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端粒是真核染色体分子末端的DNA区域,是由重复的DNA序列和端粒结合蛋白形成的DNA-蛋白复合物,对于染色体的复制和稳定起着重要作用。近年来研究结果表明,端粒长度的缩短与人类疾病和衰老密切相关。同时,体细胞核移植(somatic cell nuclear transfer,SCNT)作为一种有效的无性生殖手段,越来越多的在科研和生产中得到应用。由于体细胞核移植通常采用体细胞作为核供体细胞,因而供体细胞的端粒长度、核移植后重组胚的端粒在胚胎早期是否会被修复、端粒长度是否有变化等问题,对于研究克隆动物的重编程、发育生物学都有着重要的指导意义。作者将对端粒的结构和端粒长度的机理研究、在克隆哺乳动物中对端粒长度的探索研究,以及近几年来关于端粒方面的一些研究进展加以阐述。 相似文献
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端粒和端粒酶与衰老关系的研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
端粒是存在于线性染色体末端的一段特殊的DNA－蛋白质复合物，由于末端不能复制，正常体细胞随着细胞分裂的进行而逐渐丢失端粒序列，导致细胞老化和死亡。端粒酶是维持端粒长度的一种特殊的DNA聚合酶，在细胞的增殖、衰老及永生中起重要作用。本文就端粒和端粒酶及其与衰老的作一综述。 相似文献
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真核细胞的衰老及凋亡与端粒DNA序列长度的缩短有关。端粒相关蛋白则可能通过调节端粒酶或其他相关因子的行为对端粒长度进行调控。目前端粒的长度可作为细胞衰老的生物学指标之一。文中综述了端粒的结构、功能、相关蛋白及其与细胞衰老的关系。 相似文献
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端粒酶是真核生物细胞染色体末端富含G的简单重复结构。在生理状况下,随着细胞分裂次数增加,端粒在复制分裂过程中将逐渐丢失碱基,从而致使端粒逐渐缩短。当端粒缩短至一定长度时细胞将进人生长停止衰老死亡阶段,即出现细胞的凋亡。最近几年来,人们研究发现一种端粒酶能够逆转录合成端粒DNA,并添加到端粒从而达到防止端粒缩短,维持端粒的长度,进而保持染色体的稳定性。由于大多数生物体细胞生理状态下, 相似文献
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本研究为了验证应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（quantitative PCR,Q-PCR）测定牛基因组端粒长度的可行性,选取18个不同来源牛耳成纤维细胞抽提基因组DNA为样本,对Q-PCR和经典的Southern印迹法进行了相关性分析。结果显示,Q-PCR测定端粒长度相对T/S为1.16±0.24,Southern印迹法测量端粒平均TRF值为16.99 kb±0.85 kb,两种方法获得的结果相关性分析R2=0.5612(P＜0.01),因此实时荧光定量PCR是一种测定牛基因组端粒长度的可靠的方法。 相似文献
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Yazawa M Okuda M Setoguchi A Iwabuchi S Nishimura R Sasaki N Masuda K Ohno K Tsujimoto H 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(10):1539-1543
OBJECTIVE: To measure telomere length and telomerase activity in naturally occurring canine mammary gland tumors. SAMPLE POPULATION: 27 mammary gland tumor specimens obtained during resection or necropsy and 12 mammary gland tissue specimens obtained from healthy (control) dogs. PROCEDURE: Telomere length in tissue specimens was measured by use of restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot analysis. Telomerase activity was measured by use of a telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. RESULTS: Telomere length in mammary gland tumors ranged from 11.0 to 21.6 kilobase pairs (kbp; mean +/- SEM, 14.5+/-0.5 kbp) but did not differ among tumor types. Telomeres in mammary gland tumors were slightly shorter than in normal tissue specimens, but telomere length could not be directly compared between groups, because mean age of dogs was significantly different between groups. Age was negatively correlated with telomere length in control dogs but was not significantly correlated with length in affected dogs. Telomerase activity was detected in 26 of 27 mammary gland tumors and in 4 of 12 normal tissue specimens. However, telomerase activity and telomere length were not correlated in tumor specimens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Telomere length is maintained in canine mammary gland tumors regardless of the age of the affected dog. Measurement of telomere length may be a useful tool for monitoring the in vivo effects of telomerase inhibitors in dogs with tumors. 相似文献
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Telomere shortening in normal somatic cells has been proposed as a major barrier to unlimited cellular proliferation. Telomerase is an enzyme capable of maintaining telomere length, and thus bypassing this barrier. In human beings, telomerase activity is restricted to cancer cells and cells of stem or germ cell lineages. Dogs represent a potentially useful clinical model for the development of telomerase‐based therapies because telomerase activity is also restricted to cancer cells and stem cells in this species. We examined the ability of telomestatin to inhibit telomerase activity in telomerase‐positive D17 and CMT7 canine cancer cell lines. At a concentration of 2 μM, telomestatin treatment resulted in a decrease in telomerase activity, telomere shortening, growth inhibition and apoptosis in telomerase‐positive cancer cells. These effects were not seen in telomerase‐negative skin fibroblasts or negative controls. These results confirm that telomestatin specifically inhibits telomerase activity in canine cancer cells and strengthens the usefulness of dogs as a model for testing telomerase‐based therapies. 相似文献
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McKevitt TP Nasir L Wallis CV Argyle DJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(12):1496-1499
OBJECTIVE: To investigate telomere lengths in tissues of domestic shorthair (DSH) cats of various ages, evaluate the relationship between telomere length and age of cats, and investigate telomerase activity in the somatic tissues of cats. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues obtained from 2 DSH cats and blood samples obtained from 30 DSH cats. PROCEDURE: DNA isolated from blood cells and somatic tissue samples was subjected to terminal restriction fragment (TRF) analysis to determine mean telomere repeat lengths. Protein samples were subjected to analysis by use of a telomeric repeat-amplification protocol to assess telomerase activity. RESULTS: MeanTRF values of cats ranged from 4.7 to 26.3 kilobase pairs, and there was significant telomeric attrition with increasing age of cat. Telomerase activity was not found in a wide range of normal tissues obtained from 2 cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of these results clearly indicates that telomeres are shorter in older cats, compared with young cats; therefore, telomeres are implicated in the aging process. The analysis of telomerase activity in normal somatic tissues of cats reveals a pattern of expression similar to that found in human tissues. IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE: Fundamental differences in the biological characteristics of telomeres and telomerase exist between humans and the other most widely studied species (ie, mice). The results reported here reveal similarities in telomere and telomerase biologic characteristics between DSH cats and humans. Hence, as well as developing our understanding of aging in cats, these data may be usefully extrapolated to aging in humans. 相似文献
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Kow K Thamm DH Terry J Grunerud K Bailey SM Withrow SJ Lana SE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2008,22(6):1366-1372
Background: We demonstrated previously that canine osteosarcoma (OSA) cell lines and samples from clinical patients are predominantly telomerase positive. In contrast, the majority of OSA samples from human patients appear to be telomerase negative, maintaining telomere length by an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. The purpose of the current study was to examine the telomerase status of a large number of OSA samples from dogs and determine if telomerase status can serve as a prognostic factor. Hypothesis: The majority of clinical canine OSA appendicular lesions will be telomerase positive, and telomerase positivity will negatively impact disease outcome. Animals: Sixty‐seven dogs with appendicular OSA presenting to the Colorado State University Animal Cancer Center for treatment. Methods: The Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol was performed on tissue samples from primary canine appendicular OSA to determine the presence of telomerase activity. Telomere restriction fragment (TRF) analysis was utilized to determine telomere length and detect ALT. Outcome data were obtained in a retrospective manner and correlated with telomerase status. Results: Seventy‐three percent of canine OSA samples were telomerase positive. Telomerase status did not have an impact on disease‐free interval or survival time. Nine of 10 telomerase‐negative samples examined were consistent with an ALT phenotype, based on TRF analysis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the majority of canine OSA are telomerase positive, suggesting that telomerase may be a valuable target for canine OSA therapy. Additionally, telomerase status does not appear to be a prognostic factor in canine OSA. 相似文献
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K. Kow S. M. Bailey E. S. Williams S. Withrow S. E. Lana 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2006,4(3):184-187
Appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumour in dogs, and the prognosis with standard of care therapy of amputation and adjunctive chemotherapy is generally poor, with median survival times of 1 year. The ability of neoplastic cells to maintain their telomere length, by either telomerase activity or alternate methods, is an important step in tumour development and malignancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of telomerase activity in canine OSA. To evaluate the frequency of alternative lengthening of telomeres in canine OSA, we have used the telomeric repeat amplification protocol in five canine cell lines and in six samples taken from clinical patients at the time of amputation. Our results reveal the presence of telomerase activity in 100% of canine OSA cell lines and 83% of clinical samples evaluated. This is in contrast to human OSA where 25–40% expression levels of telomerase are reported. Importantly, our results not only suggest that canine OSA may serve as a good model for aggressive telomerase‐positive forms of human OSA but also that antitelomerase therapy strategies for treatment of canine OSA may be more successful than in the treatment of majority of human patients with OSA. 相似文献
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Yazawa M Okuda M Setoguchi A Nishimura R Sasaki N Hasegawa A Watari T Tsujimoto H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(10):1125-1129
Telomeres are specific structures present at the end of liner chromosomes. DNA polymerase can not synthesize the end of liner DNA and, as a result, the telomeres become progressively shortened by successive cell divisions. To overcome the end replication problem, telomerase adds new telomeric sequences to the end of chromosomal DNA. The enzyme activity is undetectable in most normal human adult somatic cells, in which shortening of the telomere is thought to limit the somatic-cell life span. In contrast to normal somatic cells, many human tumors possess telomerase activity. The present study looked at whether telomerase activity might serve as a marker for canine tumors. Telomerase activity was measured using the telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay. Normal dog somatic tissues showed little or no telomerase activity, while normal testis exhibited a high level of telomerase activity. We measured telomerase activity in tumor samples from 45 dogs; 21 mammary gland tumors, 16 tumors developed in the skin and oral cavity, 7 vascular tumors and 1 Sertoli cell tumor. Greater than 95% of the tumor samples contained telomerase activity (3-924 U/2 micrograms protein). The results obtained in this study indicated that telomerase should be a useful diagnostic marker for a variety of dog tumors, and it may serve as a target for antitumor chemotherapy. 相似文献
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马立克氏病(MD)是由马立克氏病毒(MDV)引起的鸡淋巴组织增生性传染病,对养禽业危害巨大。MDV线性基因组末端具有与宿主鸡序列相同的端粒重复序列(TMR),这些TMR有助于在潜伏期将MDV基因组整合到宿主端粒区,从而使病毒终生留在宿主体内。整合到宿主端粒对于MDV致病及诱导肿瘤发生至关重要,也能够有效地重新激活整合的病毒基因组。除TMR外,MDV还编码端粒酶RNA亚基(vTR),其与鸡基因组中端粒酶RNA(chTR)具有88%的序列相似性。vTR在病毒生命周期的所有阶段高度表达,增强端粒酶活性并在MDV诱导的肿瘤形成中起重要作用。文章重点介绍MDV基因组TMR序列和TR基因的最新研究进展。 相似文献