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1.
Lupine crops (Lupinus albus and L. mutabilis) often experience water deficits during grain filling, thereby altering partitioning of assimilates. Water deficit, imposed at the beginning of seed production (15 days after anthesis, daa), brought about differences in assimilate partitioning and chemical composition within the whole plant. In both species, water stress (ws) was responsible for a significant decrease in plant water status and gas exchange. In spite of little effect on total biomass, leaf area was reduced for approximately half of the control treatment. The main effects of ws on chemical composition of different organs were a decrease in total oil and an increase in total soluble sugar content in leaves; an increase in both oil and soluble sugars in stems; and a decrease in total oil and total soluble sugar content in seeds. The data suggest that under ws conditions, imposed at flowering, lupine assimilates are stored in stems and pods and later retranslocated to the developing seeds. 相似文献
2.
间作对大豆荚粒性状及种子脂肪酸组分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
间作大豆，五种荚粒性状的均数都小于各自的对照（单作），且差异都达到极显著水平（ｔ＝－３．６６７－＾＊＊＿４．７６＾＊＊），按下降幅度排列依次为：单株粒重－粒茎比－单株粒数－单株荚数－百粒重。除百粒重外，其余四性状相互音 高度显著正相关，（ｒ＝０．７４３＾＊＊－０．９５７＾＊＊），但偏相关分析，百粒重分别与粒数和粒茎比 ，那么对单株产量的相关也可达显著以上水平。 相似文献
3.
大豆产量潜力受到基因型和环境条件的制约。一种基因型的密度、植株分布决定其对太阳辐射、水分和养分的利用,进而高产的形成。当群体生长所需外界要素之一不能满足时,植株间形成竞争。产量的区域间及年际间差异与这种株间竞争关系密切,最终表现为单位面积内一个或多个产量构成因子的差异,如株荚数、荚粒数、或单粒重(籽粒大小)。本研究探讨籽粒大小在调节不同密度、行距条件下产量差异及年际间产量差异的作用。多点试验表明,籽粒大小在不同节位上及不同籽粒数的荚间差异不大。然而在2粒或3粒荚内,荚基部粒比中部及顶部粒小10%,而且子叶细胞体积差异不大。在改变源库、增强光照或遮阴条件下,籽粒大小发生变化。籽粒大小与子叶细胞数相关。籽粒大小是可塑的,但即使底部节位荚较顶部节位提前15~20 d鼓粒,籽粒大小在所有节位间差异不大,所以籽粒大小与子叶细胞数的关系仍值得探讨。 相似文献
4.
Understanding the response of the number of seeds and seed weight to the availability of assimilates is crucial for designing breeding strategies aimed to increase seed and oil yield in oilseed rape. This study aims to answer the questions: i) do seed number and seed weight in oilseed rape differ in their plasticity in response to the availability of assimilates at flowering? and ii) how sensitive are oil and protein concentrations to the availability of assimilates during flowering?A spring oilseed rape hybrid was sown in two field experiments and the treatments were combinations of i) two plant densities and ii) shading or no shading between the beginning and end of flowering. Seed yield was not affected by plant density or by shading. Lower plant density was compensated by an increase in seed number per plant, without effects on single-seed weight. However, the negative effect of shading during flowering on seed number per area was fully compensated by an increase in single-seed weight by 47–61%. The plasticity of single-seed weight observed in the present study of oilseed rape has never been reported for annual seed crops. Shading at flowering increased both the seed filling rate and the duration of the seed filling period at all positions in the canopy. We also observed that the reduction of the source-sink ratio at flowering increasing seed weight does not necessarily modify oil or protein concentrations. Thus, single-seed weight could be targeted to increase seed yield in oilseed rape without compromising oil content. 相似文献
5.
细胞分裂素对大豆种子发育时期同化物卸出及胚代谢的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用微注射法将不同浓度的细胞分裂素（激动素，ＫＴ）引入开花后３０天的大豆种子胚与种皮间的质外体空间，同时给叶片饲喂＾１４ＣＯ２，以种皮和子叶中放射强度占总放射强度的百分比来进行比较分析ＫＴ对同化物卸出的影响，结果表明：１０＾－４、１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＴ促进种皮中同化物的卸出和向子叶中的分配。同时测定了种皮和胚中的酸性转化酶和ＡＴＰ酶的活性，ＫＴ使种皮中酸性转化酶活性增加，而ＡＴＰ酶活性降低，由此 相似文献
6.
黑龙江省中熟大豆品种主要农艺性状演变趋势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑龙江省近20年来中熟大豆品种遗传改进的明显趋势是株高、有效节数、一二粒荚数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数和单株粒重增加,底荚高度略有增加。分枝数、蛋白质含量呈现先增后减的趋势．脂肪含量呈现先减后增的趋势,百粒重变化不大。株高、有效节数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重与单株粒重呈显著或极显著的正相关。各性状对单株粒重的贡献大小依次为单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数、株高、有效节数、百粒重。提高单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数．兼顾株高、有效节数、百粒重是该区大豆育种的主攻方向。 相似文献
7.
The regulation of photosynthesis by its assimilates was investigated in sunflower by altering the assimilate level in leaves by girdling, detopping, shading and defoliation. The level of assimilates like sucrose accumulated in leaves did not inhibit photosynthesis or Rubisco activity. Starch levels also did not have an influence on the photosynthetic rate. 相似文献
8.
The accumulation pattern in developing seeds and its relation to fatty acid variation in soybean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sixty soybean cultivars from Japan and the USA formed five maturity groups (IIb‐Vc) based on number of days from sowing to flowering and number of days from flowering to maturity. Highly significant intervarietal differences in fatty acid composition were found in all the maturity groups, especially in IIc. Stearic and oleic acids showed a larger variation than palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Principal component analysis suggested that the total variation of fatty acid composition depended mainly on the desaturation levels from oleic to linoleic acid. Three cultivars exhibiting unique fatty acid composition, together with a standard cultivar, were examined for the contents of the five fatty acids, as well as crude oil at eight seed‐filling stages. For all four cultivars, it was found that crude oil content increased sigmoidally with advancing filling stage, and that the accumulation patterns of palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids were similar to that of crude oil. However, the accumulation pattern of stearic acid was different from that of crude oil and divided the cultivars into two distinct groups. For oleic acid, only the cultivar ‘Aburamame’ showed a rapid increase in proportion with advancing filling stage, although not differing markedly in accumulated content from the other cultivars. These results indicate that analysing the accumulation patterns of fatty acids could explain the latent genetic variation in fatty acid composition of soybean seeds. 相似文献
9.
对来自于中国黄淮海大豆产区、北方大豆产区和南方大豆产区的316个大豆品种的主要农艺性状进行了鉴定和比较。结果表明,育成品种的分枝数、分枝荚数、单株总荚数明显不及农家品种,而其它性状如主茎荚数、单株粒重、单株粒数和百粒重优于农家品种。以育成品种和农家品种分别所作的相关分析表明,主茎荚数、分枝荚数、单株总荚数均与单株粒数和单株粒重呈显著的正相关;主茎节数与株高、主茎荚数、单株总荚数、单株粒重、单株粒数呈显著正相关;分枝数与分枝荚数、单株总荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重呈极显著或非显著正相关,但与主茎荚数呈负向显著相关;单株粒数与单株粒重显著正相关,百粒重与单株粒重正向显著相关,与单株粒数负相关显著。通过比较和分析,就百粒重、生育期和株高筛选出一些具有极端值的品种,可以用作品种选育的亲本和大豆分子育种如转基因受体或分子标记作图群体的遗传材料。 相似文献
10.
With the purpose of enhancing oil production, the present work was carried out to elucidate relationships between photosynthesis of leaves, siliques and seeds yield and seeds oil accumulation of oilseed rape. Field trials, in which two repeated experiments was carried out during 2012–2014 growth season, a rape hybrids the “Qin You No.7” (Brassica napus L.) variety was taken into account. The results showed that, on rape plant the photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid contents of leaf were significantly higher than that of silique shell. Oil content of 94.7% was achieved in young seeds (sampled at 25th day after flowering ending stage of the tested rape plant) versus to mature seeds, saturated fatty acids percent was higher whereas oleic acid percent was lower of oil extracted from young seeds. During flowering period of the rape plants tested, area and dry weight of leaves attained maximum, treatments of removing leaves induced reduction in seeds number per silique, siliques number, seeds yield per plant and seeds oil content, these indexes were respectively decreased by 73.6%, 43.4%, 83.4% and 10.5% in maximum, and seeds oil composition was not significantly influenced; during seeds growing period of the tested plants, surface area and dry weight of siliques attained maximum, under shading siliques treatment, the 1000-seed weight, seeds yield per plant and seeds oil content were respectively reduced by 57.5%, 61.4% and 44.7% in maximum, and seeds oil oleic acid (C18:1) and linolenic acid (C18:3) percent was decreased, linolic acid (C18:2) and erucidic acid (C22:1) percent was increased. So for oilseed rape plant during flowering period, surface area and photosynthesis of leaves dramatically influenced siliques number, seeds number and seeds yield; while in seeds growth period, surface area and photosynthesis of siliques greatly influenced 1000-seed yield, seeds yield, seeds oil content and oil composition; oil accumulation in rape seeds initiated early since seeds commencing growth, seed mature degree influenced oil composition of seeds. 相似文献
11.
The potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the simultaneous analysis of seed weight, total oil content
and its fatty acid composition in intact single seeds of rapeseed was studied. A calibration set of 530 single seeds was analysed
by both NIRS and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and calibration equations for the major fatty acids were developed. External
validation with a set of 75 seeds demonstrated a close relationship between NIRS and GLC data for oleic (r = 0.92) and erucic
acid (r = 0.94), but not for linoleic (r = 0.75) and linolenic acid (r = 0.73). Calibration equations for seed weight and
oil content were developed from a calibration set of 125 seeds. A gravimetric determination was used as reference method for
oil content. External validation revealed a coefficient of correlation between NIRS and reference methods of 0.92 for both
traits. The performance of the calibration equations for oleic and erucic acid was further studied by analysing two segregating
F2 seed populations not represented in the calibration set. The results demonstrated that a reliable selection for both fatty
acids in segregating populations can be made by using NIRS. We concluded that a reliable estimation of seed weight, oil content,
oleic acid and erucic acid content in intact, single seeds of rapeseed is possible by using NIRS technique.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
The number of seeds per unit land area, the major yield component in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is largely determined after the beginning of flowering, particularly from R3 to R6. Environmental factors increasing crop growth rate (e.g. radiation) or extending the duration of the reproductive phases (e.g. photoperiod) increase the number of seeds. We aimed to compare the mechanisms by which photoperiod and radiation affect the definition of final seed number during the critical period of R3–R6. Two field experiments were conducted with indeterminate soybeans at intermediate maturity group. All plots in each experiment were grown under natural conditions until the beginning-pod stage (R3); and from then onwards different treatments were imposed. Treatments consisted of the factorial combination of two levels of radiation (natural or shading) and two photoperiod regimes (natural or extended). Extended photoperiod increased the duration of reproductive phases, the number of nodes and the number of pods produced on the nodes that flowered during or after the applications of the treatments. Shading had negligible effects on development and node number, but reduced crop growth rate and also reduced the number of pods produced on most nodes of the plants. The number of seeds was positively related to the crop growth rate during R3–R6, but photoperiod increased the number of seeds produced per unit of crop growth rate, due to the lengthening of the phase. The number of seeds was therefore even better related to accumulated growth during R3–R6, irrespective of the factor that increased the accumulated biomass (higher daily radiation or longer duration of the phase) suggesting that long photoperiods increased the number of pods and seeds established per unit land area, mainly through increasing the total resource availability during a phase that is critical for the determination of seed number in soybean. However, photoperiod regulation involved additional changes in the development, evidenced by changes in the pod distribution pattern within the canopy. 相似文献
13.
The effect of defoliation after flowering, when a considerable number of pods were already formed on yield components, was examined in four Brassica species. In B. campestris and B. juncea , a decrease in seed yield by defoliation was associated with a decrease in the number of pods per plant as seed number per pod and thousand-seed weight were not significantly affected by this treatment. In B. nigra , apart from decreasing the pod number per plant, defoliation also significantly decreased the thousand-seed weight, Defoliation significantly decreased both seed number per pod and thousand-seed weight apart from decreasing the number of pods per plant in B. carinata. The study indicated that in B. campestris and B. juncea , the role of leaf photosynthesis seemed to be restricted mainly to the formation of pods. On the other hand, in B. nigra and B. carinata it appeared that leaf photosynthesis also contributed towards seed development. 相似文献
14.
M. T. Islam F. Kubota Md F. H. Mollah W. Agata 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,171(4):274-278
Mungbean grown as intercrop suffers shading stress form companion crop at different growth stages. Grain filling stage, which appears to be very much sensitive to light conditions, needs special attention to deal with, in order to maximize the benefit from intercropping systems. Growth and yield response of mungbean to different shading conditions imposed at the onset of pod formation stage was evaluated. Shading nets were used to cut down the incident photosynthetic active rediation by 15 %, 45 % and 75 %. There was almost no difference between the control and 15 % shaded plants for all the parameters studied. Total dry weight was found to decrease with increase in shading intensity and this phenomenon continued till the maturity of the crop. The crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate decreased due to shading. Lower specific leaf weight and higher chlorophyll content were due to increased shading. Decreased photosynthetic active radiation caused significant reduction in pods per plant and thus there was a significant decrease in seed yield per plant. In order to avoid yield loss due to shading at grain filling stage, agronomic manipulation and selection of suitable genotypes are necessary. 相似文献
15.
转录调控基因GmLEC1的cDNA克隆及其植物表达载体的构建 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以高油大豆中豆32 开花后30 d的种子为材料,根据已报道的拟南芥脂肪酸合成相关转录因子LEC1序列设计简并引物,采用同源序列法从大豆种子中分离了大小为850 bp的cDNA片段,测序结果表明,该片段与拟南芥中已克隆的脂肪酸合成基因高度同源,包含完整的读码框,采用酶切连接和gateway技术构建了该基因的超量表达和RNAi植物表达载体.为借助农杆菌介导法将LEC1基因转化到大豆再生植株中,对分离的LEC1基因进行功能验证,培育高油大豆新品种奠定了基础. 相似文献
16.
Olive oil is mostly extracted from the mesocarp (∼95%) of the fruit with the seed (endosperm and embryo, ∼5%) containing little oil. There are correlative and manipulative evidence that temperature modulates fruit oil content and fatty acid composition of the oil from the whole fruit (i.e., with no distinction being made between oils derived from each oil-bearing structure) of olive. Notably, oleic acid concentration of olive oil decreases as fruit mean growth temperature increases. This response in the olive fruit is opposite to that documented in annual oil-seed crops such as sunflower and soybean. The objectives of the present study were: i) to compare temperature effects on fatty acid composition of oil derived from seed and from mesocarp; ii) to compare temperature effects on seed and mesocarp dry weights and oil concentrations. To do this, fruiting branches were enclosed in transparent plastic chambers with individualized temperature control. Temperature was manipulated during the seed growth (Period A) and during the second half of mesocarp growth (Period B) subphases. In both periods, the oleic acid proportion in mesocarp oil decreased as temperature increased, and was accompanied by increases of palmitic acid, linoleic and linolenic acids. Mesocarp dry weight did not respond significantly to temperature, but mesocarp oil concentration fell significantly as temperature increased. Seed dry weight, oil concentration and fatty acid composition exhibited responses to temperature during Period A only, with seed dry weight increasing between 20 and 25 °C with a sharp decrease at higher temperature, and oil concentration linearly falling 1.2% per °C. In contrast, seed oil oleic acid percentage increased between 20 and 28 °C, and fell slightly with higher temperature. Palmitic and stearic acids in seed oil increased sigmoidally with temperature, while linoleic acid decreased sigmoidally. Oleic acid percentage showed opposite responses in oil from the seed and the mesocarp. The response of the seed to temperature was similar to those observed in oil from embryos of annual oil-seed crops, although the abrupt fall in palmitic and stearic acid with temperature >25 °C seems to be distinctive for olive seed oil. 相似文献
17.
Brasisca Juncea , cv. Pusa Bold, and B. campestris , cv. Pusa Kalyani, were raised under field conditions with varying levels of N supply from 0–120 kg ha-1 . The production profile of branches and pods thereon was measured, per unit area basis, throughout the crop ontogeny. At maturity, data on the yield contributing characters, viz. pod dry weight, pod number, seed number per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed wall ratio and seed yield in different order branches, was recorded.
The branching pattern and the number of pods produced on different order branches, in the two species, was favourably modified by the increasing levels of N supply. Primary and secondary branches contributed to the seed yield to an extent of 80 % of the total yield. Nitrogen treatment had no significant effect on 1000 seed weight. B. juncea exhibited significantly higher yield over B. campestris. N supply up to 120 kg ha-1 linearly increased seed yield in both the species. However, it exerted a negative effect too partitioning of assimilates from pod wall to seed. The study indicated that rapeseed-mustard, grown under short winter-season environment with adequate soil moisture, has the potential for higher N-fertilizer optima exceeding 120 kg ha -1 . 相似文献
The branching pattern and the number of pods produced on different order branches, in the two species, was favourably modified by the increasing levels of N supply. Primary and secondary branches contributed to the seed yield to an extent of 80 % of the total yield. Nitrogen treatment had no significant effect on 1000 seed weight. B. juncea exhibited significantly higher yield over B. campestris. N supply up to 120 kg ha
18.
黄淮海夏大豆产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为探讨大豆主要农艺性状对大豆产量影响的主次关系,运用灰色关联度分析法,对黄淮海地区16 个品种12 点试验进行产量与农艺性状的分析,从而为黄淮海地区大豆育种提供理论依据。结果表明：产量与主要农艺性状的关联度大小依次是单株粒重＞分枝数＞株高＞生育日数＞单株荚数＞单株粒数＞主茎节数＞底荚高度＞百粒重。可见,对大豆新品种选育时,应优先考虑单株粒重,分枝数,株高和生育日数。 相似文献
19.
采用超临界CO2流体萃取南瓜子油,气相色谱等方法测定了南瓜子油的理化成分、脂肪酸组成、品质特性。结果表明,南瓜子含粗蛋白质为33.28%,粗脂肪为42.77%;超临界CO2流体萃取南瓜子油的提取率为90%,明显优于其他提取方法;南瓜子油含丰富不饱和脂肪酸,其中亚油酸占52.29%,所得南瓜子油品质良好酸价为1.46 mg/g,过氧化值为1.62 mmol/kg。 相似文献
20.
Tocopherols are one of the most important bioactive compounds in vegetable oils. It is known that these antioxidants present a dilution like relationship with oil weight per grain but the mechanism underlying this relationship are unknown. The aim of this work was to analyze the dynamics of tocopherol accumulation in sunflower grains, its relationship with oil accumulation and its effects on final oil quality in genotypes with different fatty acid composition. Three field experiments were conducted with genotypes with different potential fatty acid composition (a traditional, a high oleic and a high stearic−high oleic) and treatments with different source (intercepted solar radiation) or sink (grains) during grain filling to obtain varied grain filling conditions and grains with different oil concentration and oil unsaturation. Intercepted solar radiation modified oil per grain but did not affect tocopherol per grain. The rate of accumulation explained 79% and 74% of the oil and tocopherol per grain variation, respectively. When intercepted solar radiation increased, the duration of the period of oil and tocopherols accumulation increased, being the first the most responsive. These differences in the duration of accumulation periods are reflected in a larger relative increase in oil than tocopherols per grain and thus a dilution of the latter in the oil. These differences in the dynamics of oil and tocopherol accumulation are common to genotypes with different level of unsaturation. These results help to understand the mechanism associated with the dilution curve of oil tocopherol concentration reported in the literature. 相似文献