straw?fertilizer; barley period, Sesbania+wheat straw>Sesbania?wheat straw?fertilizer; summer fallow, Sesbania+wheat straw>Sesbania>wheat straw?fertilizer. Soil microbial biomass increased through rice and barley crop periods to summer fallow; however, in Sesbania shoot application a strong peak was obtained during rice crop period. In both crops soil microbial biomass C and N decreased distinctly from seedling to grain-forming stages, and then increased to the maximum at crop maturity. Crop roots, however, showed reverse trend through the cropping period, suggesting strong competition between microbial biomass and crop roots for available nutrients. It is concluded that both resource quality and crop roots had distinct effect on soil microbial biomass and combined application of Sesbania shoot and wheat straw was most effective in sustained build up of microbial biomass through the annual cycle.  相似文献   

10.
Nitrate‐N uptake from soil depends on root growth and uptake activity. However, under field conditions N‐uptake activity is difficult to estimate from soil‐N depletion due to different loss pathways. We modified the current mesh‐bag method to estimate nitrate‐N‐uptake activity and root growth of two oilseed‐rape cultivars differing in N‐uptake efficiency. N‐efficient cultivar (cv.) ‘Apex' and N‐inefficient cv. ‘Capitol' were grown in a field experiment on a silty clayey gleyic fluvisol near Göttingen, northern Germany, and fertilized with 0 (N0) and 227 (N227) kg N ha–1. In February 2002, PVC tubes with a diameter of 50 mm were installed between plant rows at 0–0.3 and 0–0.6 m soil depth with an angle of 45°. At the beginning of shooting, beginning of flowering, and at seed filling, the PVC tubes were substituted by PVC tubes (compartments) of the same diameter, but with an open window at the upper side either at a soil depth of 0–0.3 or 0.3–0.6 m allowing roots to grow into the tubes. Anion‐exchange resin at the bottom of the compartment allowed estimation of nitrate leaching. The compartments were then filled with root‐free soil which was amended with or without 90 mg N (kg soil)–1. The newly developed roots and nitrate‐N depletion were estimated in the compartments after the installing period (21 d at shooting stage and 16 d both at flowering and grain‐filling stages). Nitrate‐N depletion was estimated from the difference between NO ‐N contents of compartments containing roots and control compartments (windows closed with a membrane) containing no roots. The amount of nitrate leached from the compartments was quantified from the resin and has been taken into consideration in the calculation of the N depletion. The amount of N depleted from the compartments significantly correlated with root‐length density. Suboptimal N application to the crop reduced total biomass and seed‐yield formation substantially (24% and 38% for ‘Apex’ and ‘Capitol’, respectively). At the shooting stage, there were no differences in root production and N depletion from the compartments by the two cultivars between N0 and N227. But at flowering and seed‐filling stages, higher root production and accordingly higher N depletion was observed at N0 compared to N227. Towards later growth stages, the newly developed roots were characterized by a reduction of root diameter and a shift towards the deeper soil layer (0.3–0.6m). At low but not at high N supply, the N‐efficient cv. ‘Apex’ exhibited higher root growth and accordingly depleted nitrate‐N more effectively than the N‐inefficient cv. ‘Capitol’, especially during the reproductive growth phase. The calculated nitrate‐N‐uptake rate per unit root length was maximal at flowering (for the low N supply) but showed no difference between the two cultivars. This indicated that the higher N‐uptake efficiency of cv. ‘Apex’ was due to higher root growth rather than higher uptake per unit of root length.  相似文献   

11.
施锌对小麦开花后氮、磷、钾、锌积累和运转的影响   总被引：25，自引：7，他引：25  
为明确大田条件下施锌对小麦地上部器官氮、磷、钾、锌的积累量和转移量的影响,2001～2002年开展了田间试验。试验以专用强筋小麦(8901-11)和普通小麦(4185)两个冬小麦品种为材料,包括4个施锌水平(分别为施ZnSO4.7H2O.0、11.25、22.5和33.75.kg/hm2)。结果表明,各器官中Zn的含量变化在4.14～54.18.mg/kg,刚开花时及灌浆前期的含量以子粒>穗壳>叶片>茎秆,至接近成熟时则以子粒>叶片>穗壳>茎秆。每生产100.kg小麦子粒需要吸收Zn的范围在4.40～5.20.g之间。小麦成熟时吸收的Zn约为N或K2O的1/800～1/700,为P2O5的1/500～1/300。施锌后小麦各器官氮、磷、钾、锌的积累量及开花后向子粒的运转量增加,但施锌过多,这些营养元素的吸收、积累和运转反而受到抑制。4185开花前吸收氮和磷的能力较强,而8901-11开花后吸收氮和磷的能力较强;而吸收钾和锌的能力与吸收氮和磷的情况相反。8901-11氮、磷、钾、锌的积累量基本随施锌量增加而提高,以施硫酸锌22.5～33.75.kg/hm2的积累量最高;而4185以施硫酸锌11.25.kg/hm2的积累量最高。因此,在施用大量元素的基础上,普通小麦以施硫酸锌11.25.kg/hm2为宜,而强筋小麦以施硫酸锌22.5～33.75.kg/hm2为宜。  相似文献   

12.
Straw return can be used to reduce fertilizer input and improve agricultural sustainability and soil health. However, how straw return and reduced fertilizer application affect beneficial soil microbes, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), remains poorly understood. Here, we conducted a five-year field experiment in a rainfed maize field on the Loess Plateau of northwestern China. We tested four treatments with straw return combined with four nitrogen (N) application rates, i.e., 100%, 80%, 60%, and 0% of the common N application rate (225 kg N ha-1 year-1) in this region, and two reference treatments (full or no N application), with three replicates for each treatment. Mycorrhizal colonization was quantified and AMF communities colonizing maize roots were characterized using Illumina sequencing. Forty virtual taxa (VTs) of AMF were identified in root samples, among which VT113 (related to Rhizophagus fasciculatus) and VT156 (related to Dominikia gansuensis) were the predominant taxa. Both root length colonization and AMF VT richness were sensitive to N fertilization, but not to straw return; furthermore, both gradually increased with decreasing N application rate. The VT composition of the AMF community was also affected by N fertilization, but not by straw return, and the community variation could be well explained by soil available N and phosphorus concentrations. Additionally, 60%, 80%, and full N fertilization produced similar maize yields. Thus, our study revealed the response patterns of AMF to straw return and N fertilizer reduction and showed that straw return combined with N fertilizer reduction may be a promising practice to maintain mycorrhizal symbiosis concomitantly with crop productivity.  相似文献   

13.
种植密度对冬小麦氮素吸收利用和分配的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了探讨实现冬小麦籽粒产量与氮素利用效率协同提高的途径,为制定高产、高效栽培管理措施提供理论依据,在大田条件下,以大穗型小麦品种"泰农18"和中穗型小麦品种"山农15"为试验材料,根据品种特性分别设置4个种植密度("泰农18":135万苗.hm 2、270万苗.hm 2、405万苗.hm 2和540万苗.hm 2;"山农15":172.5万苗.hm 2、345万苗.hm 2、517.5万苗.hm 2和690万苗.hm 2),研究了种植密度对籽粒产量、氮素吸收积累和运转分配、氮素利用效率以及土壤中硝态氮、铵态氮和无机态氮总积累量的影响。研究结果表明,随种植密度增加,两种穗型冬小麦品种成熟期植株氮素积累量、籽粒产量、氮肥吸收利用效率和氮肥偏生产力均表现为先增加后降低,籽粒氮积累量、氮素收获指数和籽粒氮含量下降,花前营养器官氮素转运量和对籽粒氮的贡献率升高。随种植密度的增加,"泰农18"的氮素利用效率随密度的增大先增大后减小,"山农15"随密度的增大而减小。土壤中硝态氮、铵态氮和无机态氮总积累量随密度增加而降低。在本试验条件下,"泰农18"和"山农15"兼顾高产和高效利用氮素的适宜种植密度分别为270万苗.hm 2和345万苗.hm 2。  相似文献   

14.
【目的】研究不同氮效率夏玉米根系的时空分布、 植株氮素吸收利用特性及其对氮素用量的响应,探讨玉米氮素高效利用的生理基础,以期探明通过采用氮高效品种、 促进根土互作、 提高根系与水肥时空耦合、 提高玉米氮素利用效率,强化环境友好型生产的有效途径。【方法】试验于2011-2012年在山东农业大学黄淮海玉米技术创新中心（N3618,E11712）和作物生物学国家重点实验室进行,以氮高效玉米品种郑单958（ZD958）和氮低效品种玉米秀青73-1（XQ73-1）为试验材料,在大田条件下设置两个氮素水平（0和315 kg/hm2）,采用土壤剖面取样法和系统取样法分别进行根系相关指标、 干物质及氮素积累与分配的测定。【结果】ZD958整个生育期根系相关指标（根系干重、 根长密度、 根系TTC还原量、 根系吸收面积及活跃吸收面积）及其在深层土壤（60-100 cm）中所占的比例、 单株生物量、 单株绿叶面积、 植株氮素积累量、 单株籽粒产量均显著高于XQ73-1（P0.05）,抽雄期和完熟期根系干重、 根长密度、 根系TTC还原量、 根系吸收面积、 根系活跃吸收面积、 单株绿叶面积分别比XQ73-1高12.02%、 8.39%、 25.34%、 34.48%、 29.22%、 7.76%和36.74%、 24.21%、 36.29%、 29.94%、 32.83%、 13.73%,完熟期单株生物量、 植株氮素积累量、 籽粒产量分别比XQ73-1高11.65%、 11.78%、 15.16%。施氮后两品种各指标均显著提高,ZD958和XQ73-1根系干重、 根长密度、 根系TTC还原量、 根系吸收面积、 根系活跃吸收面积、 单株绿叶面积抽雄期分别提高8.13%、 6.12%、 18.08%、 15.10%、 24.71%、 12.06%和7.19%、 4.59%、 10.47%、 10.82%、 13.02%、 7.15%,而完熟期分别提高16.48%、 22.43%、 19.26%、 15.03%、 27.45%、 14.97%和15.02%、 14.59%、 13.01%、 12.81%、 21.95%、 11.06%; 单株生物量、 植株氮素积累量、 单株籽粒产量完熟期分别提高9.40%、 10.08%、 13.43%和5.20%、 8.56%、 9.69%。相关分析表明,植株吸氮量与根长密度、 根系干重、 根系活跃吸收面积呈显著线性正相关（相关系数均在0.8以上）。 ZD958花前根系对氮素的响应度高于XQ73-1,花后则低于XQ73-1。【结论】氮高效玉米品种ZD958根系总量大、 深层土壤根系多、 根系活力高、 氮素吸收能力强; 施氮条件下优势更加明显,对ZD958作用大于XQ73-1,说明氮高效玉米品种发达且分布合理的根系保证了植株对氮素的吸收,有利于进行光合生产、 获得较高籽粒产量。两品种对氮素的响应不同,氮高效品种花前对氮素的响应度高于氮低效品种,花后则相反。因此,可过适度减少氮高效品种花前施氮量、 增加花后施氮量,而适度增加氮低效品种花前施氮量、 降低花后施氮量来促进根系发育,提高氮素利用效率。  相似文献   

15.
The nitrogen (N) fertilization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important for stable and high grain yield. However, the effect of N on root growth and survivorship is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effect of varying N availability on the growth and survivorship of roots and (2) to determine whether genotypic variation in N‐related traits are linked to root growth and survivorship. In a two‐year study, two spring wheat cultivars (Albis and Toronit) and an experimental line (L94491) were grown under low (20 kg N ha–1) and high N supply (270 kg N ha–1) in lysimeters equipped with minirhizotrons. The genotypes showed significant differences in N‐related traits: total shoot N content, grain N yield, N harvest index, and rate of decline in flag‐leaf greenness. However, there were relatively weak and inconsistent genotypic effects on the time course of root density, root growth during grain filling, and root survivorship. The level of N supply was the factor that most influenced the establishment, growth, and survivorship of roots; the high N supply, depending on the year and genotype, increased growth and survivorship of roots from 0% to 68% and 24% to 34%, respectively.  相似文献   

16.
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop in the Guinea savannas of Nigeria. Despite its high production potential, drought, Striga hermonthica parasitsim, and poor soil fertility particularly nitrogen deficiency limit maize production in the savannas. Breeders at IITA have developed drought- and Striga-tolerant cultivars for testing, dissemination, and deployment in the region. Information on the response of these cultivars to N fertilization is, however, not available. This study evaluated grain yield, total N uptake (TNU), N uptake (NUPE), N utilization (NUTE), and N use efficiency (NUE) of selected maize cultivars along with a widely grown improved maize cultivar at two locations in the Guinea savannas of northern Nigeria. Maize grain yield increased with N application. The average grain yield of the maize cultivars was 76% higher at 30, 156% higher at 60, and 203% higher at 120 kg N ha?1 than at 0 kg N ha?1. This suggests that N is a limiting nutrient in the Nigerian savannas. Five drought-tolerant cultivars produced consistently higher yields when N was added at all levels. These cultivars had either high NUPE or NUTE confirming earlier reports that high N uptake or NUTE improves maize grain yield. The study also confirms earlier reports that maize cultivars that are selected for tolerance to drought are also efficient in uptake and use of N fertilizer. This means that these cultivars can be grown with application of less N fertilizer thereby reducing investment on fertilizers and reduction in environmental pollution.  相似文献   

17.
采用15N示踪技术,选用水稻土和灰潮土在宜兴进行小麦盆栽试验,研究了稻草、猪粪及其堆肥与化肥配施对作物生长及氮素吸收的影响。结果表明,在水稻土和灰潮土上,不同有机物及其堆肥与化肥配施分别比单施化肥增产4.46%～24.82%和1.01%～20.53%,稻草堆肥和猪粪堆肥配施化肥处理籽粒产量分别高于稻草和猪粪直接与化肥配施处理。稻草和猪粪堆肥后更利于作物吸收氮素,增加植物体内15N累积。两种土壤上15N回收率表现为相同配比的堆肥处理未堆肥处理单施化肥处理。随着小麦生育期的推进,土壤微生物量氮和矿质态氮含量均呈下降趋势,稻草和猪粪处理的微生量氮含量始终高于稻草堆肥和猪粪堆肥处理。有机无机肥配施处理土壤矿质态氮在小麦生育前期低于单施化肥,成熟期则高于单施化肥。整个生育期中,稻草堆肥和猪粪堆肥处理土壤矿质态氮含量分别高于稻草和猪粪处理。因此,有机物堆肥后与化肥配施更有利于提高产量,促进作物对氮素的吸收利用。  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is low in cereals especially in wheat. Different wheat cultivars may vary in NUE due to inherited biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) potential. In this study, three wheat cultivars (Punjab-2011, ARRI-2011 and Millat-2011) were fertilized at the rate of 140?kg ha?1 with three N sources [nitrophos (NP), urea and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN)]. The soil nitrate (NO3?)-N contents were significantly enhanced coupled with simultaneous decrease in ammonium (NH4+)-N contents in the rhizosphere of cultivar Punjab-2011, fertilized with NP; however, cultivar Millat-2011 receiving urea behaved in contrast. Wheat cultivar Punjab-2011 fertilized with NP had the highest grain yield and agronomic NUE than other treatments due to significant increase in chlorophyl contents, allometric and yield parameters. The highest net benefit was recorded from the cultivar Punjab-2011 fertilized with CAN. In conclusion, use of NP in Punjab-2011 enhanced the grain yield and agronomic NUE.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

The effects of nitrogen (N at 0, 100 and 180 kg N ha-1) and sulfur (S at 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg S ha-1) on crop yield, nutrient uptake, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and amino acid composition of two bread wheat cultivars, ‘Shehan’ and ‘Enkoy,’ grown in Andisols and Cambisols in randomized blocks with three replications were evaluated. Both cultivars responded significantly (P < 0.05) to N and S applications and S application with N improved the NUE by 28%. The yield increase for the two cultivars by N and S application ranged between 0.8 to 2.4 Mg ha?1. The N concentration increased significantly from N0 to N2 in both cultivars. Sulfur fertilization increased the concentration of cysteine and methionine by 27% and 14%, respectively, as compared to N alone. The grain yield, NUE, N, and S uptake, and the S-amino acid concentration of ‘Enkoy’ were significantly higher than ‘Shehan’ cultivar.  相似文献   

20.
碳酸氢根与水肥同层对玉米幼苗生长和吸收养分的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  
把水分(NaHCO3溶液或纯水)供应于底施了铵态或硝态N肥的土层内,以研究HCO3-及水肥供应方式对石灰性土壤上玉米生长及养分吸收的影响。结果表明,在限制灌水量的条件下,在土壤上层供应HCO3-显著抑制根系生长,但在下层供应对生长无明显影响;当施用不同形态N素时,HCO3-对N素吸收并无明显影响;此外,供应HCO3-溶液能明显提高灌水土层的土壤pH。总体来看,在供试条件下,HCO3-对玉米幼苗生长量、根系分布及养分吸收量的影响均较为有限,而后三者主要受施肥灌水层次的影响,即:在土壤上层施肥灌水,幼苗生长量显著降低;而在下层施肥灌水是一种节水节肥的水肥供应方式。但下层施肥灌水不利于植株的直立性。因为下层施肥灌水时根系主要分布在下层,在上层分布数量极少;而上层施肥灌水根系在上下两层中的分布无明显差异;下层施肥灌水的玉米植株,其N、P、K吸收量远高于上层施肥灌水的植株。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号