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1.
I.P. Herring D.L. Panciera S.R. Werre 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):488-495
Background
The prevalence and progression of vascular complications of spontaneous diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs have not been described.Objectives
To investigate the effects of duration of disease, as estimated by time since DM diagnosis, and glycemic control on prevalence of systemic hypertension, proteinuria, and diabetic retinopathy in dogs with spontaneous DM.Animals
Seventeen client‐owned dogs with spontaneous DM.Methods
Prospective, longitudinal observational study. Dogs with DM of less than 1 year''s duration were recruited and evaluated once every 6 months for 24 months. Recorded measures included indirect BP, urine albumin, protein and creatinine concentrations, serial blood glucose and serum fructosamine concentrations, ophthalmic examination, and a standardized behavioral questionnaire.Results
Eleven dogs completed the 2‐year follow‐up period, during which the highest recorded prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension was 55 and 64%, respectively. Prevalence of microalbuminuria and elevated urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) ranged up to 73 and 55%, respectively. Prevalence of retinopathy ranged up to 20%. No significant effect of time since DM diagnosis or glycemic control was detected for any of the measures examined. Additionally, no significant associations between BP, urine albumin concentration, UPC and retinopathy were detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
With the exception of proteinuria, which was substantial in some cases, clinically deleterious diabetic vascular complications were not identified in dogs in this study. 相似文献2.
Predicting Outcome in dogs with Primary Immune‐Mediated Hemolytic Anemia: Results of a Multicenter Case Registry 
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下载免费PDF全文 R. Goggs S.G. Dennis D.L. Chan 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1603-1610
Background
Outcome prediction in dogs with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is challenging and few prognostic indicators have been consistently identified.Objectives
An online case registry was initiated to: prospectively survey canine IMHA presentation and management in the British Isles; evaluate 2 previously reported illness severity scores, Canine Hemolytic Anemia Score (CHAOS) and Tokyo and to identify independent prognostic markers.Animals
Data from 276 dogs with primary IMHA across 10 referral centers were collected between 2008 and 2012.Methods
Outcome prediction by previously reported illness‐severity scores was tested using univariate logistic regression. Independent predictors of death in hospital or by 30‐days after admission were identified using multivariable logistic regression.Results
Purebreds represented 89.1% dogs (n = 246). Immunosuppressive medications were administered to 88.4% dogs (n = 244), 76.1% (n = 210) received antithrombotics and 74.3% (n = 205) received packed red blood cells. Seventy‐four per cent of dogs (n = 205) were discharged from hospital and 67.7% (n = 187) were alive 30‐days after admission. Two dogs were lost to follow‐up at 30‐days. In univariate analyses CHAOS was associated with death in hospital and death within 30‐days. Tokyo score was not associated with either outcome measure. A model containing SIRS‐classification, ASA classification, ALT, bilirubin, urea and creatinine predicting outcome at discharge was accurate in 82% of cases. ASA classification, bilirubin, urea and creatinine were independently associated with death in hospital or by 30‐days.Conclusions and clinical importance
Markers of kidney function, bilirubin concentration and ASA classification are independently associated with outcome in dogs with IMHA. Validation of this score in an unrelated population is now warranted. 相似文献3.
Pulmonary Vein‐to‐Pulmonary Artery Ratio is an Echocardiographic Index of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A.‐C. Merveille G. Bolen E. Krafft E. Roels S. Gomart A.‐L. Etienne C. Clercx K. Mc Entee 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1502-1509
Background
Early recognition of left‐sided congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is important because it influences medical therapy, timing of follow‐up, and outcome.Hypothesis
Pulmonary vein diameter‐to‐pulmonary artery diameter ratio (PV/PA) measured by echocardiography can predict CHF.Animals
Ninety‐eight client‐owned dogs, 37 controls, and 61 dogs with DMVD.Methods
Prospective clinical cohort study. History, physical examination and Doppler‐echocardiography were performed. Dogs were classified as International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council class I, II or III. Congestive heart failure was identified in a subset of 56 dogs based on radiographic findings. The PV/PA was measured in bidimensional (2D) and M‐mode by 2 investigators blinded to the radiologists’ conclusions.Results
Interobserver coefficients of variation for PV/PA acquisition and measurement were <10%. The PV/PA in control dogs was approximately 1 and increased with class of heart failure. The presence of CHF could be best predicted by measuring PV/PA in 2D echocardiography (cut‐off, 1.7; area under the curve, 0.98; CI, 0.97–0.98; P < .001) with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 91%.Conclusion and clinical importance
The PV/PA is a simple and reproducible echocardiographic variable that increases with class of heart failure and may help discriminate dogs in CHF from asymptomatic dogs with DMVD. Additional studies are required to determine whether PV/PA might provide additional information in the integrated interpretation of Doppler‐echocardiographic indices of left ventricular filling pressures and could be used for rapid assessment of CHF in dogs in a critical care setting. 相似文献4.
Serial Evaluation of Abdominal Fluid and Serum Amino‐terminal pro‐C‐type Natriuretic Peptide in Dogs with Septic Peritonitis 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 L.V.S. Guieu A.M.E. Bersenas M.K. Holowaychuk B.A. Brisson J.S. Weese 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(5):1300-1306
Background
Serum N‐terminal pro‐C‐natriuretic peptide (NT‐proCNP) has shown promise as a diagnostic biomarker for sepsis. Its sensitivity to detect dogs with septic peritonitis (SP) is reportedly low, perhaps attributable to the compartmentalization of NT‐proCNP in the abdominal cavity.Objectives
To evaluate the use of an ELISA for the measurement of NT‐proCNP in canine abdominal fluid and to describe the peri‐operative pattern of abdominal fluid and serum NT‐proCNP concentrations in dogs with SP.Animals
Five client‐owned dogs with nonseptic abdominal effusion of varying etiologies and 12 client‐owned dogs with SP undergoing abdominal surgery and placement of a closed‐suction abdominal drain (CSAD). Six dogs were included upon hospital admission; 6 were included the day after surgery.Methods
Prospective pilot study. A commercially available ELISA kit was analytically validated for use on canine abdominal fluid. The NT‐proCNP concentrations were measured in the abdominal fluid of control dogs, and in serum and abdominal fluid of dogs with SP from admission for CSAD removal.Results
In dogs with SP, admission abdominal fluid NT‐proCNP concentrations were lower than the concurrent serum concentrations (P = 0.031), and lower than control canine abdominal fluid concentrations (P = 0.015). Postoperatively, abdominal fluid NT‐proCNP concentrations remained lower than serum concentrations (P < 0.050), except on day 4.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The ELISA kit was able to measure NT‐proCNP in canine abdominal fluid. In dogs with SP, low serum NT‐proCNP concentrations cannot be explained by abdominal compartmentalization. 相似文献5.
Atlanto‐Axial Malformation and Instability in Dogs with Pituitary Dwarfism due to an LHX3 Mutation 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A.M.W.Y. Voorbij B.P. Meij L.W.L. van Bruggen G.C.M. Grinwis Q.E.M. Stassen H.S. Kooistra 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):207-213
Background
Canine pituitary dwarfism or combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) in shepherd dogs is associated with an LHX3 mutation and can lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations. Some dogs with CPHD have neurological signs that are localized to the cervical spine. In human CPHD, caused by an LHX3 mutation, anatomical abnormalities in the atlanto‐axial (C1‐C2) joint have been described.Objectives
To evaluate the presence of atlanto‐axial malformations in dogs with pituitary dwarfism associated with an LHX3 mutation and to investigate the degree of similarity between the atlanto‐axial anomalies found in canine and human CPHD patients with an LHX3 mutation.Animals
Three client‐owned Czechoslovakian wolfdogs and 1 client‐owned German shepherd dog, previously diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism caused by an LHX3 mutation, with neurological signs indicating a cervical spinal disorder.Methods
Radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial neck and skull, necropsy, and histology.Results
Diagnostic imaging identified abnormal positioning of the dens axis and incomplete ossification of the suture lines between the ossification centers of the atlas with concurrent atlanto‐axial instability and dynamic compression of the spinal cord by the dens axis. The malformations and aberrant motion at C1–C2 were confirmed at necropsy and histology.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The atlanto‐axial abnormalities of the dwarf dogs resemble those encountered in human CPHD patients with an LHX3 mutation. These findings suggest an association between the LHX3 mutation in dogs with CPHD and atlanto‐axial malformations. Consequently, pituitary dwarfs should be monitored closely for neurological signs. 相似文献6.
Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin in Dogs With Sepsis Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy: A Prospective Case–Control Study 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 S. Cortellini L. Pelligand H. Syme Y.M. Chang S. Adamantos 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1595-1602
Background
Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an early indicator of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs and its use has not been evaluated in dogs with sepsis.Animals
Fifteen dogs with sepsis requiring laparotomy (study dogs) and 10 dogs undergoing surgery for intervertebral disc disease (control dogs).Objective
To determine whether NGAL increases in dogs with sepsis undergoing emergency laparotomy and whether it is correlated with development of AKI and survival.Methods
Longitudinal study conducted at a referral teaching hospital. Serum neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (sNGAL), urinary NGAL normalized to urinary creatinine concentration (UNCR), and serum creatinine concentration were measured at 4 time points (admission, after anesthesia, and 24 and 48 hours postsurgery). Development of AKI (increase in serum creatinine concentration of 0.3 mg/dL) and in‐hospital mortality were recorded. Linear mixed‐model analysis was employed to assess differences between groups over time. Mann–Whitney U‐test was performed for comparison of continuous variables between groups and Chi square or Fisher''s exact tests were used to assess correlation between discrete data.Results
Serum NGAL and UNCR were significantly higher in study dogs across all time points (P = .007 and P < .001, respectively) compared with controls. Urinary NGAL normalized to creatinine in the study group was not significantly different between survivors (n = 12) and nonsurvivors (n = 3). Dogs that received hydroxyethyl starch had significantly higher UNCR across all time points (P = .04) than those that did not.Discussion—Conclusion
Serum neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and UNCR are increased in dogs with sepsis requiring emergency laparotomy. Additional studies are needed to evaluate its role as a marker of AKI in this population. 相似文献7.
K.S. Woods A.M.N. Defarges A.C.G. Abrams‐Ogg L. Viel B.A. Brisson D. Bienzle 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1398-1404
Background
Different aspiration techniques to retrieve bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) affect sample quality in healthy dogs. Studies evaluating these techniques in dogs with respiratory disease are lacking.Objectives
To compare sample quality of BALF acquired by manual aspiration (MA) and suction pump aspiration (SPA).Animals
Eighteen client‐owned dogs with respiratory disease.Methods
Randomized, blinded prospective clinical trial. Manual aspiration was performed with a 35‐mL syringe attached directly to the bronchoscope biopsy channel and SPA was performed with a maximum of 50 mmHg negative pressure applied to the bronchoscope suction valve using the suction trap connection. Both aspiration techniques were performed in each dog on contralateral lung lobes, utilizing 2 mL/kg lavage volumes per site. Samples of BALF were analyzed by percentage of retrieved infusate, total nucleated cell count (TNCC), differential cell count, semiquantitative assessment of slide quality, and diagnosis score. Data were compared by paired Student''s t‐test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, chi‐squared test, and ANOVA. Cohen''s kappa coefficient was used to assess agreement.Results
The percentage of retrieved BALF (P = .001) was significantly higher for SPA than MA. Substantial agreement was found between cytologic classification of BALF obtained with MA and SPA (kappa = 0.615). There was no significant difference in rate of definitive diagnosis achieved with cytologic assessment between techniques (P = .78).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Suction pump aspiration, compared to MA, improved BALF retrieval, but did not significantly affect the rate of diagnostic success of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in dogs with pulmonary disease. 相似文献8.
M.K. Tolbert A. Odunayo R.S. Howell E.E. Peters A. Reed 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):556-560
Background
Short‐term intravenous co‐administration of famotidine and pantoprazole is used by some veterinarians to treat gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill dogs. However, clinical studies have not evaluated the efficacy of combination acid suppressant treatment in dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
To compare the effect of intravenous co‐administration of famotidine and pantoprazole to monotherapy with pantoprazole on intragastric pH in dogs. We hypothesized that single agent pantoprazole would be more effective than combination with famotidine.Animals
Twelve healthy adult colony dogs.Methods
Randomized, 2‐way crossover design. All dogs received placebo (0.9% saline) for 24 hours followed by 1.0 mg/kg IV q12h pantoprazole or combination treatment with famotidine and pantoprazole for 3 consecutive days. Intragastric pH monitoring was used to continuously record intragastric pH for 96 hours beginning on day 0 of treatment. Mean percentage time (MPT) that intragastric pH was ≥3 and ≥4 were compared between groups using ANOVA with a posthoc Tukey‐Kramer test (α = 0.017).Results
The MPT ± standard deviation intragastric pH was greater than ≥3 and 4 were 79 ± 17% and 68 ± 17% for pantoprazole and 74 ± 19% and 64 ± 23% for combination treatment, respectively. There were no significant differences in MPT intragastric pH was ≥3 and 4 between groups. Pantoprazole administered alone achieved pH goals established for humans with acid‐related disorders.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
These results suggest that short‐term combination treatment with famotidine and pantoprazole is not superior to pantoprazole alone for increasing intragastric pH in dogs. 相似文献9.
Clinical Features and Outcome of Dogs with Epiglottic Retroversion With or Without Surgical Treatment: 24 Cases 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 S.C. Skerrett J.K. McClaran P.R. Fox D. Palma 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1611-1618
Background
Published information describing the clinical features and outcome for dogs with epiglottic retroversion (ER) is limited.Hypothesis/Objectives
To describe clinical features, comorbidities, outcome of surgical versus medical treatment and long‐term follow‐up for dogs with ER. We hypothesized that dogs with ER would have upper airway comorbidities and that surgical management (epiglottopexy or subtotal epiglottectomy) would improve long‐term outcome compared to medical management alone.Animals
Twenty‐four client‐owned dogs.Methods
Retrospective review of medical records to identify dogs with ER that underwent surgical or medical management of ER.Results
Dogs with ER commonly were middle‐aged to older, small breed, spayed females with body condition score (BCS) ≥6/9. Stridor and dyspnea were the most common presenting signs. Concurrent or historical upper airway disorders were documented in 79.1% of cases. At last evaluation, 52.6% of dogs that underwent surgical management, and 60% of dogs that received medical management alone, had decreased severity of presenting clinical signs. In dogs that underwent surgical management for ER, the incidence of respiratory crisis decreased from 62.5% before surgery to 25% after surgical treatment. The overall calculated Kaplan–Meier median survival time was 875 days.Conclusion and clinical importance
Our study indicated that a long‐term survival of at least 2 years can be expected in dogs diagnosed with epiglottic retroversion. The necessity of surgical management cannot be determined based on this data, but dogs with no concurrent upper airway disorders may benefit from a permanent epiglottopexy to alleviate negative inspiratory pressures. 相似文献10.
Evaluation of the Cortisol‐to‐ACTH Ratio in Dogs with Hypoadrenocorticism,Dogs with Diseases Mimicking Hypoadrenocorticism and in Healthy Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 F.S. Boretti F. Meyer W.A. Burkhardt B. Riond R. Hofmann‐Lehmann C.E. Reusch N.S. Sieber‐Ruckstuhl 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(5):1335-1341
Background
The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test is the gold standard for diagnosing hypoadrenocorticism (HA) in dogs. However, problems with the availability of synthetic ACTH (tetracosactrin/cosyntropin) and increased costs have prompted the need for alternative methods.Objectives
To prospectively evaluate the cortisol‐to‐ACTH ratio (CAR) as a screening test for diagnosing canine HA.Animals
Twenty three dogs with newly diagnosed HA; 79 dogs with diseases mimicking HA; 30 healthy dogs.Methods
Plasma ACTH and baseline cortisol concentrations were measured before IV administration of 5 μg/kg ACTH in all dogs. CAR was calculated and the diagnostic performance of ACTH, baseline cortisol, CAR and sodium‐to‐potassium ratios (SPRs) was assessed based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves calculating the area under the ROC curve.Results
The CAR was significantly lower in dogs with HA compared to that in healthy dogs and in those with diseases mimicking HA (P < .0001). There was an overlap between HA dogs and those with HA mimicking diseases, but CAR still was the best parameter for diagnosing HA (ROC AUC 0.998), followed by the ACTH concentration (ROC AUC 0.97), baseline cortisol concentration (ROC AUC 0.96), and SPR (ROC AUC 0.86). With a CAR of >0.01 the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 99%, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Calculation of the CAR is a useful screening test for diagnosing primary HA. As a consequence of the observed overlap between the groups, however, misdiagnosis cannot be completely excluded. Moreover, additional studies are needed to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of CAR in more dogs with secondary HA. 相似文献11.
Relationship of Plasma N‐terminal Pro‐brain Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations to Heart Failure Classification and Cause of Respiratory Distress in Dogs Using a 2nd Generation ELISA Assay 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 P.R. Fox M.A. Oyama M.J. Hezzell J.E. Rush T.P. Nguyenba T.C. DeFrancesco L.B. Lehmkuhl H.B. Kellihan B. Bulmer S.G. Gordon S.M. Cunningham J. MacGregor R.L. Stepien B. Lefbom D. Adin K. Lamb 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):171-179
Background
Cardiac biomarkers provide objective data that augments clinical assessment of heart disease (HD).Hypothesis/Objectives
Determine the utility of plasma N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide concentration [NT‐proBNP] measured by a 2nd generation canine ELISA assay to discriminate cardiac from noncardiac respiratory distress and evaluate HD severity.Animals
Client‐owned dogs (n = 291).Methods
Multicenter, cross‐sectional, prospective investigation. Medical history, physical examination, echocardiography, and thoracic radiography classified 113 asymptomatic dogs (group 1, n = 39 without HD; group 2, n = 74 with HD), and 178 with respiratory distress (group 3, n = 104 respiratory disease, either with or without concurrent HD; group 4, n = 74 with congestive heart failure [CHF]). HD severity was graded using International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) and ACVIM Consensus (ACVIM‐HD) schemes without knowledge of [NT‐proBNP] results. Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis assessed the capacity of [NT‐proBNP] to discriminate between dogs with cardiac and noncardiac respiratory distress. Multivariate general linear models containing key clinical variables tested associations between [NT‐proBNP] and HD severity.Results
Plasma [NT‐proBNP] (median; IQR) was higher in CHF dogs (5,110; 2,769–8,466 pmol/L) compared to those with noncardiac respiratory distress (1,287; 672–2,704 pmol/L; P < .0001). A cut‐off >2,447 pmol/L discriminated CHF from noncardiac respiratory distress (81.1% sensitivity; 73.1% specificity; area under curve, 0.84). A multivariate model comprising left atrial to aortic ratio, heart rate, left ventricular diameter, end‐systole, and ACVIM‐HD scheme most accurately associated average plasma [NT‐proBNP] with HD severity.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Plasma [NT‐proBNP] was useful for discriminating CHF from noncardiac respiratory distress. Average plasma [NT‐BNP] increased significantly as a function of HD severity using the ACVIM‐HD classification scheme. 相似文献12.
S.J. Viitanen H.P. Laurila L.I. Lilja‐Maula M.A. Melamies M. Rantala M.M. Rajamki 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):84-91
Background
C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a major acute‐phase protein in dogs. Serum concentrations are low in healthy animals, but increase rapidly after inflammatory stimuli.Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate CRP concentrations in various respiratory diseases of dogs and to determine if CRP can be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis of bacterial respiratory diseases.Animals
A total of 106 privately owned dogs with respiratory diseases (17 with bacterial tracheobronchitis [BTB], 20 with chronic bronchitis [CB], 20 with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy [EBP], 12 with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [CIPF], 15 with cardiogenic pulmonary edema [CPE], and 22 with bacterial pneumonia [BP]) and 72 healthy controls.Methods
The study was conducted as a prospective cross‐sectional observational study. CRP was measured in serum samples. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic imaging, and selected diagnostic methods such as cytological and microbiological analysis of respiratory samples, echocardiography, and histopathology.Results
Dogs with BP had significantly higher CRP concentrations (median, 121 mg/L; interquartile range, 68–178 mg/L) than dogs with BTB (23, 15–38, P = .0003), CB (13, 8–14, P < .0001), EBP (5, 5–15, P < .0001), CIPF (17, 10–20, P < .0001), or CPE (19, 13–32, P < .0001) and healthy controls (14, 8–20, P < .0001). Dogs with BTB had significantly higher CRP concentrations than dogs with CB (P = .001) or EBP (P < .0001) and healthy controls (P = .029).Conclusion and Clinical Importance
These results indicate that CRP has potential for use as an additional biomarker, especially in the diagnostics of BP. 相似文献13.
P.R. Avery J. Burton J.L. Bromberek D.M. Seelig R. Elmslie S. Correa E.J. Ehrhart P.S. Morley A.C. Avery 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):538-546
Background
Canine T‐cell lymphoma (TCL) is conventionally considered an aggressive disease, but some forms are histologically and clinically indolent. CD4 TCL is reported to be the most common subtype of TCL. We assessed flow cytometric characteristics, histologic features when available, and clinical outcomes of CD4+ TCL to determine if flow cytometry can be used to subclassify this group of lymphomas.Objective
To test the hypothesis that canine CD4+ T‐cell lymphoma (TCL) is a homogeneous group of lymphomas with an aggressive clinical course.Animals
Sixty‐seven dogs diagnosed with CD4+ TCL by flow cytometry and treated at 1 of 3 oncology referral clinics.Methods
Retrospective multivariable analysis of outcome in canine CD4+ TCL including patient characteristics, treatment, and flow cytometric features.Results
The majority of CD4+ TCL were CD45+, expressed low class II MHC, and exhibited an aggressive clinical course independent of treatment regimen (median survival, 159 days). Histologically, CD4+ TCL were classified as lymphoblastic or peripheral T cell. Size of the neoplastic lymphocytes had a modest effect on both PFI and survival in this group. A small number of CD4+ TCL were CD45− and class II MHC high, and exhibited an apparently more indolent clinical course (median survival not yet reached).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Although the majority of CD4+ TCL in dogs had uniform clinical and flow cytometric features and an aggressive clinical course, a subset had a unique immunophenotype that predicts significantly longer survival. This finding strengthens the utility of flow cytometry to aid in the stratification of canine lymphoma. 相似文献14.
D.M. Budreckis B.A. Byrne R.E. Pollard R.B. Rebhun C.O. Rodriguez Jr K.A. Skorupski 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):828-833
Background
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are believed to be common in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), but incidence and contributing factors have not been reported.Objectives
To determine the frequency and bacterial agents associated with UTI in dogs with TCC and define contributing factors.Animals
Eighty‐five dogs with a history of urogenital TCC undergoing treatment with chemotherapy that had at least 1 urine culture performed.Methods
Medical records and culture results were retrospectively reviewed and ultrasound images were reviewed when available. Clinical factors were evaluated statistically for association with positive culture.Results
Fifty‐five percent (47/85) of dogs had at least 1 positive culture during the course of treatment. Female dogs (80%, 40/50) were more likely than male dogs (29%, 10/35) to have at least 1 positive culture. Ultrasound examination determined that female dogs were more likely to have urethral (74%, 31/42) or trigonal tumor involvement (71%, 30/42) compared to male dogs (32%, 9/28 and 43%, 12/28, respectively). The most commonly isolated organisms were Staphylococcus spp. (23.9%, 29/121) and Escherichia coli (19.8%, 24/121). Dogs with urethral involvement of TCC were significantly more likely to have at least 1 positive culture than dogs without urethral involvement (75%, 30/40 versus 30%, 9/30).Conclusions
Urinary tract infection is common in dogs with TCC highlighting the importance of regular monitoring for bacterial cystitis in dogs with TCC. In addition, clinical factors such as tumor location and sex may be predictive of positive culture and can help clinicians assess the risk of UTI. 相似文献15.
M.S. Tivers A.K. House K.C. Smith C.P.D. Wheeler‐Jones V.J. Lipscomb 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1424-1432
Background
Dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) have hypoplasia of the intrahepatic portal veins. Surgical CPSS attenuation results in the development of the intrahepatic portal vasculature, the precise mechanism for which is unknown, although new vessel formation by angiogenesis is suspected.Hypothesis
That the degree of portal vascular development and the increase in portal vascularization after CPSS attenuation is significantly associated with hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) gene expression and serum VEGF concentration.Animals
Client‐owned dogs with CPSS undergoing surgical treatment. Forty‐nine dogs were included in the gene expression data and 35 in the serum VEGF data.Materials and Methods
Dogs surgically treated by partial or complete CPSS attenuation were prospectively recruited. Relative gene expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 was measured in liver biopsy samples taken at initial and follow‐up surgery using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Serum VEGF concentration was measured before and after CPSS attenuation using a canine specific ELISA. Statistical significance was set at the 5% level (P ≤ .05).Results
There was a significant increase in the mRNA expression of VEGFR2 after partial attenuation (P = .006). Dogs that could tolerate complete attenuation had significantly greater VEGFR2 mRNA expression than those that only tolerated partial attenuation (P = .037). Serum VEGF concentration was significantly increased at 24 (P < .001) and 48 (P = .003) hours after attenuation.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
These findings suggest that intrahepatic angiogenesis is likely to occur after the surgical attenuation of CPSS in dogs, and contributes to the development of the intrahepatic vasculature postoperatively. 相似文献16.
Association of Gallbladder Mucocele Histologic Diagnosis with Selected Drug Use in Dogs: A Matched Case‐Control Study 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 J.L. Gookin M.T. Correa A. Peters A. Malueg K.G. Mathews J. Cullen G. Seiler 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1464-1472
Background
The cause of gallbladder mucocele (GBM) formation in dogs currently is unknown. Many available drugs represent a newer generation of xenobiotics that may predispose dogs to GBM formation.Objective
To determine if there is an association between the histologic diagnosis of GBM in dogs and administration of selected drugs.Animals
Eighty‐one dogs with a histologic diagnosis of GBM and 162 breed, age, and admission date‐matched control dogs from a single referral institution.Methods
Medical records of dogs with GBM and control dogs from 2001 to 2011 were reviewed. Owner verification of drug history was sought by a standard questionnaire. Reported use of heartworm, flea, and tick preventatives as well as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, analgesics, corticosteroids, or medications for treatment of osteoarthritis was recorded.Results
Dogs with GBM were 2.2 times as likely to have had reported use of thyroxine (as a proxy for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism) as control dogs (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.949–5.051), 3.6 times as likely to have had reported treatment for Cushing''s disease (95% CI, 1.228–10.612), and 2.3 times as likely to have had reported use of products containing imidacloprid (95% CI, 1.094–4.723). Analysis of a data subset containing only Shetland sheepdogs (23 GBM and 46 control) indicated that Shetland sheepdogs with GBM formation were 9.3 times as likely to have had reported use of imidacloprid as were control Shetland sheepdogs (95% CI, 1.103–78.239).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This study provides evidence for an association between selected drug use and GBM formation in dogs. A larger epidemiologic study of Shetland sheepdogs with GBM formation and exposure to imidacloprid is warranted. 相似文献17.
Urinary and Plasma Catecholamines and Metanephrines in Dogs with Pheochromocytoma,Hypercortisolism, Nonadrenal Disease and in Healthy Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 E. Salesov F.S. Boretti N.S. Sieber‐Ruckstuhl K.M. Rentsch B. Riond R. Hofmann‐Lehmann P.R. Kircher E. Grouzmann C.E. Reusch 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):597-602
Background
Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma (PC) is based on a combination of clinical suspicion, finding an adrenal mass, increased plasma, and urine concentrations of catecholamine metabolites and is finally confirmed with histopathology. In human medicine, it is controversial whether biochemically testing plasma is superior to testing urine.Objectives
To measure urinary and plasma catecholamines and metanephrines in healthy dogs, dogs with PC, hypercortisolism (HC), and nonadrenal diseases (NAD) and to determine the test with the best diagnostic performance for dogs with PC.Animals
Seven PC dogs, 10 dogs with HC, 14 dogs with NAD, 10 healthy dogs.Methods
Prospective diagnostic clinical study. Urine and heparin plasma samples were collected and stored at −80°C before analysis using high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrochemical detection or tandem mass spectrometry were performed. Urinary variables were expressed as ratios to urinary creatinine concentration.Results
Dogs with PC had significantly higher urinary normetanephrine and metanephrine : creatinine ratios and significantly higher plasma‐total and free normetanephrine and plasma‐free metanephrine concentrations compared to the 3 other groups. There were no overlapping results of urinary normetanephrine concentrations between PC and all other groups, and only one PC dog with a plasma normetanephrine concentration in the range of the dogs with HC and NAD disease. Performances of total and free plasma variables were similar. Overlap of epinephrine and norepinephrine results between the groups was large with both urine and plasma.Conclusion and clinical importance
Measurement of normetanephrine is the preferred biochemical test for PC and urine was superior to plasma. 相似文献18.
H. Okanishi R. Yoshioka Y. Kagawa T. Watari 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):809-817
Background
Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL), a type of protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE), is a dilatation of lymphatic vessels within the gastrointestinal tract. Dietary fat restriction previously has been proposed as an effective treatment for dogs with PLE, but limited objective clinical data are available on the efficacy of this treatment.Hypothesis/Objectives
To investigate the clinical efficacy of dietary fat restriction in dogs with IL that were unresponsive to prednisolone treatment or showed relapse of clinical signs and hypoalbuminemia when the prednisolone dosage was decreased.Animals
Twenty‐four dogs with IL.Methods
Retrospective study. Body weight, clinical activity score, and hematologic and biochemical variables were compared before and 1 and 2 months after treatment. Furthermore, the data were compared between the group fed only an ultra low‐fat (ULF) diet and the group fed ULF and a low‐fat (LF) diet.Results
Nineteen of 24 (79%) dogs responded satisfactorily to dietary fat restriction, and the prednisolone dosage could be decreased. Clinical activity score was significantly decreased after dietary treatment compared with before treatment. In addition, albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration were significantly increased after dietary fat restriction. At 2 months posttreatment, the ALB concentrations in the ULF group were significantly higher than that of the ULF + LF group.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Dietary fat restriction appears to be an effective treatment in dogs with IL that are unresponsive to prednisolone treatment or that have recurrent clinical signs and hypoalbuminemia when the dosage of prednisolone is decreased. 相似文献19.
Cognitive Function,Progression of Age‐related Behavioral Changes,Biomarkers, and Survival in Dogs More Than 8 Years Old 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 T. Schütt N. Toft M. Berendt 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1569-1577
Background
Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is an age‐dependent neurodegenerative condition dominated by changes in behavioral patterns. Cohort studies investigating cognitive status in dogs are lacking.Objectives
To investigate cognitive function, progression of age‐related behavioral changes, survival, and possible biomarkers of CCD in aged dogs.Animals
Fifty‐one dogs >8 years old; 21 with no cognitive deficits, 17 with mild cognitive impairments (MCI) and 13 with CCD.Methods
Longitudinal study. Recruitment period of 12 months and an observational period of 24 months including a baseline and 3 planned subsequent assessments. Cognitive status was determined using validated questionnaires. Plasma Aβ‐peptides were quantified using commercial ELISA assays and cytokines by a validated immunoassay.Results
Signs characterizing dogs with CCD were aimless wandering, staring into space, avoid getting patted, difficulty finding dropped food and anxiety. Thirty‐three percent of dogs with a normal cognitive status progressed to MCI and 22% classified as MCI progressed to CCD during the study period. For 6 dogs diagnosed with CCD, signs of cognitive dysfunction increased with time. A diagnosis of CCD did not affect survival. The level of plasma Aβ42 was significantly increased (P < .05) in the CCD group (92.8 ± 24.0 pg/mL) compared to the MCI (77.0 ± 12.3 pg/mL) and normal group (74.9 ± 10.0 pg/mL), but no significant differences in concentrations of systemic inflammatory markers were detected.Conclusions
Canine cognitive dysfunction is a progressive disorder with an individual variability in the rate of cognitive decline and clinical signs. Plasma Aβ42 seems to be an interesting plasma biomarker of CCD. 相似文献20.
T.R. Harcourt‐Brown J. Campbell C. Warren‐Smith N.D. Jeffery N.P. Granger 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):231-237