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1.
Treatment of Ionized Hypercalcemia in 12 Cats (2006–2008) Using PO‐Administered Alendronate 
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下载免费PDF全文 B.T. Hardy J.F. de Brito Galvao T.A. Green S.R. Braudaway S.P. DiBartola L. Lord D.J. Chew 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):200-206
Background
Long‐term treatment of cats with ionized hypercalcemia using alendronate has not been evaluated.Hypothesis/Objectives
Alendronate is well tolerated in treatment of ionized hypercalcemia in cats.Animals
A total of 12 cats with ionized hypercalcemia.Methods
Prospective study of 12 cats with ionized hypercalcemia of idiopathic origin was identified by telephone and email communication with a convenience sample of consulting veterinarians. Cats were treated with alendronate at a dose of 5–20 mg per feline PO q7d. Serum ionized calcium concentration (iCa) was measured before beginning treatment with alendronate, and after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment. Alendronate dosage was adjusted according to iCa. Evaluation included physical examination, CBC, biochemistry profile, and diagnostic imaging. The owners and referring veterinarians were questioned about any observed adverse effects. The Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed rank test was used to compare baseline iCa to iCa at different time periods.Results
Alendronate treatment resulted in a decrease in iCa in all 12 cats. The median percentage change in iCa was −13.2%, −15.9%, and −18.1% (range, −29.6 to +7.6; −30.5 to −1.9; −45.8 to +1.5%) at the 1, 3, and 6 month time points, respectively. Baseline iCa was significantly different from 1 month (P = .0042), 3 months (P = .0005), and 6 months (P = .0015). No adverse effects were reported for any of the cats.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Alendronate was well tolerated and decreased iCa in most cats for the 6‐month period of observation. 相似文献2.
J.J. Cooper S.J. Schatzberg K.M. Vernau B.A. Summers B.F. Porter S. Siso B.D. Young J.M. Levine 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):198-203
Background
Canine necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) is a fatal, noninfectious inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. NME has been reported only in a small number of dog breeds, which has led to the presumption that it is a breed‐restricted disorder.Hypothesis/Objectives
Our objective was to describe histopathologically confirmed NME in dog breeds in which the condition has not been reported previously and to provide preliminary evidence that NME affects a wider spectrum of dog breeds than previously reported.Animals
Four dogs with NME.Methods
Archives from 3 institutions and from 1 author''s (BS) collection were reviewed to identify histopathologically confirmed cases of NME in breeds in which the disease has not been reported previously. Age, sex, breed, survival from onset of clinical signs, and histopathologic findings were evaluated.Results
Necrotizing meningoencephalitis was identified in 4 small dog breeds (Papillon, Shih Tzu, Coton de Tulear, and Brussels Griffon). Median age at clinical evaluation was 2.5 years. Histopathologic abnormalities included 2 or more of the following: lymphoplasmacytic or histiocytic meningoencephalitis or encephalitis, moderate‐to‐severe cerebrocortical necrosis, variable involvement of other anatomic locations within the brain (cerebellum, brainstem), and absence of detectable infectious agents.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Until now, NME has only been described in 5 small dog breeds. We document an additional 4 small breeds previously not shown to develop NME. Our cases further illustrate that NME is not a breed‐restricted disorder and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for dogs with signalment and clinical signs consistent with inflammatory brain disease. 相似文献3.
Pulmonary Vein‐to‐Pulmonary Artery Ratio is an Echocardiographic Index of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A.‐C. Merveille G. Bolen E. Krafft E. Roels S. Gomart A.‐L. Etienne C. Clercx K. Mc Entee 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1502-1509
Background
Early recognition of left‐sided congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is important because it influences medical therapy, timing of follow‐up, and outcome.Hypothesis
Pulmonary vein diameter‐to‐pulmonary artery diameter ratio (PV/PA) measured by echocardiography can predict CHF.Animals
Ninety‐eight client‐owned dogs, 37 controls, and 61 dogs with DMVD.Methods
Prospective clinical cohort study. History, physical examination and Doppler‐echocardiography were performed. Dogs were classified as International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council class I, II or III. Congestive heart failure was identified in a subset of 56 dogs based on radiographic findings. The PV/PA was measured in bidimensional (2D) and M‐mode by 2 investigators blinded to the radiologists’ conclusions.Results
Interobserver coefficients of variation for PV/PA acquisition and measurement were <10%. The PV/PA in control dogs was approximately 1 and increased with class of heart failure. The presence of CHF could be best predicted by measuring PV/PA in 2D echocardiography (cut‐off, 1.7; area under the curve, 0.98; CI, 0.97–0.98; P < .001) with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 91%.Conclusion and clinical importance
The PV/PA is a simple and reproducible echocardiographic variable that increases with class of heart failure and may help discriminate dogs in CHF from asymptomatic dogs with DMVD. Additional studies are required to determine whether PV/PA might provide additional information in the integrated interpretation of Doppler‐echocardiographic indices of left ventricular filling pressures and could be used for rapid assessment of CHF in dogs in a critical care setting. 相似文献4.
The Clinical and Serological Effect of a Gluten‐Free Diet in Border Terriers with Epileptoid Cramping Syndrome 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M. Lowrie O.A. Garden M. Hadjivassiliou R.J. Harvey D.S. Sanders R. Powell L. Garosi 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1564-1568
Background
Canine epileptoid cramping syndrome (CECS) is a paroxysmal movement disorder of Border Terriers (BTs). These dogs might respond to a gluten‐free diet.Objectives
The objective of this study was to examine the clinical and serological effect of a gluten‐free diet in BTs with CECS.Animals
Six client‐owned BTs with clinically confirmed CECS.Methods
Dogs were prospectively recruited that had at least a 6‐month history of CECS based on the observed phenomenology (using video) and had exhibited at least 2 separate episodes on different days. Dogs were tested for anti‐transglutaminase 2 (TG2 IgA) and anti‐gliadin (AGA IgG) antibodies in the serum at presentation, and 3, 6, and 9 months after the introduction of a gluten‐free diet. Duodenal biopsies were performed in 1 dog.Results
Serum TG2 IgA titers were increased in 6/6 BTs (P = .006) and AGA IgG titers were increased in 5/6 BTs at presentation compared to those of controls (P = .018). After 9 months, there was clinical and serological improvement in all BTs with CECS strictly adhering to a gluten‐free diet (5/5). One dog had persistently increased antibody titers. This dog scavenged horse manure. On the strict introduction of a gluten‐free diet this dog also had an improved clinical and serological response. The diet‐associated improvement was reversible in 2 dogs on completion of the study, both of which suffered a relapse of CECS on the re‐introduction of gluten.Conclusions
Canine epileptoid cramping syndrome in BTs is a gluten‐sensitive movement disorder triggered and perpetuated by gluten and thus responsive to a gluten‐free diet. 相似文献5.
6.
K. Sjstrand G. Wess I. Ljungvall J. Hggstrm A‐C. Merveille M. Wiberg V. Gouni J. Lundgren Willesen S. Hans A‐S. Lequarr L. Mejer Srensen J. Wolf L. Tiret M. Kierczak S. Forsberg K. McEntee G. Battaille E. Seppl K. Lindblad‐Toh M. Georges Hannes Lohi V. Chetboul M. Fredholm K. Hglund 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):451-457
Background
Measurement of plasma concentration of natriuretic peptides (NPs) is suggested to be of value in diagnosis of cardiac disease in dogs, but many factors other than cardiac status may influence their concentrations. Dog breed potentially is 1 such factor.Objective
To investigate breed variation in plasma concentrations of pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide 31‐67 (proANP 31‐67) and N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in healthy dogs.Animals
535 healthy, privately owned dogs of 9 breeds were examined at 5 centers as part of the European Union (EU) LUPA project.Methods
Absence of cardiovascular disease or other clinically relevant organ‐related or systemic disease was ensured by thorough clinical investigation. Plasma concentrations of proANP 31‐67 and NT‐proBNP were measured by commercially available ELISA assays.Results
Overall significant breed differences were found in proANP 31‐67 (P < .0001) and NT‐proBNP (P < .0001) concentrations. Pair‐wise comparisons between breeds differed in approximately 50% of comparisons for proANP 31‐67 as well as NT‐proBNP concentrations, both when including all centers and within each center. Interquartile range was large for many breeds, especially for NT‐proBNP. Among included breeds, Labrador Retrievers and Newfoundlands had highest median NT‐proBNP concentrations with concentrations 3 times as high as those of Dachshunds. German Shepherds and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels had the highest median proANP 31‐67 concentrations, twice the median concentration in Doberman Pinschers.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Considerable interbreed variation in plasma NP concentrations was found in healthy dogs. Intrabreed variation was large in several breeds, especially for NT‐proBNP. Additional studies are needed to establish breed‐specific reference ranges. 相似文献7.
The Association of Endothelin‐1 Signaling with Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Expression and Protumorigenic Activities in Canine Osteosarcoma 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Z.L. Neumann H.C. Pondenis A. Masyr M.L. Byrum K.L. Wycislo T.M. Fan 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1584-1594
Background
Canine osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive sarcoma characterized by pathologic skeletal resorption and pulmonary metastases. A number of negative prognostic factors, including bone alkaline phosphatase, have been identified in dogs with OS, but the underlying biologic factors responsible for such observations have not been thoroughly investigated. Endothelin‐1‐mediated signaling is active during bone repair, and is responsible for osteoblast migration, survival, proliferation, and bone alkaline phosphatase expression.Hypothesis
The endothelin‐1 signaling axis is active in canine OS cells, and this pathway is utilized by malignant osteoblasts for promoting cellular migration, survival, proliferation, and bone alkaline phosphatase activities.Animals
45 dogs with appendicular OS.Methods
The expressions of endothelin‐1 and endothelin A receptor were studied in OS cell lines and in samples from spontaneously occurring tumors. Activities mediated by endothelin‐1 signaling were investigated by characterizing responses in 3 OS cell lines. In 45 dogs with OS, bone alkaline phosphatase concentrations were correlated with primary tumor osteoproductivity.Results
Canine OS cells express endothelin‐1 and endothelin A receptor, and this signaling axis mediates OS migration, survival, proliferation, and bone alkaline phosphatase activities. In OS‐bearing dogs, circulating bone alkaline phosphatase activities were positively correlated with primary tumor relative bone mineral densities.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Canine OS cells express endothelin‐1 and functional endothelin A receptors, with the potential for a protumorigenic signaling loop. Increases in bone alkaline phosphatase activity are associated with osteoblastic OS lesions, and might be an epiphenomenon of active endothelin‐1 signaling or excessive osteoproduction within the localized bone microenvironment. 相似文献8.
Serial Evaluation of Abdominal Fluid and Serum Amino‐terminal pro‐C‐type Natriuretic Peptide in Dogs with Septic Peritonitis 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 L.V.S. Guieu A.M.E. Bersenas M.K. Holowaychuk B.A. Brisson J.S. Weese 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(5):1300-1306
Background
Serum N‐terminal pro‐C‐natriuretic peptide (NT‐proCNP) has shown promise as a diagnostic biomarker for sepsis. Its sensitivity to detect dogs with septic peritonitis (SP) is reportedly low, perhaps attributable to the compartmentalization of NT‐proCNP in the abdominal cavity.Objectives
To evaluate the use of an ELISA for the measurement of NT‐proCNP in canine abdominal fluid and to describe the peri‐operative pattern of abdominal fluid and serum NT‐proCNP concentrations in dogs with SP.Animals
Five client‐owned dogs with nonseptic abdominal effusion of varying etiologies and 12 client‐owned dogs with SP undergoing abdominal surgery and placement of a closed‐suction abdominal drain (CSAD). Six dogs were included upon hospital admission; 6 were included the day after surgery.Methods
Prospective pilot study. A commercially available ELISA kit was analytically validated for use on canine abdominal fluid. The NT‐proCNP concentrations were measured in the abdominal fluid of control dogs, and in serum and abdominal fluid of dogs with SP from admission for CSAD removal.Results
In dogs with SP, admission abdominal fluid NT‐proCNP concentrations were lower than the concurrent serum concentrations (P = 0.031), and lower than control canine abdominal fluid concentrations (P = 0.015). Postoperatively, abdominal fluid NT‐proCNP concentrations remained lower than serum concentrations (P < 0.050), except on day 4.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The ELISA kit was able to measure NT‐proCNP in canine abdominal fluid. In dogs with SP, low serum NT‐proCNP concentrations cannot be explained by abdominal compartmentalization. 相似文献9.
Evaluation of the Cortisol‐to‐ACTH Ratio in Dogs with Hypoadrenocorticism,Dogs with Diseases Mimicking Hypoadrenocorticism and in Healthy Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 F.S. Boretti F. Meyer W.A. Burkhardt B. Riond R. Hofmann‐Lehmann C.E. Reusch N.S. Sieber‐Ruckstuhl 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(5):1335-1341
Background
The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test is the gold standard for diagnosing hypoadrenocorticism (HA) in dogs. However, problems with the availability of synthetic ACTH (tetracosactrin/cosyntropin) and increased costs have prompted the need for alternative methods.Objectives
To prospectively evaluate the cortisol‐to‐ACTH ratio (CAR) as a screening test for diagnosing canine HA.Animals
Twenty three dogs with newly diagnosed HA; 79 dogs with diseases mimicking HA; 30 healthy dogs.Methods
Plasma ACTH and baseline cortisol concentrations were measured before IV administration of 5 μg/kg ACTH in all dogs. CAR was calculated and the diagnostic performance of ACTH, baseline cortisol, CAR and sodium‐to‐potassium ratios (SPRs) was assessed based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves calculating the area under the ROC curve.Results
The CAR was significantly lower in dogs with HA compared to that in healthy dogs and in those with diseases mimicking HA (P < .0001). There was an overlap between HA dogs and those with HA mimicking diseases, but CAR still was the best parameter for diagnosing HA (ROC AUC 0.998), followed by the ACTH concentration (ROC AUC 0.97), baseline cortisol concentration (ROC AUC 0.96), and SPR (ROC AUC 0.86). With a CAR of >0.01 the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 99%, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Calculation of the CAR is a useful screening test for diagnosing primary HA. As a consequence of the observed overlap between the groups, however, misdiagnosis cannot be completely excluded. Moreover, additional studies are needed to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of CAR in more dogs with secondary HA. 相似文献10.
S. Fuchs S. Reese A. Hirschmann C. Coester G. Winter H. Gehlen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):286-293
Background
Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), an asthma‐like disease, is 1 of the most common allergic diseases in horses in the northern hemisphere. Hypersensitivity reactions to environmental antigens cause an allergic inflammatory response in the equine airways. Cytosine‐phosphate‐guanosine‐oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG‐ODN) are known to direct the immune system toward a Th1‐pathway, and away from the pro‐allergic Th2‐line (Th2/Th1‐shift). Gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) are biocompatible and biodegradable immunological inert drug delivery systems that protect CpG‐ODN against nuclease degeneration. Preliminary studies on the inhalation of GNP‐bound CpG‐ODN in RAO‐affected horses have shown promising results.Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and immunological effects of GNP‐bound CpG‐ODN in a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, prospective, randomized clinical trial and to verify a sustained effect post‐treatment.Animals and Methods
Twenty‐four RAO‐affected horses received 1 inhalation every 2 days for 5 consecutive administrations. Horses were examined for clinical, endoscopic, cytological, and blood biochemical variables before the inhalation regimen (I), immediately afterwards (II), and 4 weeks post‐treatment (III).Results
At time points I and II, administration of treatment rather than placebo corresponded to a statistically significant decrease in respiratory effort, nasal discharge, tracheal secretion, and viscosity, AaDO 2 and neutrophil percentage, and an increase in arterial oxygen pressure.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Administration of a GNP‐bound CpG‐ODN formulation caused a potent and persistent effect on allergic and inflammatory‐induced clinical variables in RAO‐affected horses. This treatment, therefore, provides an innovative, promising, and well‐tolerated strategy beyond conventional symptomatic long‐term therapy and could serve as a model for asthma treatment in humans. 相似文献11.
Relationship between Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor‐23 Concentration and Survival Time in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 R.F. Geddes J. Elliott H.M. Syme 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1494-1501
Background
Fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are commonly increased in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both are predictors of survival time in human patients, but these relationships have not previously been examined in the cat.Objectives
To investigate the relationship between plasma FGF‐23 and PTH concentrations at diagnosis of CKD in cats with survival time and with disease progression over 12 months.Animals
214 azotemic, client‐owned cats (≥9 years).Methods
Retrospective study: Biochemical and urinary variables at diagnosis of azotemic CKD, including plasma FGF‐23 and PTH concentrations were assessed as predictors of survival time (all‐cause mortality) using Cox regression, and as predictors of CKD progression over 12 months using logistic regression.Results
In the final multivariable Cox regression model, survival was negatively associated with plasma creatinine (P = .002) and FGF‐23 concentrations (P = .014), urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (P < .001) and age (P < .001). Survival was positively associated with PCV (P = .004). In the final multivariable logistic regression model, independent predictors of CKD progression included logFGF‐23 and age. Neither plasma phosphate nor PTH was found to be an independent predictor of survival time or of CKD progression.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Plasma FGF‐23 concentration is a novel prognostic indicator in cats with CKD, independent of other factors including plasma creatinine and phosphate concentrations. Further work is required to assess if FGF‐23 contributes directly to CKD progression, but regardless these findings may make FGF‐23 a useful biomarker for predicting poorer outcomes in cats with CKD. 相似文献12.
J.E. Tomlinson E. Taberner R.C. Boston S.D. Owens R.D. Nolen‐Walston 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1683-1688
Background
There is a markedly reduced half‐life of transfused RBCs when donor and recipient cats or humans are cross‐match incompatible. Only 10–20% of horses have naturally occurring alloantibodies. Therefore, cross‐match testing before blood transfusion is not always performed.Hypothesis
Cross‐match incompatibility predicts shortened RBC survival time as compared to that of compatible or autologous blood.Animals
Twenty healthy adult horses.Methods
Prospective trial. Blood type, anti‐RBC antibody screen (before and 1 month after transfusion) and major and minor cross‐match determined 10 donor‐recipient pairs. Two pairs were cross‐match compatible, the remainder incompatible. Donor blood (4 L) was collected into citrate phosphate dextrose adenine‐1, labeled with NHS‐biotin, and transfused into recipients. Samples were collected at 1 hour and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after transfusion, and biotinylated RBCs were detected by flow cytometry. Horses were monitored for transfusion reaction during transfusion and daily for 5 days.Results
Cross‐match incompatibility was significantly associated with decreased RBC survival time (P < .001). The half‐life of transfused incompatible (cross‐match >1+) allogenic equine RBCs was 4.7 (95% CI, 3.2–6.2) days versus 33.5 (24–43) days for compatible pairings. Cross‐match incompatibility was associated with acute febrile transfusion reaction (P = .0083). At day 30, only 1 horse had developed novel anti‐RBC antibodies.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Cross‐match incompatibility was predictive of febrile transfusion reaction and shortened transfused RBC survival, but did not result in production of anti‐RBC antibodies at 30 days. Cross‐match testing before transfusion is recommended. 相似文献13.
Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin in Dogs With Sepsis Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy: A Prospective Case–Control Study 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 S. Cortellini L. Pelligand H. Syme Y.M. Chang S. Adamantos 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1595-1602
Background
Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an early indicator of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs and its use has not been evaluated in dogs with sepsis.Animals
Fifteen dogs with sepsis requiring laparotomy (study dogs) and 10 dogs undergoing surgery for intervertebral disc disease (control dogs).Objective
To determine whether NGAL increases in dogs with sepsis undergoing emergency laparotomy and whether it is correlated with development of AKI and survival.Methods
Longitudinal study conducted at a referral teaching hospital. Serum neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (sNGAL), urinary NGAL normalized to urinary creatinine concentration (UNCR), and serum creatinine concentration were measured at 4 time points (admission, after anesthesia, and 24 and 48 hours postsurgery). Development of AKI (increase in serum creatinine concentration of 0.3 mg/dL) and in‐hospital mortality were recorded. Linear mixed‐model analysis was employed to assess differences between groups over time. Mann–Whitney U‐test was performed for comparison of continuous variables between groups and Chi square or Fisher''s exact tests were used to assess correlation between discrete data.Results
Serum NGAL and UNCR were significantly higher in study dogs across all time points (P = .007 and P < .001, respectively) compared with controls. Urinary NGAL normalized to creatinine in the study group was not significantly different between survivors (n = 12) and nonsurvivors (n = 3). Dogs that received hydroxyethyl starch had significantly higher UNCR across all time points (P = .04) than those that did not.Discussion—Conclusion
Serum neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and UNCR are increased in dogs with sepsis requiring emergency laparotomy. Additional studies are needed to evaluate its role as a marker of AKI in this population. 相似文献14.
Secretoglobin and Transferrin Expression in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Horses with Chronic Respiratory Disease 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M. Miskovic Feutz L.L. Couetil C.P. Riley X. Zhang J. Adamec R.E. Raskin 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1692-1699
Background
Lower expression of secretoglobin and transferrin has been found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of a small number of horses with experimentally induced signs of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) compared to healthy controls.Hypothesis/Objectives
Secretoglobin and transferrin BALF expression will be similarly decreased in horses with naturally occurring clinical signs of RAO and in horses with experimentally induced clinical signs of RAO as compared to healthy controls and intermediate in horses with inflammatory airway disease (IAD).Animals
Recurrent airway obstruction‐affected and control horses were subjected to an experimental hay exposure trial to induce signs of RAO. Client‐owned horses with a presumptive diagnosis of RAO and controls from the same stable environments were recruited.Methods
Pulmonary function and BALF were evaluated from control and RAO‐affected research horses during an experimental hay exposure trial (n = 5 in each group) and from client‐owned horses (RAO‐affected horses, n = 17; IAD‐affected horses, n = 19; healthy controls, n = 5). The concentrations of secretoglobin and transferrin in BALF were assessed using Western blots.Results
Naturally occurring and experimentally induced RAO horses had similar decreases in BALF transferrin expression, but secretoglobin expression was most decreased in naturally occurring RAO. Secretoglobin and transferrin expression were both lower in BALF of RAO‐affected horses than in IAD‐affected and control horses.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Secretoglobin and transferrin expression is decreased in BALF of RAO‐affected horses after both experimental and natural exposure. Secretoglobin and transferrin likely play clinically relevant roles in the pathophysiology of RAO, and may thus be used as biomarkers of the disease. 相似文献15.
Atlanto‐Axial Malformation and Instability in Dogs with Pituitary Dwarfism due to an LHX3 Mutation 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A.M.W.Y. Voorbij B.P. Meij L.W.L. van Bruggen G.C.M. Grinwis Q.E.M. Stassen H.S. Kooistra 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):207-213
Background
Canine pituitary dwarfism or combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) in shepherd dogs is associated with an LHX3 mutation and can lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations. Some dogs with CPHD have neurological signs that are localized to the cervical spine. In human CPHD, caused by an LHX3 mutation, anatomical abnormalities in the atlanto‐axial (C1‐C2) joint have been described.Objectives
To evaluate the presence of atlanto‐axial malformations in dogs with pituitary dwarfism associated with an LHX3 mutation and to investigate the degree of similarity between the atlanto‐axial anomalies found in canine and human CPHD patients with an LHX3 mutation.Animals
Three client‐owned Czechoslovakian wolfdogs and 1 client‐owned German shepherd dog, previously diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism caused by an LHX3 mutation, with neurological signs indicating a cervical spinal disorder.Methods
Radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial neck and skull, necropsy, and histology.Results
Diagnostic imaging identified abnormal positioning of the dens axis and incomplete ossification of the suture lines between the ossification centers of the atlas with concurrent atlanto‐axial instability and dynamic compression of the spinal cord by the dens axis. The malformations and aberrant motion at C1–C2 were confirmed at necropsy and histology.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The atlanto‐axial abnormalities of the dwarf dogs resemble those encountered in human CPHD patients with an LHX3 mutation. These findings suggest an association between the LHX3 mutation in dogs with CPHD and atlanto‐axial malformations. Consequently, pituitary dwarfs should be monitored closely for neurological signs. 相似文献16.
Pulse‐Administered Toceranib Phosphate Plus Lomustine for Treatment of Unresectable Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 J.H. Burton R.O. Venable D.M. Vail L.E. Williams C.A. Clifford S.M. Axiak‐Bechtel A.C. Avery D.H. Thamm 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1098-1104
Background
Nonresectable mast cell tumors (MCT) in dogs remain a therapeutic challenge, and investigation of novel combination therapies is warranted. Intermittent administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy may effectively chemosensitize canine MCT while decreasing cost and adverse effects associated with either agent administered as monotherapy.Hypothesis/Objectives
The primary study objectives were to (1) identify the maximally tolerated dose (MTD), (2) determine the objective response rate (ORR) and (3) describe the adverse event profile of pulse‐administered toceranib phosphate (TOC) combined with lomustine.Animals
Forty‐seven client‐owned dogs with measurable MCT.Methods
Toceranib phosphate was given PO on days 1, 3 and 5 of a 21‐day cycle at a target dosage of 2.75 mg/kg. Lomustine was given PO on day 3 of each cycle at a starting dosage of 50 mg/m2. All dogs were concurrently treated with diphenhydramine, omeprazole, and prednisone.Results
The MTD of lomustine was established at 50 mg/m2 when combined with pulse‐administered TOC; the dose‐limiting toxicity was neutropenia. Forty‐one dogs treated at the MTD were evaluable for outcome assessment. The ORR was 46% (4 complete response, 15 partial response) and the overall median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 53 days (1 to >752 days). On multivariate analysis, variables significantly associated with improved PFS included response to treatment, absence of metastasis, and no previous chemotherapy.Conclusions and clinical importance
Combined treatment with pulse‐administered TOC and lomustine generally is well tolerated and may be a reasonable treatment option for dogs with unresectable or metastatic MCT. 相似文献17.
Comparison between Urine Protein: Creatinine Ratios of Samples Obtained from Dogs in Home and Hospital Settings 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M.E. Duffy A. Specht R.C. Hill 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1029-1035
Background
The urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) is used to quantify urine protein excretion and guide recommendations for monitoring and treatment of proteinuria.Hypothesis/Objectives
Home urine samples will have lower UPCs than hospital samples. The objectives were to compare UPCs of samples collected in each setting and to determine whether environment of sample collection might affect staging, monitoring or treatment recommendations.Animals
Twenty‐four client‐owned dogs.Methods
Prospective, nonmasked study. Clients collected a urine sample from their dog at home and a second sample was collected at the hospital. Dogs receiving corticosteroids or angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors were excluded, as were those with urine samples of inadequate volume, no protein on dipstick analysis, or active urine sediment. Samples were refrigerated after collection, dipstick and sediment evaluations were completed and each sample was frozen at −80°C within 12 hours. UPCs were performed on frozen samples within 2 months.Results
From 81 paired samples, 57 were excluded. Of the remaining 24, 12/24 (50%) had higher hospital sample UPCs, 9/24 (38%) had identical UPCs, and 3/24 (12%) had lower hospital UPCs. The UPCs of hospital samples were higher than home samples for the total population (P = .005) and the subset with UPC > 0.5 (P = .001).Conclusions
Setting and related circumstances of urine collection in dogs is associated with UPC differences; results are usually higher in hospital than in home samples. This difference has the potential to affect clinical interpretation. 相似文献18.
Predicting Outcome in dogs with Primary Immune‐Mediated Hemolytic Anemia: Results of a Multicenter Case Registry 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 R. Goggs S.G. Dennis D.L. Chan 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1603-1610
Background
Outcome prediction in dogs with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is challenging and few prognostic indicators have been consistently identified.Objectives
An online case registry was initiated to: prospectively survey canine IMHA presentation and management in the British Isles; evaluate 2 previously reported illness severity scores, Canine Hemolytic Anemia Score (CHAOS) and Tokyo and to identify independent prognostic markers.Animals
Data from 276 dogs with primary IMHA across 10 referral centers were collected between 2008 and 2012.Methods
Outcome prediction by previously reported illness‐severity scores was tested using univariate logistic regression. Independent predictors of death in hospital or by 30‐days after admission were identified using multivariable logistic regression.Results
Purebreds represented 89.1% dogs (n = 246). Immunosuppressive medications were administered to 88.4% dogs (n = 244), 76.1% (n = 210) received antithrombotics and 74.3% (n = 205) received packed red blood cells. Seventy‐four per cent of dogs (n = 205) were discharged from hospital and 67.7% (n = 187) were alive 30‐days after admission. Two dogs were lost to follow‐up at 30‐days. In univariate analyses CHAOS was associated with death in hospital and death within 30‐days. Tokyo score was not associated with either outcome measure. A model containing SIRS‐classification, ASA classification, ALT, bilirubin, urea and creatinine predicting outcome at discharge was accurate in 82% of cases. ASA classification, bilirubin, urea and creatinine were independently associated with death in hospital or by 30‐days.Conclusions and clinical importance
Markers of kidney function, bilirubin concentration and ASA classification are independently associated with outcome in dogs with IMHA. Validation of this score in an unrelated population is now warranted. 相似文献19.
Abdominal Ultrasound Examination Findings in 534 Hyperthyroid Cats Referred for Radioiodine Treatment Between 2007–2010 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 L.K. Nussbaum T.D. Scavelli D.M. Scavelli J. Pintar A.K. Henderson J.A. DeMarco S. Worwag R.P. Bastian H.S. Kittner 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1069-1073
Background
The prevalence of concurrent disease in hyperthyroid cats is unknown.Objectives
To identify the prevalence of concurrent intra‐abdominal disease using abdominal ultrasound examination (AUS) in hyperthyroid cats referred for radioactive iodine treatment (RIT) and to determine whether the requirement for pretreatment AUS is justified.Animals
Five hundred and thirty‐four client‐owned cats diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and referred for RIT.Methods
Retrospective study. Age, breed, sex, body weight, clinical signs, total serum T4 concentration, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, serum creatinine concentration, urine specific gravity (USG), AUS results, and biopsy or cytology results, or both (if obtained) were collected from the medical records.Results
The prevalence of concurrent disease identified using AUS in hyperthyroid cats referred for RIT was 36.1%; 22.8% of the cats in the study had renal disease and 2.4% had confirmed neoplasia. Significant differences in median USG (P value 0.032) and median BUN (P value 0.028) were found between cats that had abnormal kidneys on AUS compared to those with normal‐appearing kidneys. Only 2.2% of the cats were not treated with RIT as a result of changes identified on AUS and subsequently obtained cytology or biopsy results.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The results indicate that pretreatment AUS in hyperthyroid cats referred for RIT is unnecessary in most patients. 相似文献20.
Relationship of Plasma N‐terminal Pro‐brain Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations to Heart Failure Classification and Cause of Respiratory Distress in Dogs Using a 2nd Generation ELISA Assay 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 P.R. Fox M.A. Oyama M.J. Hezzell J.E. Rush T.P. Nguyenba T.C. DeFrancesco L.B. Lehmkuhl H.B. Kellihan B. Bulmer S.G. Gordon S.M. Cunningham J. MacGregor R.L. Stepien B. Lefbom D. Adin K. Lamb 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):171-179