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1.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Serum Pancreatic Enzymes and Ultrasonographic Findings in Diabetic Cats Without Clinically Relevant Pancreatitis at Diagnosis 
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下载免费PDF全文 E. Zini M. Hafner P. Kook T.A. Lutz S. Ohlerth C.E. Reusch 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):589-596
Background
Cats with diabetes mellitus can have subclinical pancreatitis but prospective studies to confirm this are lacking. Metabolic control of diabetic cats with pancreatitis is difficult.Hypothesis
Subclinical pancreatitis occurs in diabetic cats at the time diabetes is diagnosed or might develop during the follow‐up period, hampering diabetic remission.Animals
Thirty cats with newly diagnosed diabetes without clinical signs of pancreatitis on admission.Methods
Prospective study. On admission and 2 and 6 months later, serum Spec fPL and DGGR‐lipase were measured and the pancreas underwent ultrasonographic examination. Pancreatitis was suspected if serum markers were increased or ≥2 ultrasonographic abnormalities were detected. Cats were treated with insulin glargine and diabetic remission was defined as euglycemia ≥4 weeks after discontinuation of insulin. Nonparametric statistical tests were used for analysis.Results
Subclinical pancreatitis at the time of diagnosis was suspected in 33, 50, and 31% of cats based on Spec fPL, DGGR‐lipase and ultrasonography, respectively; and in 60% when diagnostic criteria were combined. During the follow‐up period, suspected pancreatitis developed in additional 17–30% cats. Only 1 cat had transient clinical signs compatible with pancreatitis. Seventeen of the 30 cats (57%) achieved remission. Frequency of abnormal Spec fPL and DGGR‐lipase and abnormal ultrasonographic findings did not differ in cats achieving remission and those who did not. Cats achieving remission had significantly lower Spec fPL at 2 months (P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Based on laboratory and ultrasonographic measurements, many cats with diabetes might have pancreatitis, although without clinical signs. Cats with high Spec fPL might have a reduced chance of diabetic remission; however, this topic needs further studies in large cohorts of diabetic cats. 相似文献2.
Y. Ueda K. Hopper S.E. Epstein 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):801-807
Background
Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in human patients and is associated with substantial morbidity and death. The incidence and importance of hyponatremia in dogs and cats has not been determined.Hypothesis/Objectives
To describe the incidence of and prognosis associated with hyponatremia in dogs and cats at a university teaching hospital.Animals
Of 16,691 dogs and 4,211 cats with measured blood or serum sodium concentration.Methods
Retrospective study. Medical records of animals with a blood or serum sodium concentration measured during a 60‐month period were reviewed to determine the severity of hyponatremia and its associated fatality rate. Cases with moderate (11–15 mmol/L below the reference range) or severe hyponatremia (≥16 mmol/L below the reference range) were further reviewed.Results
Of 4,254 dogs (25.5%) and 2,081 cats (49.4%) were diagnosed with hyponatremia. Case fatality rates of dogs and cats with hyponatremia were 13.7% and 11.9%, respectively, compared to 4.4% and 4.5% with a normal blood or serum sodium concentration (P < 0.0001). The magnitude of hyponatremia was linearly associated with a higher case fatality rate (P < 0.0001). Hyponatremia was associated with a lower case fatality rate than hypernatremia in the same population. Among the animals with moderate or severe hyponatremia, 92.1% of dogs and 90.6% of cats presented with community‐acquired hyponatremia, and 7.9% of dogs and 9.4% of cats developed hospital‐acquired hyponatremia.Conclusions and clinical importance
Hyponatremia was found commonly in this population and was associated with increased case fatality rate. Presence and severity of hyponatremia might be useful as a prognostic indicator. 相似文献3.
Y. Ueda K. Hopper S.E. Epstein 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):794-800
Background
Hypernatremia has been associated with substantial morbidity and death in human patients. The incidence and importance of hypernatremia in dogs and cats has not been determined.Hypothesis/Objectives
To describe the incidence of and prognosis associated with hypernatremia in dogs and cats at a university teaching hospital.Animals
A total of 16,691 dogs and 4,211 cats with measured blood or serum sodium concentration.Methods
Retrospective study. Medical records of animals with a blood or serum sodium concentration measured during a 60‐month period were reviewed to determine the severity of hypernatremia and its associated case fatality rate. Cases with moderate (11–15 mmol/L above the reference range) or severe hypernatremia (≥16 mmol/L above the reference range) were further reviewed.Results
A total of 957 dogs (5.7%) and 338 cats (8.0%) were diagnosed with hypernatremia. Case fatality rates of dogs and cats with hypernatremia was 20.6 and 28.1%, respectively compared to 4.4 and 4.5% with a normal blood or serum sodium concentration (P < .0001). The magnitude of hypernatremia was linearly associated with a higher case fatality rate (P < .0001). Hypernatremia was associated with a higher case fatality rate than hyponatremia. Among the animals with moderate or severe hypernatremia, 50% of dogs and 38.5% of cats presented with community‐acquired hypernatremia, and 50% of dogs and 61.5% of cats developed hospital‐acquired hypernatremia.Conclusions and clinical importance
Hypernatremia was found infrequently in this population but was associated with increased case fatality rates in dogs and cats. Presence and severity of hypernatremia might be useful as a prognostic indicator. 相似文献4.
Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial of a Chewable Formulation of Amlodipine for the Treatment of Hypertension in Client‐Owned Cats 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M. Huhtinen G. Derré H.J. Renoldi M. Rinkinen K. Adler J. Aspegrén C. Zemirline J. Elliott 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):786-793
Background
There is an unmet clinical need for a cat‐specific formulation of amlodipine to treat hypertensive cats.Objectives
To assess the efficacy of chewable amlodipine tablets in reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) in cats diagnosed with systemic arterial hypertension.Animals
Seventy‐seven client‐owned cats with systemic hypertension were included (median age 14 years).Methods
The study was randomized, double‐blinded, and placebo‐controlled. Forty‐two cats received 0.125–0.50 mg/kg amlodipine once daily for 28 days; 35 cats received placebo. After 28 days all cats continued with amlodipine for 2–3 months in an open‐label phase. Blood pressure was measured using high definition oscillometry. A responder was defined as a cat showing a decrease of SBP to <150 mmHg at 28 days or a decrease from baseline ≥15%.Results
Sixty‐one cats completed the study. The responder rate was 63% in amlodipine group and 18% in placebo group. Cats receiving amlodipine were 7.9 (95% CI 2.6–24.1) times more likely to be classified as responders when compared to those receiving placebo (P < .001). From a mean (±SD) baseline value of 181 (±12) mmHg, SBP decreased to 154 (±17) mmHg with amlodipine and to 170 (±21) mmHg with placebo (P < .001). The voluntary acceptance rate of amlodipine formulation was 73%.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The chewable amlodipine tablet effectively reduced SBP compared with placebo in hypertensive cats, and was well‐tolerated. It can be used concomitantly with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and in cats with chronic kidney disease. 相似文献5.
C.J. Scudder R. Gostelow Y. Forcada H.A. Schmid D. Church S.J.M. Niessen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1074-1080
Background
Feline hypersomatotropism (HST) is a cause of diabetes mellitus in cats. Pasireotide is a novel multireceptor ligand somatostatin analog that improves biochemical control of humans with HST.Hypothesis/Objectives
Pasireotide improves biochemical control of HST and diabetes mellitus in cats.Animals
Hypersomatotropism was diagnosed in diabetic cats with serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) concentration >1,000 ng/mL by radioimmunoassay and pituitary enlargement.Methods
Insulin‐like growth factor 1 was measured and glycemic control assessed using a 12‐hour blood glucose curve on days 1 and 5. On days 2, 3, and 4, cats received 0.03 mg/kg pasireotide SC q12h. IGF‐1, insulin dose, and estimated insulin sensitivity (product of the area under the blood glucose curve [BGC] and insulin dose) were compared pre‐ and post treatment. Paired t‐tests or Wilcoxon signed rank tests were employed for comparison where appropriate; a linear mixed model was created to compare BGC results.Results
Insulin‐like growth factor 1 decreased in all 12 cats that completed the study (median [range] day 1: 2,000 ng/mL [1,051–2,000] and day 5: 1,105 ng/mL [380–1,727], P = .002, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Insulin dose was lower on day 5 than on day 1 (mean reduction 1.3 [0–2.7] units/kg/injection, P = .003, paired t‐test). The product of insulin dose and area under the BGC was lower on day 5 than day 1 (difference of means: 1,912; SD, 1523; u × mg/dL × hours, P = .001; paired t‐test). No clinically relevant adverse effects were encountered.Conclusions
Short‐acting pasireotide rapidly decreased IGF‐1 in cats with HST and insulin‐dependent diabetes. The decrease in IGF‐1 was associated with increased insulin sensitivity. 相似文献6.
M. Hafner S. Dietiker‐Moretti K. Kaufmann C. Mueller T.A. Lutz C.E. Reusch E. Zini 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1753-1759
Background
Remission occurs in 10–50% of cats with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is assumed that intensive treatment improves β‐cell function and increases remission rates.Hypothesis
Initial intravenous infusion of insulin that achieves tight glycemic control decreases subsequent insulin requirements and increases remission rate in diabetic cats.Animals
Thirty cats with newly diagnosed DM.Methods
Prospective study. Cats were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups. Cats in group 1 (n = 15) received intravenous infusion of insulin with the goal of maintaining blood glucose concentrations at 90–180 mg/dL, for 6 days. Cats in group 2 (n = 15) received subcutaneous injections of insulin glargine (cats ≤4 kg: 0.5–1.0 IU, q12h; >4 kg 1.5–2.0 IU, q12h), for 6 days. Thereafter, all cats were treated with subcutaneous injections of insulin glargine and followed up for 6 months. Cats were considered in remission when euglycemia occurred for ≥4 weeks without the administration of insulin. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis.Results
In groups 1 and 2, remission was achieved in 10/15 and in 7/14 cats (P = .46), and good metabolic control was achieved in 3/5 and in 1/7 cats (P = .22), respectively. Overall, good metabolic control or remission occurred in 13/15 cats of group 1 and in 8/14 cats of group 2. In group 1, the median insulin dosage given during the 6‐month follow‐up was significantly lower than in group 2 (group 1: 0.32 IU/kg/day, group 2: 0.51 IU/kg/day; P = .013).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Initial intravenous infusion of insulin for tight glycemic control in cats with DM decreases insulin requirements during the subsequent 6 months. 相似文献7.
The Effect of Orally Administered Ranitidine and Once‐Daily or Twice‐Daily Orally Administered Omeprazole on Intragastric pH in Cats 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 S. Šutalo M. Ruetten S. Hartnack C.E. Reusch P. H. Kook 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):840-846
Background
Gastric acid suppressants frequently are used in cats with acid‐related gastric disorders. However, it is not known if these drugs effectively increase intragastric pH in cats.Objectives
To examine the effects of PO administered ranitidine and omeprazole on intragastric pH in cats and to compare the efficacy of once‐daily versus twice‐daily dosage regimens for omeprazole.Animals
Eight domestic shorthair cats.Methods
Using a randomized 4‐way cross‐over design, cats were given enteric‐coated omeprazole granules (1.1–1.3 mg/kg q24h and q12h), ranitidine (1.5–2.3 mg/kg q12h), and placebo. Intragastric pH was monitored continuously for 96 hours using the Bravo™ system1, starting on day 4 of treatment, followed by a median washout period of 12 days. Mean percentage of time pH was ≥3 and ≥4 was compared among groups using repeated measures ANOVA.Results
Mean ± SD percentage of time intragastric pH was ≥3 and ≥4 was 67.0 ± 24.0% and 54.6 ± 26.4% for twice‐daily omeprazole, 24.4 ± 22.8% and 16.8 ± 19.3% for once‐daily omeprazole, 16.5 ± 9.0% and 9.6 ± 5.9% for ranitidine, and 9.4 ± 8.0% and 7.0 ± 6.6% for placebo administration. Twice‐daily omeprazole treatment significantly increased intragastric pH, whereas pH after once‐daily omeprazole and ranitidine treatments did not differ from that of placebo‐treated cats.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Only twice‐daily PO administered omeprazole significantly suppressed gastric acidity in healthy cats, whereas once‐daily omeprazole and standard dosages of ranitidine were not effective acid suppressants in cats. 相似文献8.
J.C. Scott‐Moncrieff H.G. Heng H.Y. Weng D. Dimeo M.D. Jones 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(5):1322-1326
Background
The effect of feeding a limited iodine diet on radioactive iodine uptake in the thyroid glands of hyperthyroid cats is unknown.Objectives
To determine how feeding limited dietary iodine affects radioactive iodine uptake by the thyroid glands of hyperthyroid cats.Animals
Eight geriatric cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism.Methods
Prospective study of eight client owned hyperthyroid cats fed a commercially available iodine limited diet for 6 months. Clinical signs were evaluated and TT4 and fT4 were measured during consumption of the diet. Uptake of 123I was determined before and 8–16 weeks after exclusive consumption of the diet.Results
Clinical signs of hyperthyroidism resolved in all cats, but there was no significant increase in body weight. TT4 and fT4 decreased into the reference range by 8–16 weeks in all cats. Mean TT4 before consumption of the diet was 9.7 μg/dL (SD 5.2) and after consumption of the diet was 3.1 μg/dL (SD 0.9). Scintigraphy revealed unilateral uptake of isotope in 5 cats and bilateral uptake in 3 cats. Mean percentage uptake of 123I by the thyroid gland at 8 hours after isotope administration was 16.2 (SD 11.8) before diet consumption and 34.6 (SD 11.7) 8–16 weeks after exclusive consumption of the diet. The percentage increase was variable between cats (38–639%).Conclusions and clinical importance
Limited iodine diets increase iodine uptake in the autonomous thyroid glands of hyperthyroid cats. Further studies are necessary to determine if consumption of a limited iodine diet changes sensitivity of the thyroid gland to 131I treatment. 相似文献9.
Changes in Systolic Blood Pressure over Time in Healthy Cats and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 E.S. Bijsmans R.E. Jepson Y.M. Chang H.M. Syme J. Elliott 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):855-861
Background
Hypertension is a common problem in older cats, most often associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cross‐sectional studies have suggested that blood pressure in cats increases with age.Hypothesis/Objectives
To determine whether blood pressure in cats increases with age and whether this occurs independently of the presence of CKD. To investigate risk factors for developing hypertension.Animals/Subjects
Two hundred and sixty‐five cats with CKD and 133 healthy cats ≥9 years were retrospectively identified.Methods
Four groups were created according to status at initial evaluation (CKD or healthy) and blood pressure at the last included visit (normotensive [NT] or developed hypertension [DH]): Healthy‐NT, Healthy‐DH, CKD‐NT and CKD‐DH. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) over time slopes were compared with 0 and between groups. Risk factors for the development of hypertension were investigated, and associations of biochemical and clinical variables with SBP were examined.Results
Cats that were hypertensive at CKD diagnosis (n = 105) were not included in further analyses. Twenty‐seven cats with CKD and 9 healthy cats developed hypertension ≥3 months after diagnosis of CKD or their first visit. Systolic blood pressure significantly increased with age in all cats (P < .001). Healthy cats were at less risk than cats with CKD to become hypertensive (hazard ratio 0.2, P < .001), with creatinine being an independent risk factor for the development of hypertension.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The high prevalence of hypertension in azotemic cats in this study shows the importance of monitoring of SBP in elderly cats, and in particular in cats with CKD. 相似文献10.
Treatment of Ionized Hypercalcemia in 12 Cats (2006–2008) Using PO‐Administered Alendronate 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 B.T. Hardy J.F. de Brito Galvao T.A. Green S.R. Braudaway S.P. DiBartola L. Lord D.J. Chew 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):200-206
Background
Long‐term treatment of cats with ionized hypercalcemia using alendronate has not been evaluated.Hypothesis/Objectives
Alendronate is well tolerated in treatment of ionized hypercalcemia in cats.Animals
A total of 12 cats with ionized hypercalcemia.Methods
Prospective study of 12 cats with ionized hypercalcemia of idiopathic origin was identified by telephone and email communication with a convenience sample of consulting veterinarians. Cats were treated with alendronate at a dose of 5–20 mg per feline PO q7d. Serum ionized calcium concentration (iCa) was measured before beginning treatment with alendronate, and after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment. Alendronate dosage was adjusted according to iCa. Evaluation included physical examination, CBC, biochemistry profile, and diagnostic imaging. The owners and referring veterinarians were questioned about any observed adverse effects. The Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed rank test was used to compare baseline iCa to iCa at different time periods.Results
Alendronate treatment resulted in a decrease in iCa in all 12 cats. The median percentage change in iCa was −13.2%, −15.9%, and −18.1% (range, −29.6 to +7.6; −30.5 to −1.9; −45.8 to +1.5%) at the 1, 3, and 6 month time points, respectively. Baseline iCa was significantly different from 1 month (P = .0042), 3 months (P = .0005), and 6 months (P = .0015). No adverse effects were reported for any of the cats.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Alendronate was well tolerated and decreased iCa in most cats for the 6‐month period of observation. 相似文献11.
Electroporation Enhances Bleomycin Efficacy in Cats with Periocular Carcinoma and Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 E.P. Spugnini M. Pizzuto M. Filipponi L. Romani B. Vincenzi F. Menicagli A. Lanza R. De Girolamo R. Lomonaco M. Fanciulli G. Spriano A. Baldi 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(5):1368-1375
Background
Advanced carcinoma of the head represents a substantial health problem in cats for local control and overall survival.Objectives
Evaluate the capability of electrochemotherapy (ECT) to improve bleomycin efficacy in cats with periocular carcinoma and advanced carcinoma of the head.Animals
Twenty‐one cats with periocular carcinoma (17 squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] and 4 anaplastic carcinoma) and 26 cats with advanced SCC of the head.Methods
Nonrandomized prospective controlled study. Periocular carcinoma cohorts: 12 cats were treated with bleomycin (15 mg/m2 IV) coupled with ECT under anesthesia; 9 cats were treated with bleomycin alone. Advanced head SCC cohorts: 14 cats were treated with bleomycin (15 mg/m2 IV) coupled with ECT administered under sedation; 12 control cats were treated with bleomycin alone. ECT treatments (2–8) were performed every other week until complete remission (CR) or tumor progression occurred.Results
Toxicities were minimal and mostly treated symptomatically. Overall response rate in the ECT treated animals was 89% (21 Complete Response [CR] and 2 Partial Response [PR]) whereas controls had response rate of 33% (4 CR and 3 PR). Median time to progression in ECT group was 30.5 months, whereas in controls it was 3.9 months (P < .0001). Median time to progression for ECT cohorts was 24.2 months for periocular cohort and 20.6 in advanced head SCC cohort, respectively.Conclusions
Electrochemotherapy is well tolerated for advanced SCC of the head in cats; its use may be considered among loco‐regional strategies for cancer therapy in sensitive body regions such as periocular region. 相似文献12.
Evaluation and Diagnostic Potential of Serum Ghrelin in Feline Hypersomatotropism and Diabetes Mellitus 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 K.B. Jensen Y. Forcada D.B. Church S.J.M. Niessen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):14-20
Background
Ghrelin is a growth hormone secretagogue. It is a potent regulator of energy homeostasis. Ghrelin concentration is down‐regulated in humans with hypersomatotropism (HS) and increases after successful treatment. Additionally, ghrelin secretion seems impaired in human diabetes mellitus (DM).Hypothesis
Serum ghrelin concentration is down‐regulated in cats with HS‐induced DM (HSDM) compared to healthy control cats or cats with DM unrelated to HS and increases after radiotherapy.Animals
Cats with DM (n = 20) and with HSDM (n = 32), 13 of which underwent radiotherapy (RT‐group); age‐matched controls (n = 20).Methods
Retrospective cross‐sectional study. Analytical performance of a serum total ghrelin ELISA was assessed and validated for use in cats. Differences in serum ghrelin, fructosamine, IGF‐1 and insulin were evaluated.Results
Ghrelin was significantly higher (P < .001) in control cats (mean ± SD: 12.9 ± 6.8 ng/mL) compared to HSDM‐ (7.9 ± 3.3 ng/mL) and DM‐cats (6.7 ± 2.3 ng/mL), although not different between the HSDM‐ and DM‐cats. After RT ghrelin increased significantly (P = .003) in HSDM‐cats undergoing RT (from 6.6 ± 1.9 ng/mL to 9.0 ± 2.2 ng/mL) and the after RT ghrelin concentrations of HSDM cats were no longer significantly different from the serum ghrelin concentration of control cats. Serum IGF‐1 did not significantly change in HSDM‐cats after RT, despite significant decreases in fructosamine and insulin dose.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Ghrelin appears suppressed in cats with DM and HSDM, although increases after RT in HSDM, suggesting possible presence of a direct or indirect negative feedback system between growth hormone and ghrelin. Serum ghrelin might therefore represent a marker of treatment effect. 相似文献13.
D.W. Hague H.D. Humphries M.A. Mitchell G.D. Shelton 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(5):1307-1312
Background
Acquired myasthenia gravis (MG) in cats most commonly causes generalized weakness without megaesophagus and is more often associated with a cranial mediastinal mass, compared to dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
To extend the clinical findings described in the report of 2000 on MG in cats (J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:55–57).Animals
Two hundred and thirty‐five cats with MG.Methods
Retrospective case study to evaluate the long‐term outcome and incidence of spontaneous remission in myasthenic cats. Information including signalment, clinical presentation, presence of and type of cranial mediastinal mass, treatment including surgical versus medical, survival time, and outcome including spontaneous remissions was collected and analyzed in cats diagnosed at the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, University of California San Diego by detection of acetylcholine receptor antibody titers >0.3 nmol/L by immunoprecipitation radioimmunosassay.Results
Acquired MG in cats is associated with a euthanasia rate of 58%. Abyssinian and Somali cats had an increased incidence of MG compared to mixed breed cats or cats of other breeds. A cranial mediastinal mass, most commonly thymoma, was observed in 52% of the cats, which is higher than in the previous report. Spontaneous remission is not a characteristic of MG in cats.Conclusions and clinical importance
Myasthenia gravis in cats is a chronic disease associated with a high incidence of a cranial mediastinal mass. Spontaneous remission is not common and clinicians should warn owners of the necessity for long‐term treatment. The clinical outcome with a cranial mediastinal mass did not differ between surgical or medical treatment. 相似文献14.
Evaluation of Serum Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone Concentration as a Diagnostic Test for Hyperthyroidism in Cats 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M.E. Peterson J.N. Guterl R. Nichols M. Rishniw 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(5):1327-1334
Background
In humans, measurement of serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration is commonly used as a first‐line discriminatory test of thyroid function. Recent reports indicate that canine TSH (cTSH) assays can be used to measure feline TSH and results can help diagnose or exclude hyperthyroidism.Objectives
To investigate the usefulness of cTSH measurements as a diagnostic test for cats with hyperthyroidism.Animals
Nine hundred and seventeen cats with untreated hyperthyroidism, 32 euthyroid cats suspected of having hyperthyroidism, and 131 clinically normal cats.Methods
Prospective study. Cats referred to the Animal Endocrine Clinic for suspected hyperthyroidism were evaluated with serum T4, T3, free T4 (fT 4), and TSH concentrations. Thyroid scintigraphy was used as the gold standard to confirm or exclude hyperthyroidism.Results
Median serum TSH concentration in the hyperthyroid cats (<0.03 ng/mL) was significantly (P < .001) lower than concentrations in clinically normal cats (0.05 ng/mL) or euthyroid cats with suspected thyroid disease (0.06 ng/mL). Only 18 (2.0%) hyperthyroid cats had measurable TSH concentrations (≥0.03 ng/mL), whereas 114 (69.9%) of the 163 euthyroid cats had detectable concentrations. Combining serum TSH with T4 or fT 4 concentrations lowered the test sensitivity of TSH from 98.0 to 97.0%, but markedly increased overall test specificity (from 69.9 to 98.8%).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Serum TSH concentrations are suppressed in 98% of hyperthyroid cats, but concentrations are measurable in a few cats with mild‐to‐moderate hyperthyroidism. Measurement of serum TSH represents a highly sensitive but poorly specific test for diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and is best measured in combination with T4 and fT 4. 相似文献15.
S. Klainbart E. Kelmer B. Vidmayer T. Bdolah‐Abram G. Segev I. Aroch 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1513-1519
Background
Acute limb paralysis because of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) occurs in cats and less commonly in dogs. ATE is diagnosed based on physical examination findings and, occasionally, advanced imaging.Hypothesis/Objectives
Peripheral, affected limb venous glucose concentration is decreased in ATE, whereas its systemic concentration is within or above reference interval.Animals
Client‐owned cats and dogs were divided into 3 respective groups: acute limb paralysis because of ATE (22 cats and 9 dogs); acute limb paralysis secondary to orthopedic or neurologic conditions (nonambulatory controls; 10 cats and 11 dogs); ambulatory animals presented because of various diseases (ambulatory controls; 10 cats and 9 dogs).Methods
Prospective observational, clinical study. Systemic and local (affected limb) blood glucose concentrations were measured. Their absolute and relative differences (ΔGlu and %ΔGlu, respectively) were compared among groups.Results
ΔGlu and %ΔGlu were significantly higher in the ATE cats and dogs groups, compared to both of their respective controls (P < .0001 and P < .001, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the control groups. Receiver operator characteristics analysis of ΔGlu and %ΔGlu as predictors of ATE had area under the curve of 0.96 and 0.99 in cats, respectively, and 1.00 and 1.00, in dogs, respectively. ΔGlu cutoffs of 30 mg/dL and 16 mg/dL, in cats and dogs, respectively, corresponded to sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 90% in cats, respectively, and 100% in dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
ΔGlu and %ΔGlu are accurate, readily available, diagnostic markers of acute ATE in paralyzed cats and dogs. 相似文献16.
K. Borgeat K. Sherwood J.R. Payne V. Luis Fuentes D.J. Connolly 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1731-1737
Background
The use of cardiac biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis of occult and symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats has been established. There is limited data describing their prognostic utility in cats with HCM.Hypothesis
Circulating concentrations of N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) predict cardiac death in cats with HCM.Animals
Forty‐one cats diagnosed with HCM at a veterinary teaching hospital, between February 2010 and May 2011.Methods
Prospective investigational study. Plasma samples were collected from cats diagnosed with HCM and concentrations of NTproBNP and cTnI were analyzed at a commercial laboratory. Echocardiographic measurements from the day of blood sampling were recorded. Long‐term outcome data were obtained. Associations with time to cardiac death were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.Results
When controlling for the presence/absence of heart failure and echocardiographic measures of left atrial size and function, cTnI > 0.7 ng/mL was independently associated with time to cardiac death. In univariable analysis, NTproBNP > 250 pmol/L was associated with cardiac death (P = .023), but this did not remain significant (P = .951) when controlling for the effect of clinical signs or left atrial size/function.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Plasma concentration of cTnI (cutoff >0.7 ng/mL) is a predictor of cardiac death in cats with HCM that is independent of the presence of heart failure or left atrial dilatation. 相似文献17.
T.Y. Hui D.S. Bruyette G.E. Moore J.C. Scott‐Moncrieff 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1063-1068
Background
Exclusive feeding of an iodine‐restricted diet has been proposed as a method for controlling clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism in hyperthyroid cats.Objectives
To determine the effect of feeding an iodine‐restricted diet on TT4 concentrations and clinical signs in cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism.Animals
Forty‐nine client‐owned cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism.Methods
Retrospective case series. Hyperthyroid cats were exclusively fed a commercially available iodine‐restricted diet. Clinical response was assessed by change in weight and heart rate and serum TT4, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine concentrations at various times during dietary management (21–60 days, 60–180 days).Results
Serum TT4 normalized in 20/48 cats (42%) and 39/47 cats (83%) at 21–60 days and 61–180 days, respectively. Cats in which the TT4 concentrations were still above reference range at 21–60 days had a significantly higher starting TT4 than those that normalized their TT4 levels during the same time period (P = .038). Body weight did not significantly increase (P = .34) nor heart rate decrease (P = .64) during the study. There was a significant decrease in serum creatinine (P = .028). Cats in the low reference range for serum TT4 concentrations did not have a significant increase in body weight (P = .41) nor creatinine (P = .54) when compared to those with high reference range.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Restricted‐iodine diets were effective at maintaining serum TT4 concentrations within reference ranges for a majority of cats with spontaneous hyperthyroidism over 1 year, although not all clinical signs of hyperthyroidism improved. 相似文献18.
Relationship Between Degenerative Joint Disease,Pain, and Bartonella spp. Seroreactivity in Domesticated Cats 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A. Tomas E.L. Pultorak M.E. Gruen E.B. Breitschwerdt B.D.X. Lascelles 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):21-27
Background
Recently, a potential association was identified between Bartonella exposure and arthritides in mammalian species other than cats.Hypothesis/Objectives
We hypothesized that Bartonella exposure is associated with more severe degenerative joint disease (DJD) and a greater burden of DJD‐associated pain in client‐owned cats.Animals
Ninety‐four client‐owned cats (6 months to 20 years old), ranging from clinically unaffected to severely lame because of DJD.Methods
Using physical examination and radiography, pain and radiographic scores were assigned to each part of the bony skeleton. Sera were tested for Bartonella henselae, B. koehlerae, and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (genotypes I, II, and III) antibodies using immunofluorescence antibody assays. Variables were categorized and logistic regression used to explore associations.Results
Seropositivity to Bartonella was identified in 33 (35.1%) cats. After multivariate analysis controlling for age, total DJD score (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.26–0.97; P = .042), appendicular pain score (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17–0.65; P = .0011), and total pain score (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17–0.72; P = .0045) were significantly inversely associated with Bartonella seroreactivity status, indicating that cats with higher DJD and pain scores were less likely to be Bartonella seropositive.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Based upon this preliminary study, Bartonella spp. seropositivity was associated with decreased severity of DJD and decreased DJD‐associated pain in cats. Additional studies are needed to verify these findings, and if verified, to explore potential mechanisms. 相似文献19.
L.M. Freeman J.E. Rush A. Feugier I. van Hoek 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):150-156
Background
Cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are larger and have higher insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) concentrations than cats without HCM.Hypothesis/Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess echocardiographic findings in a colony of adult cats to determine the relationship between early growth and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).Animals
Twenty‐eight neutered adult cats (20 males, 8 females) from a colony ≥3 years of age for which growth curves were available.Methods
Case–control study. Physical examination and echocardiography were performed, and body weight, body condition score (BCS), and head length and width were measured. Circulating glucose, insulin, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), and IGF‐1 concentrations were measured and growth data were collected. Stepwise multivariate analyses were performed.Results
Mean age was 5.2 ± 1.1 years. Current BCSs ranged from 4 to 9 (median, 6) and mean body weight was 4.88 ± 1.29 kg. Variation in body weight was apparent by 6 (mean = 3.26 ± 0.80 kg) and 12 months of age (mean = 4.02 ± 1.02 kg). Cardiac abnormalities included a cardiac murmur (n = 7; 24%), gallop (n = 3; 10%), and arrhythmia (n = 1; 4%). Fourteen of 28 cats (50%) had echocardiographic evidence of LVH. Head width (P = .017), body weight (P < .001), NT‐proBNP (P = .023), and IGF‐1 (P = .013–.022) were significantly associated with selected measures of LVH.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Potential associations between body size, IGF‐1, LVH, and HCM warrant future prospective studies. 相似文献20.
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Myocardial Changes Observed After Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 L. Hamabe S. Kim R. Yoshiyuki T. Fukayama T.M. Nakata R. Fukushima R. Tanaka 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):126-131