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1.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):17-26
Two‐year‐old seedlings of Betula pendula Roth of three provenances were cut to stump heights of 0 and 10 cm. The birch stumps were exposed to different light levels (25–400 μEm?2s?1) and temperatures (6–24°C) for 100 days in climate chambers. Birches were also cut down to seven stump heights (0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) and exposed to light intensity 25 and 200 μEm?2s?1 at 12/6°C for 100 days in climate chambers. In the third experiment 10 cm stumps of birch were exposed to different light intensities (10–400 μEm?2s?1) for 30 days in a greenhouse at 20°C. Starch content in root systems was analyzed before and after treatment. Ten stumps per treatment were used in the experiments except the third experiment where 15 stumps were used. The number of sprouting stumps was correlated with light intensity and temperature. None of the stumps exposed to 6 or 9°C produced suckers. At stump height 0 cm fewer sprouting stumps were produced than at 10 cm. The mean height of suckers was higher the higher the temperature both on 0 and 10 cm stumps. There were differences between provenances in height growth. The number of suckers per sprouting stump was not related to temperature or light intensity. Starch content in root systems of 10 cm high stumps was 4.0% compared with 14.7% in root systems of non‐stumped birch plants after 30 days in the greenhouse. Starch content decreased from 4.0 to 3.0% with decreasing light intensity (400–10 μEm?2S?1). The number of suckers and their mean height were correlated with starch content depending on light intensity. 相似文献
2.
Radim Matula Martin Svátek Jana K?rová Lubo? úradní?ek Jan Kadavy Michal Kneifl 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(5):1501-1511
Coppicing was widespread across Europe for many centuries, but during the last 150?years, it has been largely abandoned. Most of the former coppices have been converted to high forest, especially in Central and northwestern Europe. Recently, there has been renewed interest in restoring coppices in some regions, primarily for biomass production and nature conservation. However, there is limited information on the sprouting ability of European tree species, which is the key prerequisite for successful coppice restoration. To address this gap, we evaluated the post-harvest stump sprouting of the three main species of Central European coppices—sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl.), European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.)—in relation to the stump diameter and density of residual trees. Lime and hornbeam resprouted from stumps of all diameters, but sprouting ability declined with increasing stump diameter in sessile oak. Lime produced greater numbers of sprouts with greater diameters and heights than either oak or hornbeam. The number of sprouts per stump increased with stump diameter in all three species as did the height of lime and hornbeam sprouts, whereas there was no such effect on the height of oak sprouts. The sprouting of hornbeam and oak increased and decreased, respectively, with an increasing density of residual trees. In conclusion, our study shows that all of the studied species are able to resprout even at an old age and after a long period of neglect; however, there were important differences among the species. The results also indicate that the age of the parent trees at the time of cutting may significantly affect the tree species composition of a newly restored coppice. 相似文献
4.
The survival and development of Liaodong oak (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz) stump sprouts were studied for 6 years under leave-tree, as well as 60 and 75% crown closure uniform shelterwood in the Huanglong Mountains of China. Stump sprout survival rate, number of sprouts, and sprout height under the three partial harvests during the first year post-harvest did not differ. Six years post-harvest, 78.32% of the stumps had living sprouts. No variation in sprout survival was found among the treatments throughout the study period. The number of living sprouts per stump was 13.77 ± 0.50 in the first growing season after harvest, and dropped to 6.49 ± 0.22 after 6 years. This result indicated the occurrence of self-thinning within the sprout clumps. Moreover, the height of dominant sprout increased from 52.88 ± 1.62 cm (in the first year) to 132.82 ± 2.35 cm (in the sixth year) post-harvest. Sprout height in the leave-tree harvest type was higher than those in the two shelterwoods in the fifth and sixth years after logging. Annual height growth was approximately 8–96 cm during the first growing season, and then decreased at a rate of 1–44 cm per year in the following years. A negative relationship was found between sprout height and the number of sprouts per stump. This result indicated a trade-off between the number of sprouts and height growth. The number of sprouts per stump decreased by about 0.2 stem for each 1 m2/ha increased in residual basal area. Therefore, sprouting may play an important role in the restoration of the secondary forest after harvesting. 相似文献
5.
Sprout contribution to natural regeneration of Rhododendron arboreum following the tree felling for fuel wood and other purposes was studied in two disturbed sites (Paipraw and Falockchar) of
Rhododendron forest in Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. Cut stumps were categorized into seven girth and height classes to evaluate
the effect of stump girth and height on production of sprouts. Effect of stump girth on survival of sprouts was also investigated.
Results show that highest number of cut stumps is recorded in medium girth classes (50–80, 80–110, and 110–140 cm) in both
Paipraw and Falockchar stands. However, density of cut stumps is higher in Paipraw (1 210 stumps·ha−1) than Falockchar (1 154 stumps·ha−1). Nevertheless, a little higher percentage of sprouting is recorded in Falockchar (18%) than that of Paipraw (15%). Similarly,
maximum number of cut stumps is observed in the medium height classes (50–80, 80–110 and 110–140 cm) in both the sites. Cut
stumps with lower girths show greater ability of sprouting than that of larger girth classes. Significant correlations are
observed between stump girth and sprout number and between stump height and number of sprouts. Survival of sprouts also depends
on stump girth. Survival of sprout shows significant variations between different sampling times in both the sites. Though
overall sprout regeneration of R. arboreum is very poor, sprouts arising from lower girth classes survive well than those of higher girth classes. The findings of this
investigation signify that stump sprouting is not playing much role in the natural regeneration of R. arboreum though it has the ability to sprout. Sprout survival is not adequate to restore a stand where indiscriminate tree felling
is continued and the species may be considered as a poor coppicer. Therefore, regeneration through seeds and seedlings should
be preferred over regeneration through sprouting. 相似文献
6.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):77-83
Young trees (4–5 year old) of Betula pubescens Ehrh. growing in a stand in the middle of Sweden (lat. 60°15'N) were cut in early June to stump heights of 0 and 10 cm. The birch stumps were exposed to different relative light intensities (100, 50, 25 and 10%) for 100 days until mid September. Five stumps per treatment were used in a randomized complete block with seven blocks on mesic dwarf‐shrub type with low herbs and three blocks on moist dwarf‐shrub type. The number of sprouting stumps was correlated with relative light intensity and forest type. 2.5 % of the stumps of mesic and 14 % of moist forest type did not produce suckers. On mesic forest type, 7% of the stumps exposed to 10% light did not sprout compared with 1.4, 3.0 and 0% at 25, 50 and 100% light, respectively. At stump height 0 cm fewer sprouting stumps were produced than at 10 cm. The mean height of suckers was significantly lower at 10% light intensity than at other levels. The number of suckers per sprouting stump was not related to light intensity but to forest type. More suckers were produced on mesic than on moist forest type. The dry weight of suckers was significantly lower at 10 and 25% relative light intensity than at 50 and 100%. On moist forest type, the dry weight of suckers was lower than on mesic forest type. 相似文献
8.
Bonifacio Mostacedo Francis E. Putz Todd S. Fredericksen Armando Villca Turian Palacios 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
A major impediment to the sustainable management of tropical dry forests in Bolivia is the scarcity of natural regeneration of commercial timber tree species. Where regeneration is present, true seedlings of many species are outnumbered by vegetative sprouts from roots, broken stems, and the stumps of felled trees. This study evaluates the importance of resprouts promoted by logging operations for the regeneration of commercially important canopy tree species. The objectives of the study were: (1) to characterize stump and root sprouting behaviors of canopy tree species harvested for timber; (2) to quantify the effect of logging on relative abundances and growth rates of stump sprouts, root sprouts, and true seedlings; (3) to relate the species-specific probabilities of stump sprouting to stump diameter and stump height; and (4) to explore how sprouting varies with the ecological requirements of canopy tree species. The study was carried out 1–5 years after logging of a privately owned land in a Bolivian tropical dry forest. Twenty-seven of the 31 species monitored resprouted at least occasionally, among which Centrolobium microchaete (Leguminosae-Fabaceae) and Zeyheria tuberculosa (Bignoniaceae) were the most frequent stump sprouters, and Acosmium cardenasii (Leguminosae-Fabaceae) and C. microchaete were the most frequent root sprouters. In all species the number of sprouts declined with increasing stump diameter and stump height. The probability of stump resprouting differed among species but did not vary consistently with stump diameter, except in Z. tuberculosa in which it declined. Approximately 45% of juveniles <2 m tall of canopy tree species originated from root or stem sprouts. Light-demanding species tended to regenerate more from seeds and root sprouts than from stumps. Seedling densities were higher in microsites opened by logging, while root and stem sprouts were equally common across microsites. Given their abundance and the fact that root and stem sprouts at least initially grew faster than true seedlings, we conclude that vegetative regeneration in this tropical dry forest is an important mode of post-logging regeneration especially for species that regenerate poorly from seed. Resprout management should be considered as a potentially effective strategy for the procurement of regeneration following logging, especially for species that do not readily recruit from seed. 相似文献
9.
This study explores the sprouting characteristics of an evergreen broad-leaved forest after clear-cutting based on a survey
of 1,893 stumps of 62 tree species in Okinawa, Japan. The sprouting capabilities of the stumps varied among tree species.
The stumps of 60 species could produce sprouts, while those of the other two species could not. In 10 of the sprouting species,
the mean sprout-stem number was higher than 4.0 stems per stump; nine sprouting species showed low sprouting capabilities.
Additionally, Castanopsis sieboldii and Schima wallichii, the dominant species, exhibited high sprouting capabilities. Further, the sprouting capabilities varied with stump diameter
at breast height (DBH). Stumps with a larger DBH tended to have a higher mean number of sprout stems per stump, higher DBH,
and higher tree height than the smaller stumps. The forest stands regenerated by sprouting might recover into a tree community
similar to that before clear-cutting. 相似文献
10.
Elias Milios Kyriaki Kitikidou Panagiota Andreadou 《European Journal of Forest Research》2017,136(5-6):971-979
The aims of this study were to analyze the sprouting characteristics of Quercus pubescens and Q. frainetto trees after a wildfire and to recommend the appropriate silvicultural treatments in order to achieve dense sprout origin regeneration. This study was carried out in the area that was burned in a wildfire in northeastern Greece. Three years later, 140 Q. pubescens trees and 140 Q. frainetto trees were selected. Seventy trees for each species were individuals that were cut after the fire and were in the form of stumps, while 70 trees were intact top-killed trees, as a result of fire. In each stump and intact tree that was selected, various parameters were measured or counted: the diameter at the level of ground, the number of the developed sprouts (if any) and the height as well as the basal diameter of the tallest sprout, etc. Both species have similar sprouting behavior after a wildfire. Mother tree dimensions positively influenced the number of sprouts and the growth of the tallest sprout per individual. The mean height of the tallest sprout per stump, after three growing seasons from the forest fire, is high in both species (2.08 m for Q. pupescens and 2.29 m for Q. frainetto). Cut stumps had more sprouts than intact trees in both species. Forest practice, in order to maximize the sprouting of Q. pubescens and Q. frainetto trees after a forest fire, should cut the burned trees before the next growing season. 相似文献
11.
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):509-518
Altogether 1 080 two‐year‐old silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) were planted in groups of 36 plants at aspacing of 20 x 20 Cm in spring 1983 on a nursery field at lat. 60° 15 N and long. 16°00 E. In spring 1984 all plants were cut with 10 cm high stumps and light screens were arranged on the stump groups. Relative ¡rradiance (RI) 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of full sunlight were used. After five growing seasons, all stumps exposed to 5 or 10% light intensity were dead, and 64–94% of stumps exposed to 25–100% RI were alive. 1.3–1.4 sprouts per living stump were living five years after cutting. The mean height of sprouts was highest on stumps exposed to 100% light. Also dry weights of leaves and sprouts, number of leaves per sprout, and leaf area were highest on stumps exposed to full sunlight. Stumps producting only one sprout five years after cutting have higher height and dry weight values than stumps with more sprouts. The biomass production per hectare and year for silver birch sprouts at a spacing of 0.2 m and with 90% survival was calculated as 5.4 tonnes. The biomass of leaves was 8.1 tonnes/ha/year five years after cutting. 相似文献
13.
对速生多用途树民占相思进行了不同伐桩高度（25cm,50cm,75cm和100cm)及不直径（4．1－8．0cm和8．1－12．0cm)萌芽更新影响的研究，结果表明，伐桩的萌芽率及平均萌条数随伐桩高度的增加而增加，随直径的增大而减少，萌条直径，长度及直萌条（可望生长成材之萌条）总断面积随伐桩的高低和大小而增减，伐桩最低的萌芽率比以往的结果高4倍以上，以短轮伐期经营的马占相思人工林，采用50－75cm伐桩高度萌芽更新效果好。 相似文献
14.
15.
Regeneration of commercial species is central to long-term success of multiaged management for wood production. We examined relationships between understory light, varying overstory tree retention, and growth of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens; commercial species) and tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) stump sprouts initiated by group selection and single-tree selection harvesting in 80–100 year old mixed stands at four sites. Treatments included a complete harvest in 1-ha group selection openings, low-density dispersed retention, and either aggregated or dispersed high-density retention. Post-harvest stand density index and basal area were useful predictors of understory light. Mean and maximum understory light did not differ significantly between treatments with the same density where residual trees were retained in aggregated versus dispersed spatial patterns. However, the dispersed retention had lower minimum light levels when compared to the aggregated retention treatment. Aspect appeared to influence understory light more in dispersed treatments. At all light levels, the dominant sprout within clumps of redwood stump sprouts generally grew faster than dominant tanoak sprouts within tanoak sprout clumps. Differences in sprout height growth between aggregated and dispersed treatments were minimal. Stump size had a significant effect on redwood stump sprout height growth, with sprouts on the largest stumps growing approximately twice as quickly as sprouts on the smallest stumps. In the low density dispersed treatment, redwood sprouts outperformed tanoak sprouts by the greatest margin. Regeneration of redwood and tanoak was most rapid within group selection openings. 相似文献
16.
The vigorous vegetative reproduction of intolerant deciduous competition limits the efficacy of mechanical release operations in young softwood plantations. Applying bioherbicides such as the fungus Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar could improve the effectiveness of release by reducing stump sprouting while gaining public acceptance. A field experiment was conducted in Québec (Canada) in two white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) plantations invaded by intolerant hardwoods. This study compared four-year response of traditional mechanical release and mechanical release with an application of C. purpureum under the commercial formulation Myco-Tech™. The general objective of the project was to measure the silvicultural efficacy and worker productivity related to applying C. purpureum to control intolerant hardwoods in young white spruce plantations. 相似文献
17.
Pertti Pulkkinen Lu-Min Vaario Leena Koivuranta Niina Stenvall 《European Journal of Forest Research》2013,132(5-6):791-800
This study aimed to understand the interaction between temperature and genotype in terms of the effect on early seedling development of European aspen (Populus tremula) and various F2-aspen hybrids. We evaluated the response of 16 different European aspen and F2-hybrid families on seed germination, survival rate and seedling height in one- and two-family trials under three different temperature regimes. In one-family trials, higher germination and higher survival rates were observed in higher temperature (C1700), leading to taller seedlings. European aspen × hybrid aspen individuals (Asp × Hyb) had a higher survival rate and taller seedlings than Asp, Hyb × Asp or Hyb × Hyb individuals. The difference between Asp × Hyb and Hyb × Asp was pronounced. Both growth conditions and genotype (i.e., hybrid cross) had strong effects on germination, survival rate and height of European aspen and F2-hybrid seedlings. However, the interaction of genotype and growth conditions also had a significant influence on survival rate and seedling height, but not on germination. Two-family trials involving European aspen and F2-hybrids led to significant negative effects on germination and survival rate and also facilitation effects on seedling height. Similarly, genotype had strong effects on germination and survival rate. Different genotypes and traits affected survival rate and seedling height differently in different growth conditions. These differences were more pronounced in the warmest environment, i.e., 1,700 degree days. We conclude that introgression between F2-hybrids and local European aspen is likely in the current climate, and any warming will likely favor certain F2-hybrids, especially the most probable types (P. tremula × (P. tremula × P. tremuloides)). 相似文献
18.
Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is a foundational tree species of the North American boreal forest. After disturbance, clonal aspen stands quickly achieve canopy closure by sending up numerous clonal shoots (root suckers) from their lateral root system. Controlled aboveground disturbance will commonly induce prolific root suckering and thereby increase stem density in clonal aspen stands, but it is unclear if increases in stem density will be observed in planted seedling-origin aspen stands. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) overall root suckering response of planted aspen to aboveground disturbance; (2) if different cut heights of the stem or infliction of root damage impact the number of root suckers produced. We found that planted aspen regenerated readily after disturbance, averaging five root suckers per cut tree. However, individual response was highly variable, ranging from zero to 29 root suckers per root system. Of the cut trees, 75% produced at least one root sucker and 60% produced at least one stump sprout. Cutting trees close to the soil surface produced more root suckers than leaving a 25 cm stump. While root system size (mass and length) was well correlated with aboveground measures of planted aspen, root suckering was not related to root system size. As a result of increased forest reclamation efforts in the boreal forest region the planting of aspen has become a more common practice, necessitating a better understanding of the regeneration dynamics and root suckering potential of these planted and seedling-origin aspen forests. 相似文献
19.
不同直径伐桩对赤桉萌芽更新影响的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对速生树种赤桉进行了不同直径伐桩（２．１～６ｃｍ）萌芽更新影响的研究，结果表明：伐桩的萌芽率及平均萌条数随伐桩直径的增大而增大，萌条直径、高度随伐桩直径变化不大． 相似文献
20.
辽东栎伐桩萌苗的发育规律 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对黄土高原黄龙山林区辽东栎林固定样地连续6年的调查,研究间伐强度分别为13.4％(弱度间伐)和30.0％(强度间伐)的辽东栎伐桩萌苗的存活与生长规律.结果表明:1)间伐第1年,辽东栎伐桩均有萌生枝发生,每桩萌生枝数量和萌生枝高度在不同强度间无显著差异;2)萌生枝数量受伐桩高度和直径的影响,当伐桩高度较低时,萌生枝数量随伐桩高度的增加而增加,超过20cm后随之减少,呈三次抛物线关系;伐桩萌生枝数量随着伐桩直径增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势,直径30～50cm的伐桩萌生枝数量最多;3)伐桩萌生枝数量与最长萌生枝高度呈显著线性负相关,存在“萌生枝数量——高度权衡”现象;4)间伐第6年,伐桩的存活率为97.01％,强度间伐区萌生枝高度显著高于弱度间伐区;5)调查期间,辽东栎伐桩萌生枝数量逐年下降,伐桩产生的萌生枝数量越多,后期萌生枝死亡的数量也越多,表明伐桩能够自我稀疏,存在“萌代主”现象.在黄土高原地区,辽东栎伐桩萌芽潜力很大,应合理利用;间伐时伐桩高度应尽量低于20cm;伐桩直径在30～50cm更有利于其无性更新;间伐后伐桩应及时除蘖定株,促进萌生枝生长;间伐强度30.0％(强度间伐)更有利于辽东栎伐桩萌生枝的生长. 相似文献