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以农林生物质为原材料,通过加入铁磁性助剂制备铁炭复合材料是农林生物质高值化利用和受污染水体及土壤治理的重要途径。铁炭复合材料具有高比表面积、丰富表面官能团和优异吸附性能,能够通过表面物理吸附和氧化还原作用,快速吸附污水中的重金属离子,并在外部磁场的吸引下实现快速分离回收和循环使用。该研究论述了不同制备方法的铁炭复合材料及其材料性能,对其去除有机染料污染物、治理污水和土壤重金属的研究现状及发展动态进行了分析和讨论。在此基础上,结合铁炭复合材料的结构发育机理和污水治理及土壤改良的产业发展现状,提出了兼顾低成本,易合成,高效益的复合材料制备方式建议,以期为其在环境污染治理中的广泛应用提供理论和实践参考,进而推动农林生物质资源化高值利用,助力生态环境的绿色低碳高质量发展。 相似文献
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为高值化利用茶产业剩余物资源,拓宽木塑复合材料中植物纤维来源,以废弃茶梗(tea stalk,TS)为有机填料,与聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)制备了TS/PP复合材料;同时为研究其户外应用和老化机制,考察了冻融循环老化对TS/PP复合材料力学性能、材色及热性能的影响,并用傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectrum,FTIR)、扫描电镜(scanning electronic microscopy,SEM)等分析了复合材料的化学结构、表面形貌及老化机制。结果表明:在经历12次冻融循环老化后,复合材料的弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲模量及硬度值保留率分别为28.9%、40.1%、34.5%和86.5%,复合材料的亮度变化值(△L*)、红绿轴色品指数变化值(△a*)、黄蓝轴色品指数变化值(△b*)及色差值△E分别为16.41、2.80、9.03和18.93;复合材料维卡软化点(vicat softing point,VSP)下降了2.9℃,茶粉组分的最快热降解温度降低了4℃;茶粉中木素苯环结构红外吸收峰强度减弱甚至消失,表明在冻融循环老化中茶粉中木素成分发生了降解。SEM显示随冻融循环次数增加,TS/PP复合材料表面裂纹数量增多,裂纹深度和宽度增大,甚至出现交叉裂纹。该研究结果可为进一步探索茶塑复合材料制备及老化规律,提供试验数据和理论参考。 相似文献
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中国生物质产业及发展取向 总被引：77，自引：19，他引：77
该文界定了生物质、生物质产品、生物质资源和生物质产业的概念和范围，分析了中国生物质资源的潜力。针对中国当前“三农”问题和未来10～20年能源安全等重大需求，综述了国内外生物质产业发展的4个取向：生物质发电、生物质液体燃料、生物质有机高分子材料和能源农林业。简述了现代农林工生物质能一体化系统的生物质产业发展模式。发展生物质产业对于解决农民增收问题、加快农业工业化进程和促进农村小康社会建设等具有重要意义。 相似文献
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不同温度下热裂解芒草生物质炭的理化特征分析 总被引：20，自引：7，他引：13
芒草是一个极具潜力的生物质能源作物,为了研究了解芒草生物质炭的特征,评价其农业和与环境领域应用价值与潜力,该研究分别在和下制备生物质炭,测定其基础理化性质,以期了解芒草生物质炭特征及其随裂解温度变化的规律。结果表明,裂解温度显著地影响芒草生物质炭物理与化学性质,低温生物质炭含有比较高的水溶性成分,而高温生物质炭具有比较高的pH值、C/N比、芳香化结构、持水量和比表面积;但裂解温度对生物质炭δ值没有显著的影响。该文还讨论了芒草生物质炭在化肥利用率提高,以及污染土壤和水体修复等领域的潜在价值与工业应用前景,研究结果可为芒草生物质炭在土壤改良、固碳减排等方面的应用提供基础数据。 相似文献
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生物质超临界水制氢（supercritical water gasification，SCWG）以超临界水为介质通过热化学方式将生物质中的有机物转化为氢气等能源气体。相较于传统制氢方式，SCWG过程具有反应速度快、氢气选择性好、副产物少等优点，是一种高效、经济、清洁的生物质处理技术。该研究主要围绕SCWG过程中的影响因素进行系统地分析，介绍了超临界水特殊的物理化学性质，详细阐述了生物质主要成分如纤维素、半纤维素和木质素在SCWG过程中的反应机理，以及试验装置、原料类型和浓度、反应温度、停留时间、压力等工艺因素对SCWG的影响。研究发现纤维素占比较高的作物气化效果更好，低浓度的进料有利于气化效率和碳气化效率的提升，提高装置升温速率、适当增加反应温度和停留时间能够增加氢气产率，过大的压力会形成"溶剂笼"效应降低氢气产量。对不同类型反应系统研究表明，间歇式反应装置虽然结构简单、操作方便但也存在物料与催化剂混合不均匀、不能实现连续化生产而不适用于工业化推广，连续式反应装置虽面领着堵塞等问题，但具有性能好、效益高的优点，是工业化推广的发展方向。对SCWG主要应用的催化剂进行讨论发现，均相催化剂虽然具有催化效果但具有较强腐蚀性，非均相催化剂因其具有高催化活性、易回收、稳定性好等优点更适用于大规模SCWG生产过程，同时还研究了金属催化剂酸度在催化过程中的影响，发现酸度越高在SCWG过程中积碳会越明显，通过添加Cu、Ce、Co、La等合适的第二金属作为促剂可以改变催化剂性能，增加催化剂使用寿命，提高氢气选择性。未来应针对SCWG的试验装置、高效催化剂及经济性分析等核心技术开展研究，加速SCWG的工业化推广，实现经济、安全、绿色、高效的氢能供给。该研究期望加深对生物质SCWG理解，为日后研究提供理论指导。 相似文献
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糠醛是一种重要的生物质基平台化合物,国内外学者针对生物质产糠醛展开诸多研究,尤其是酸催化水解领域。该文综述了糠醛制备工艺在不同时期的情况,阐述并评价了目前新颖的同步产糠醛与纤维素基化学品工艺。对酸(稀布朗斯特酸和路易斯金属盐)催化木糖和半纤维素的反应动力学进行系统归纳,并阐述了相关机理的研究进展。最后,对现在研究热点——酸/有机溶剂作用体系中有机溶剂的作用机制进行归纳,并对计算化学在其中的最新研究情况进行总结。该文旨在为学者开展生物质产糠醛的研究提供信息,有利于学者进行选择性研究。 相似文献
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木质纤维素生物质厌氧发酵沼渣热化学转化利用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
厌氧发酵技术可以将木质纤维素生物质转化为沼气,并伴随副产物沼渣产生。随着大型沼气工程的发展,大量沼渣排放已成为厌氧发酵技术推广应用的主要限制因素之一,亟须对沼渣进行快速有效处理。其中,沼渣的热化学转化利用符合大型沼气工程发展趋势,是当前的研究热点之一。首先分析木质纤维素沼渣的原料特性与热化学转化潜力;再对沼渣成型燃料、热解以及水热炭化等领域的研究现状进行分析,着重对沼渣衍生产物特性、热化学转化过程中存在的问题以及与厌氧发酵结合的潜在优势等方面进行讨论;最后,对沼渣热化学转化的发展趋势进行了展望。木质纤维素生物质厌氧发酵与沼渣热化学转化结合的应用模式研究对大型沼气工程推广应用具有一定的科学意义。 相似文献
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为了深入了解国内外生物质炭的研究现状与研究热点，为相关研究领域的科研工作者与决策者提供参考，该文以Web of Science 核心数据库为数据源，采用文献计量学方法对2003-2020年间全球发表的生物质炭研究文献进行分析。全球生物质炭研究的发文量呈快速增长趋势，其中中国总发文量和总被引频次均位居世界首位。中国-美国是生物质炭研究最大的合作关系体。发文量最多的机构是中国科学院。中国有8名学者发文量进入世界前20名，上海交通大学曹心德的总发文量和总被引频次位列大陆学者榜首。发文量最大的学科方向是环境科学。中国在生物质炭研究方面发展快、成果产出多，但缺乏有国际影响力的核心成果，在研究创新性和发文质量上还有待提升。关键词分析表明，生物质炭在土壤改良和农业生产中的应用、利用生物质炭处理废水及修复污染土壤，以及生物质炭制备方法和工艺的创新是生物质炭的主要研究热点。而生物质炭制备材料与工艺的创新、各类功能型生物质炭纳米复合材料的开发，以及继续拓宽生物质炭在不同领域的高效利用可能成为今后的研究热点。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5-6):641-651
Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of tea cultivation on soil microbial biomass and community structure. Soil pH, extractable aluminum (Al), organic carbon (Corg) and total nitrogen were considerably modified by tea cultivation. Long‐term tea cultivation resulted in the increase of microbial biomass C (Cmic), microbial biomass N (Nmic), and basal respiration. The metabolic quotient declined as the tea cultivation age increased. The adjacent citrus orchard soil showed a higher Cmic/Corg ratio than the tea orchard soils. Microtitration plates with 21 carbon sources and two different pH levels (4.7 and 7.0) were used to determine the substrate utilization pattern of these soils. The average well color development (AWCD) of the carbon sources in the plates did not vary in a consistent manner with the microbial biomass. Multivariate analysis of sole carbon source utilization pattern demonstrated that land‐use history had a significant effect on substrate utilization pattern. The pH 4.7 characterization medium can increase the discrimination of this technique and is more adequate than the conventional neutral medium for the tea orchard soils. 相似文献
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增容剂改善茶粉/聚乳酸生物质复合材料性能 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为降低聚乳酸的生产成本、拓宽其应用范围和高值化利用茶产业剩余物资源,以茶粉(tea dust,TD)为填料,聚乳酸(polylactic acid,PLA)为基体,经密炼、注塑工艺制备了环境友好型TD/PLA复合材料。以过氧化二异丙苯(dicumyl peroxide,DCP)为引发剂,通过熔融反应制备了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝聚乳酸(glycidyl methacrylate grafting PLA,GMA-g-PLA),用傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectrum,FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(H nuclear magnetic resonance,1H-NMR)对其进行了表征,并以GMA-g-PLA为增容剂,考察了其添加对TD/PLA复合材料力学性能、界面形态、热性能及吸水性能的影响。结果表明,FTIR和1H-NMR分析证实了GMA成功地接枝到了PLA上。GMA-g-PLA的添加明显改善了TD与PLA的界面相容性,提高了TD/PLA复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性,降低了吸水率。在GMA-g-PLA添加质量分数为10%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳,与未增容TD/PLA复合材料相比,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度及缺口冲击强度分别提高43.8%、42.1%和24.1%,拉伸模量和弯曲模量提高26.5%和10.4%,断裂伸长率提高26.1%。该研究结果可为进一步探索茶塑复合材料界面改性规律及制备聚乳酸基复合材料,提供试验数据和参考。 相似文献
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Prabhat Pramanik Manabjyoti Phukan Anup Jyoti Goswami 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(4):489-498
Tea is an evergreen shrub, and tea bushes (plants) are periodically pruned at 3-year intervals. This practice generates tons of pruning litters (leaves and stems) in tea gardens. In spite of availability, the hard nature and slow decomposition rate limit the use of pruning litters as soil amendments. In this study, an attempt was made to cycle pruning litters in shredded form to evaluate their effect on young tea plants under greenhouse condition. It was observed that shredded prunings were decomposed in soil within study duration and enhanced nitrate-N content in the soil. The study revealed that different parameters like plant height, biomass weight, and N uptake were enhanced due to the application of suitable combinations of pruning litter and urea in the soil. Based on this study, it could be concluded that application of shredded prunings had potential to replace up to 15% of recommended urea during tea cultivation. 相似文献
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为了研究加工方式对甜茶速溶粉稳定同位素指纹的影响,进而验证δ13 C、δ15 N用于甜茶及其速溶粉产地溯源的可行性,本试验分别以烘箱烘干和微波杀青2种烘干方式制备甜茶老叶和嫩叶4种原料,采用热水浸提、离心并干燥(喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥)的方法制备甜茶速溶粉,得到喷雾干燥速溶粉(ITSD)、冷冻干燥速溶粉(ITFD)和速溶粉副产物(ITBP)三类加工样品,并采用元素分析-同位素比率质谱仪(EA-IRMS)测定样品中的δ13C、δ15N值。结果表明,不同产地(湖南、四川、江西)甜茶杀青嫩叶δ13C、δ15N值存在显著差异(P<0.05),烘箱烘干法与微波杀青法制得的原料茶δ15N值存在差异,且 δ13C、 δ15N值在速溶粉加工产品(原料、速溶粉及副产物)间存在显著差异(P<0.05),但不同烘干原料制备的所有样品δ13 C、δ15N值之间存在极显著相关(P<0.01)。本研究结果为基于δ13C、δ15N溯源指纹进行甜茶原料或速溶茶粉的产地溯源提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Yu-Fu Hu Xiang-Yang Shu Jia He Ou-Ping Deng Hai-Hua Xiao Qin Pu 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(5):700-709
At present, reports of the effect of lanthanum on nitrogen cycling in the soil are very detailed, but information on carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) cycling is less reported. We present an investigation into the effects of lanthanum on the pH, microbial biomass C and P and enzyme activities (such as that of β-glucosidase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, acid phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase and phosphotriesterase) in soil in an indoor culture experiment. The results show that the application of lanthanum decreased the pH and had an inhibitory effect on microbial biomass C and P throughout the experiment. The application of lanthanum significantly inhibited most of enzyme activities at the 14th day of the experiment. However, soil samples treated with 100 mg kg?1 of lanthanum significantly stimulated the activity of polyphenol oxidase at the 14th day, and the range 100–300 mg kg?1 stimulated the activities during the 28th day to the 56th day. From the 42nd to the 56th day, the pH and all enzyme activities gradually increased. We inferred that the lanthanum had different effects on microbial biomass C and P and enzymes. We recommended that the amount of the rare earth element applied in a tea garden should be lower than 100 mg kg?1. 相似文献
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Prabhat Pramanik Manabjyoti Phukan Swayambhu Ghosh Anup Jyoti Goswami 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(8):1172-1180
Pruning is adopted at 3–4 years interval as an agronomic practice during tea cultivation. It was hypothesized that biomass loss during pruning will imply stress on tea bushes. The aim of this study was to quantify changes in different parameters (labile organic carbon fractions, phosphatase activity, microbial biomass and microbial respiration) in tea rhizosphere due to pruning by collecting soil samples from the rhizosphere of ten of each pruned and un-pruned tea bushes. Hot-water extractable and dissolved organic C contents in rhizosphere soil of pruned tea were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than those in the soil of un-pruned tea bushes. Analysis of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) revealed that the rhizosphere of pruned tea plants had higher population of Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and lower denitrifying bacterial population as compared to un-pruned tea plants. Activity of acid phosphatase enzyme in soil was also increased due to pruning. A separate study revealed that de-centering may induce production of up to 50% more labile organic carbon compounds by young tea as compared to un-pruned plants. Therefore, it could be concluded that pruned tea bushes secrete more root exudates to influence microbiological and biochemical properties in rhizosphere. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11):1349-1362
Evaluation of fertility sources for certified organic greenhouse vegetable production is necessary for further industry growth. Two experiments tested the effects of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) and water extract tea made from it on potted greenhouse tomatoes. The first used MSWC alone (two levels) and soil tea drench alone (three application frequencies). The second used MSWC and tea in factorial combination at three levels (0, 1×, and 2×). The greatest yield and leaf tissue potassium (K) were obtained using the greatest level combinations of compost and foliar tea spray, and this was significantly greater than conventional nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizer yield. Tissue magnesium (Mg) was affected by compost because of the antagonism from compost K. Tea increased tissue sodium (Na). No significant differences in heavy-metal tissue concentrations were found between treatments. While MSWC is an effective soil fertility amendment, the benefits of using tea may be increased with more frequent application. 相似文献
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Prabhat Pramanik Chayanika Kalita 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(10):1258-1266
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a nutrient-demanding perennial crop and cultivated in typically acidic soil under sub-tropic humid condition. A large amount of fertilizers, especially urea and muriate of potash (MoP), are applied in the soil to sustain tea productivity. However, high potassium (K)-loss from soil under humid conditions suggests the requirement of an alternative K source for supplementing K in the soil during tea cultivation. The objective was to evaluate the possibility of using K-containing minerals, namely, potassium feldspar (K-spar) and mica waste (WM), as alternative K-source for supplementing K in the soil. In this study, application of WM at the recommended dose increased exchangeable K content in soil compared to control (received no K input); however, the value was lower than that of MoP treatment. The WM-treated plants had better growth and higher K uptake than plants with the MoP treatment. Application of WM at half of the recommended dose increased K content in the soil above no K-treated soil and recorded comparable growth and K accumulation by plants as MoP. MW could be used as K amendment in acidic soil, especially during tea cultivation. 相似文献
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植茶年龄对茶园土壤微生物特性及酶活性的影响 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
分析了浙江省两个典型茶区土壤化学、微生物学性质以及酶活性。结果表明,茶园土壤的酸化程度随植茶年龄的增加而加重,土壤有效态N以NO-3 N为主。两茶区高龄茶园的土壤微生物量均很低,表明长期植茶形成的独特生态环境对微生物有抑制作用。两茶园土壤微生物代谢商(Rmic/Cmic)都较非茶园对照土壤低,并且随植茶年龄的增加,两者呈相似的变化趋势。土壤微生物商的变化可能与茶园土壤环境胁迫状况有关,低龄茶园的土壤微生物商(Cmic/Corg)高于非茶园对照土壤,也明显高于高龄茶园。土壤有机碳,全N ,有效P ,NH-4 N ,NO-3 N ,脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均随植茶年龄的增加而增加,而与土壤pH值呈相反的变化趋势 相似文献