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1.
Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L., subsp. monococcum), emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schuebl [Schrank], subsp. dicoccum) and spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) may be rich in lipophilic antioxidants (tocols and carotenoids), and therefore potential food sources with good nutritional properties. The aim of the present study was to determine the contents of major lipophilic antioxidants beneficial for human health in wheat varieties and landraces for breeding and production. In field experiments over two years, fifteen einkorn, emmer and spring wheat varieties were analysed for the contents of tocols and carotenoids in grain. A high carotenoid content (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene) was typical for the selected einkorn genotypes. Among the analysed wheat species, the highest content was of β-tocotrienol, especially in the einkorn accessions. α-Tocotrienol was abundant in einkorn and emmer wheat species. Higher contents of α- and β-tocopherols were characteristic of spring and emmer wheats. δ-Tocotrienol has been detected for the first time in einkorn and some emmer accessions, although in low concentrations. Significant effects of genotype on the contents of carotenoids and tocols were found with einkorn differing from emmer and spring wheats. The year of cultivation had less effect on the contents of carotenoids and tocols. Selected accessions of einkorn with high contents of carotenoids and tocotrienols as well as spring and emmer wheats with higher contents of tocopherols are good sources of antioxidants with potential health promoting benefits for the production of nutritionally enhanced foods. 相似文献
2.
播期推迟对冬小麦产量形成和籽粒品质的调控效应 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
为了明确推迟播期对小麦产量形成和品质的影响,选用2个冬小麦品种(轮选987和京冬8号),在大田条件下研究了播期推迟对小麦群体动态、物质积累、产量构成和籽粒品质的调控效应.结果表明,播期推迟能显著降低小麦冬前分蘖数,促进春季分蘖的发生和成穗,提高分蘖成穗率.播期对小麦植株干物质积累的影响存在基因型差异.播期推迟引起小麦产量构成因素的变化,进而导致籽粒产量下降,且京冬8号出现显著下降时对应的播期早于轮选987.播期推迟后小麦籽粒中的淀粉含量呈下降趋势,蛋白质含量呈上升趋势,同时二者的主要组成成份也随之改变.因此,冀东地区选用轮选987且适当早播(10月5日播种)可以获得高产;推迟播期至10月10日则籽粒品质提高,但要注意加强小麦生育后期的田间管理,防止粒重明显降低. 相似文献
3.
Despite large variation among crop genotypes in response to Fe fertilization, there is no reliable indicator for identifying Fe-deficiency tolerant wheat genotypes with high grain yield. The aim of this investigation was to compare the grain yield response of 20 spring and 30 winter bread wheat genotypes to Fe fertilization under field conditions and to select high grain yield Fe-deficiency tolerant genotypes using a stress tolerance indicator (STI). Two individual trials, each one consisting two field plot experiments, were conducted during 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 growing seasons. Spring wheat genotypes (Trial l) and winter wheat genotypes (Trial 2) were planted at two different locations. Two Fe rates (0 and 20 kg Fe ha−1 as Fe-EDTA) were applied. Spring and winter wheat genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.01) in the grain yield both with and without added Fe treatments. Application of Fe fertilizer increased grain yield of spring wheat genotypes by an average of 211 and 551 kg ha−1 in Karaj and Isfahan locations, respectively. By Fe application, the mean grain yield of winter wheat genotypes increased 532 and 798 kg ha−1 in Karaj and Isfahan sites, respectively. Iron efficiency (Fe-EF) significantly differed among wheat genotypes and ranged from 65% to 113% for spring wheat and from 69% to 125% for winter wheat genotypes. No significant correlation was found between Fe-EF and grain yield of spring wheat genotypes under Fe deficient conditions. For winter wheat genotypes grown in Mashhad, Fe-efficiency was not significantly correlated with the grain yield produced without added Fe treatment. The STI was significantly (P < 0.01) varied among spring and winter wheat genotypes. The interaction between location and genotype had no significant effect on the STI. According to these results, the STI should be considered as an effective criterion for screening programs, if a high potential grain yield together with more stable response to Fe fertilization in different environments is desired. 相似文献
4.
This study determined the profile of hydrophobic phytochemicals (steroid-like components and lipophilic phenolics) and antioxidant potential (DPPH and Rancimat tests) of wheat grain in relation to sowing date (standard vs. delayed) using six cultivars of Triticum aestivum wheat grown in Poland. The study found that “sowing time” generally had a low impact on sterols, carotenoids, squalene and total lipophilic phenolics in wheat grain. The highest impact of “sowing time” was noted for α-tocopherol, C19:0 alkylresorcinol and campesterol. Delayed sowing reduced their content by up to 9%. The antioxidant potential of grain extracts obtained by the use of water-saturated butanol (WSB) was mostly cultivar-dependent (depending on assay: DPPH 56.3% and Rancimat 75.1% of explained variation, respectively). Wheat grain WSB extracts increased rapeseed oil induction time by up to 21% and their antioxidant capacity was up to 1.24 μM TEg−1. 相似文献
5.
为确定北疆小麦适宜的播种模式,以北疆主栽冬小麦品种新冬18号和新冬41号及春小麦品种新春44号和新春48号为材料,设置晚播冬小麦(10月8日播种,用B1表示)、极晚播冬小麦和冬播春小麦(10月28日播种,用B2表示)以及春播春小麦(4月4日播种,用B3表示)三种播种模式,比较分析了播种模式间小麦的生育进程、总茎数、叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累量、经济系数、产量及水分利用效率的差异。结果表明,B2处理的冬小麦较B1处理晚熟约7 d,生育期缩短162 d,出苗率、最高总茎数、LAI、总光合势、干物质积累量及总耗水量分别降低27.6个百分点、17.1%、11.5%、9.6%、3.7%和15.9%,而水分利用效率提高15.7%,平均经济系数和产量与B1处理无显著差异;B2处理的春小麦较B3处理早熟7 d,生育期延长约4 d,出苗率、最高总茎数、LAI和总耗水量分别降低28.1个百分点、7.6%、5.2%和12.3%,总... 相似文献
6.
Grain composition of Virginia winter barley and implications for use in feed,food, and biofuels production 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Carl Griffey Wynse Brooks Michael Kurantz Wade Thomason Frank Taylor Don Obert Robert Moreau Rolando Flores Miryeong Sohn Kevin Hicks 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010
Grain compositional components impacting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) use in food, feed and fuel products, must be combined with improved agronomic traits to produce a commercially viable barley cultivar. Little current information is available on grain composition and variability among winter barley genotypes. This study was conducted to determine the variability among modern hulled and hulless winter barley genotypes in grain composition. Barley types varied significantly in grain and kernel weight, starch, beta-glucan, oil and ash content, but not in protein concentration. Hulless barley had significantly higher grain test weight and starch concentration than hulled and malting types, and significantly higher beta-glucan than malting barley. Hulless barley had significantly lower kernel weights, oil, and ash concentrations than hulled and malting types. Higher starch and lower fiber and ash in grain of hulless barley versus hulled feed or malting type barley are characteristics that increase hulless barley desirability. Selection for high starch concentration among all barley types is feasible and will facilitate development of barley cultivars better suited for use in feed, malt, and ethanol production. 相似文献
7.
为研究灌浆期高温对冬小麦灌浆和产量的影响,以耐热型品种淮麦33和高温敏感型品种华成3366为材料,于灌浆期（花后14~20 d）进行高温处理,以田间自然温度生长的小麦为对照,研究高温对旗叶叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量和糖含量以及籽粒淀粉含量和淀粉合成关键酶活性的影响,并对小麦粒重、产量等指标进行测定。结果表明,高温处理显著降低了淮麦33和华成3366旗叶的叶绿素含量,降幅分别为5.88%和9.86%;降低了两品种旗叶的抗氧化酶活性,提高了旗叶MDA、可溶性糖和蔗糖含量;高温处理也显著降低了两品种籽粒的腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（AGPase）、结合态淀粉合成酶（GBSS）、可溶性淀粉合成酶（SSS）和淀粉分支酶（SBE）活性,并减少了支链淀粉和总淀粉含量,其中淮麦33和华成3366的籽粒总淀粉含量分别下降了5.63%和8.77%;高温处理主要降低了淮麦33小穗第3粒位的粒重及华成3366小穗第1、2和3粒位的粒重,2018-2019、2019-2020年度淮麦33和华成3366的产量分别下降了5.07%和16.33%、6.23%和8.90%。与高温敏感型品种华成3366相比,耐热型品种淮麦33受高温影响较小。综上所述,灌浆期高温处理显著降低旗叶叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性,影响叶片中碳水化合物的转运,导致淀粉合成关键酶活性、淀粉含量和产量降低。 相似文献
8.
生态环境和播期对小麦籽粒产量及品质性状间相关性的影响 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
为了解不同生态环境下小麦产量与品质性状间的相关性及其受主要气候生态因子影响的变化规律,选用6个不同类型小麦品种在5个不同生态点分期播种。研究结果表明,小麦产量与品质性状间的相关性在不同品种、不同生态点与不同播期条件下存在显著差异。在6个小麦品种中,淀粉含量与面粉筋力间存在负相关关系。南京与姜堰两地在提高小麦品质时产量水平相应降低,而徐州、泰安与保定三地可以同步增加产量与蛋白质含量,但面粉筋力与烘烤品质不能保证相应的提高。晚播与早播、适播相比,蛋白质含量虽有所增加,但产量与其它品质性状都有所下降。随着灌浆期日均温的升高以及日较差的增大,蛋白质含量与沉淀值的相关系数减小;灌浆期间日较差越大,蛋白质含量与千粒重的相关性以及淀粉含量与沉淀值间的相关性均由负相关逐渐趋向于正相关;随灌浆期间的总日照时数增加,淀粉含量与沉淀值间的相关系数增大,由负相关逐渐变为正相关。因此,在小麦生态育种和调优栽培研究中,需要重视不同生态环境因子对小麦籽粒品质性状影响的不同步性。 相似文献
9.
The effect of forage removal on the growth of five winter and five spring triticale genotypes was studied in 1992 and 1993 in field experiments in north-eastern Spain. When cut, winter triticales produced more biomass and leaf area than spring types owing to their higher tillering capacity. The leaf area index (LAI) at anthesis was similar in both groups in both clipped and uncut plots, but spring triticales had a greater leaf area on the main stem than winter types. Winter types had a greater leaf area on the tillers than spring types. Spring and winter types had a similar physiological response to forage removal, except for modifications in flag leaf area. In spring types triticale flag leaf area was reduced by clipping, whereas in winter types flag leaf area was increased. Forage removal resulted in less dry-matter accumulation in all plant parts, maximum weight of the plant being reduced by about 20% and the rate of growth by around 13%. LAI at anthesis decreased by 37% as a result of clipping, and the leaf area duration from anthesis to maturity decreased by 36%. The duration of growth increased after clipping. Heading, anthesis and maturity dates were delayed by clipping, but grain filling duration was not affected. 相似文献
10.
用来自意大利的7个冬小麦品种和国内的4个冬小麦品种，在同一地点进行不同播期处理，结果表明，所有品种在冬前播种均能完成生活周期；3个中国冬性小麦品种和6个意大利冬性小麦品种于春播时均在ZGS26－32时停止发育，未能抽穗结实，不能完成生活周期；而来自意大利和中国的2个弱冬性品种于第4期播种（3月10日）时能完成生活周期，在第5期播种（3月30日）则不能完成生活周期。冬性品种和弱冬性品种均随播期推迟而株高渐矮，但意大利品种变矮的幅度较小。播期对每平方米穗数和每穗不孕小穗影响最大，对穗长和结实小穗影响较小。冬小麦品种随播期推迟籽粒产量和千粒重渐低，而籽粒蛋白质含量渐高。 相似文献
11.
播后镇压和冬前灌溉对土壤条件和冬小麦生育特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示冬灌和镇压的作用,以冬小麦品种石新828和石麦12号为材料,研究了冬灌和镇压措施对麦田土壤水热条件和冬小麦生育特性的影响。结果表明,与不冬灌相比,冬灌条件下,冬季和春季土壤含水量提高,土壤温度较稳定。与不镇压相比,镇压处理的冬前和起身期土壤含水量及冬前夜间土壤温度提高。冬灌处理冬小麦在越冬后各时期的总茎数、LAI、干物质积累量有所降低,开花期叶片光合速率显著下降,灌浆后期叶片SPAD值下降也较快,每穗总小穗数、结实小穗数、穗粒数和产量均减少。镇压使小麦开花前干物质积累量减少,但对成熟期干物质积累量影响不显著,因为开花后光合速率提高,叶片SPAD值下降较缓慢,开花后干物质积累较多。镇压处理成熟期的单位面积穗数降低,但由于穗粒数和千粒重提高,镇压与不镇压的产量差异不显著。从本研究结果看,冬灌是一项防冻保苗的有效措施,与播后镇压配合可减缓冬季低温和温度剧烈变化对小麦的不利影响。 相似文献
12.
北京地区玉米子粒脱水特性与适宜收获期研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在北京地区采用9个供试品种设置春播和夏播试验,分析不同品种的子粒脱水动态,构建各品种子粒脱水模型,进而预测各品种适宜收获期。结果发现,北京地区至10月1日小麦正常播种期,郑单958、先玉335等9个春播玉米品种子粒含水率均能下降至25%以下,实现田间机械直收子粒,且春玉米播种具备较宽的窗口期。夏玉米6月15日常规播期种植条件下,至10月1日仅有早熟、脱水快的品种丰垦139和迪卡517子粒含水率可以勉强降至25%,其余7个供试品种子粒含水率下降至25%的时间分布于10月11日至11月1日,夏播玉米实现机械粒收会影响冬小麦的播种。因此,在北京地区,改冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟制为春小麦-夏玉米(晚收)或春玉米-冬小麦-夏玉米(晚收)两年三熟制,选择适合玉米粒收的品种,可以实现春玉米和夏玉米的田间机械粒收,提高玉米种植效益。 相似文献
13.
玉米播期推迟与生长发育、有效积温关系研究 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
试验选用先玉335、郑单958和浚单20为供试品种,从5月6日至6月7日共设7个播期,研究春旱条件下玉米播期推迟与生长发育、有效积温的关系。结果表明,随播种期推迟各阶段生育进程加快,播种期推迟30 d,播种至出苗天数缩短4 d;出苗至抽雄天数各品种间表现不同,先玉335缩短11 d,郑单958缩短8 d,浚单20缩短3 d。随播期的推迟株高和穗位高增高,总叶片数和穗上叶片数不变;秃尖增长,行粒数减少,穗长、穗粗和穗行数不变;子粒长度减小,宽度不变,千粒重和容重降低,播期对千粒重的影响大于容重。产量与玉米生长期有效积温呈正相关,浚单20的相关系数最大,其次是先玉335,郑单958最小。研究结果表明,浚单20播期最迟为5月16日(有效积温2752.9℃.d),先玉335播期最迟为5月23日(有效积温2624.4℃.d),郑单958播期最迟可至5月27日(有效积温2560.9℃.d)。 相似文献
14.
不同耕作方式对春玉米土壤水分、温度及产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究覆膜与露地、垄作与平作及膜下与膜侧播种对黑龙港区域春玉米产量形成过程的调节效应。结果表明,覆膜、垄作和膜下播种均显著提高耕层土壤温度,玉米吐丝前增温效果更明显;覆膜对耕层土壤含水量的调控效应达显著水平,吐丝前后分别提高11.08%和10.38%;覆膜能显著提高春玉米苗期、吐丝期和成熟期叶面积指数和干物质积累量,垄作和膜下播种仅显著提高了苗期叶面积指数和干物质积累量;覆膜、垄作和膜侧播种显著提高春玉米产量,增产幅度分别为10.3%~21.7%、8.5%~12.3%和2.8%~6.6%,增产的原因主要是穗粒数的显著增加。 相似文献
15.
福州地区春大豆基因型,播期对产量的效应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文分析了基因型的播种期对春大豆产量及其构成因素的效应,结果表明,播期对春大豆产量及饱粒重的效应大于基因型,而对总荚数的效应较小,因此,必须重视春大豆的播种期,尽量使结荚鼓粒期提前在高温干旱到来之前完成,乃是春大豆高产的关键。不同基因型对环境的反应略有不同,因此要根据不同的前作物和春大豆的播种期,选择合适的基因型。 相似文献
16.
The aims of this study were to assess the linear relationships between agronomic and nutritional traits and identify promising traits for indirect selection in transgenic genotypes of maize. Eighteen transgenic maize genotypes were assessed in randomized blocks with three replications. The agronomic (number of days from sowing until male flowering, number of days from sowing until female flowering, plant height, ear insertion height and grain yield) and nutritional (crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, starch and amylose) traits were measured. Analysis of variance was run for each of the 10 traits and phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficient matrices estimated. Ridge path analysis were performed the nutritional traits were treated as main variable (dependent) and agronomic traits as explanatory variables (independents). The number of days from sowing until female flowering has a positive linear relationship to crude protein, ether extract and starch. Plant height has a positive linear relationship to crude fiber. Ear height has a positive linear relationship to amylose. Grain yield has a positive linear relationship to starch. The number of days from sowing until male flowering, plant height, ear height and grain yield can be used indirect selection in maize. 相似文献
17.
Syamkumar S. Pillai Duroy A. Navarre John Bamberg 《American Journal of Potato Research》2013,90(5):440-450
Sixty-five Solanum tuberosum group Andigena, Phureja and Stenotomum genotypes from an initial population of 1,500 were analyzed for phenylpropanoids, carotenoids, and antioxidant capacity. Total phenolic content ranged from 3 to 49 mg g?1 DW, total carotenoids from 4.1 to 154 μg/g DW, anthocyanins from 0.27 to 34 mg g?1 DW and antioxidant capacity from 60 to 1,767 μmol TE/g DW. HPLC analysis of phenolic extracts revealed that 5-O-chlorogenic acid (5CGA) was the most abundant polyphenol in all genotypes. Ten genotypes were independently grown out for more in-depth phytonutrient analysis. The Phureja genotypes RN 27.01 had the highest polyphenol, anthocyanin and antioxidant content, while RN 39.05 had the highest carotenoid content. The tuber percentage dry matter varied markedly among the ten genotypes, influencing the phytonutrient values when expressed on a dry weight basis. Chlorogenic acid concentrations ranged from 1.7 to 29.4 mg g?1 DW and kaempferol-3-rutinose was present up to 3 mg g?1 DW. Petunidin-3-O-coum-rutinoside-5-O-glu or pelargonidin-3-O-coum-rutinoside-5-O-glu were the most abundant anthocyanins. The principal carotenoids were lutein, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, and antheraxanthin, but no one carotenoid was predominant in all genotypes. These findings further support utilization of Phureja group germplasm for phytonutrient enhancement efforts. 相似文献
18.
为探明北疆超晚播条件下,冬、春性小麦品种间生育特性及产量的差异,采用田间试验（10月31日播种,冬前不灌水）,比较了6个冬性和5个春性小麦品种的生育特性及产量。结果表明,春性品种出苗率明显高于冬性品种,春性品种平均生育期（91.8 d）比冬性品种(95.0 d)短约3.0 d;春性品种总茎数平均峰值（869.3×104·hm-2）明显高于冬性品种（772.4×104·hm-2）;叶面积指数和干物质积累量的平均值在春、冬性品种间差异不明显;新冬41、新春6号、新春43号的产量较高,为7 581.6~7 935.6 kg·hm-2,获得高产的穗数为431.7×104~515.8× 104·hm-2,穗粒数 31.6~36.3,千粒重46.8~52.8 g。综合考虑产量、出苗率、成熟期等因素,初步认为新春6号、新冬41号、新春43号适合在北疆超晚播。 相似文献
19.
以桂华占、八桂香为材料,不同播期调控下,研究不同播期下优质稻花后植株碳氮流转与籽粒生长及品质的相关性.结果表明:(1)花后茎鞘、叶片干物质运转速度和运转率都与籽粒起始灌浆势呈正相关.籽粒活跃灌浆期、持续灌浆时间与花后茎鞘、叶片干物质运转速度和运转率呈极显著正相关.(2)播种期推迟不利于茎鞘碳同化物向穗部流转,茎鞘碳同化物转运对籽粒的产量和淀粉产量的贡献率表现为淀粉＞可溶性糖＞蔗糖,茎鞘碳同化物对籽粒产量及淀粉产量的贡献率远高于叶片.可溶性糖转运对籽粒产量和淀粉产量贡献率表现为SD1＞SD2＞SD3;蔗糖、淀粉对籽粒的产量贡献率表现为SD1＞SD2＞SD3.茎叶可溶性糖积累量的减少与籽粒直链淀粉含量和积累量增加是同步的,并且,茎叶可溶性糖积累量快速递减期(花后3～12 d)与直链淀粉含量和积累量快速递增期(花后6～12d)同步.(3)播种期推迟减少茎鞘和叶片总氮的积累,籽粒氮收获指数降低,但是播种期的推迟却增加茎鞘和叶片器官蛋白氮积累,有利于籽粒蛋白质含量提高. 相似文献
20.
气候变暖情况下播期对陇东旱塬春玉米的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取陇东旱塬区主栽玉米先玉335为试验材料,在4月5日至5月5日设置7个播期对陇东旱塬春玉米生长发育、产量形成和水分利用的影响进行研究。结果表明,不同播期玉米各生育阶段积温存在差异,全生育期所需活动积温与有效积温受播期影响显著,播期提前或推后均可以在一定程度上增加陇东旱塬春玉米产量,但播期提前较推后可以获得更高产量。株高随播期的推迟增高,穗长、穗粒数、秃尖长等果穗性状指标没有显著差异。从研究结果来看,陇东旱塬4月5～20日播种春玉米均可获得较高产量,但4月5日播期耗水量显著高于其他播期,水分利用效率较低。 相似文献