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1.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015,(13)
为了解黑龙江林蛙(Rana amurensis)和东北林蛙(Rana dybowskii)的两性异形特征,试验动物为采自黑龙江省东部地区的黑龙江林蛙60只(公、母各半)和东北林蛙114只(公、母各半),测量头体长、头长、头宽、前臂及手长、后肢长和胫长,采用SPSS 17.0统计软件分析形态特征的两性异形特点。结果表明:两种林蛙的形态特征存在显著两性异形,黑龙江林蛙两性异形程度指数为0.082,东北林蛙两性异形程度指数为0.074。两种林蛙两性的所有局部形态特征均与其头体长呈显著正相关(除黑龙江林蛙雌性前臂及手长P0.05,其余均P0.001),两种林蛙雌雄头体长比值分别为1.089,1.080,雌性的头体长和头长均大于雄性,雄性前臂及手长均大于雌性。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(23)
为了解长白山地区东方铃蟾(Bombina orientalis)两性的形态特征差别,试验动物采自长白山北麓,测量体长、头长、头宽、吻长、眼间距、鼻间距、眼径、前臂及手长、后肢长、胫长、体重11项形态学指标,采用SPSS 22.0统计软件分析两性形态特征的差别。结果表明:雌雄东方铃蟾体长差异不显著(P0.05),雌性的吻长极显著大于雄性(P0.01),胫长显著小于雄性(P0.05),雄性体重、头宽、胫长与体长均呈显著正相关(P0.05),但头宽和胫长随体长的增长速率差异不显著(P0.05)。东方铃蟾两性同形的形态特征与铃蟾属其他物种相似,可能具有种属的特征。 相似文献
3.
为提高黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylax nigromaculata)养殖效益,探究养殖密度对黑斑侧褶蛙生长发育及两性异形的影响,对3种养殖密度(140,80,55只/m~2)的黑斑侧褶蛙的生长发育进行了比较研究。结果表明:不同养殖密度对黑斑侧褶蛙形态特征的影响显著,85日龄时不同养殖密度蛙的体长、体质量、头宽、前肢长、后肢长出现极显著差异(P<0.01),胫宽和肥满度差异显著(P<0.05),中等养殖密度蛙的各形态学指标显著高于其他养殖密度蛙的形态学指标,中、高养殖密度蛙的肥满度显著高于低养殖密度蛙的肥满度。不同养殖密度的黑斑侧褶蛙的饵料系数差异不显著(P>0.05),特定生长率差异显著(P<0.05),摄食率和质量增加率差异极显著(P<0.01),中等养殖密度蛙的特定增长率、质量增加率较其他两组养殖密度蛙的特定增长率、质量增加率高,低养殖密度蛙的摄食率较其他两组密度蛙的摄食率高。中、高养殖密度黑斑侧褶蛙两性异形(体长、体质量)出现时间较低密度蛙的早,雌雄体长、体质量的差异极显著(P<0.01),雌性体长、体质量均显著大于雄性。以体长为协变量的协方差分析头宽、前肢长、胫宽、后肢长局部性状的两性差异均不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
4.
为了解黄颡鱼二倍体和三倍体的形态特征区别,分别选取性成熟的黄颡鱼二、三倍体雌雄个体,测量鱼体形态各指标并进行比较研究。结果:雌性的体长/尾柄长、头长/尾柄长、头长/眼后头长之比均无显著差异(P0. 05),而体长/体高、体长/头长、体长/眼径、头长/眼径、体高/体厚有显著差异(P0.05);雄性的体长/体高、体长/头长、体长/尾柄长、体长/眼径、头长/眼径、头长/尾柄长、头长/眼后头长均无显著差异(P0.05),而体高/体厚的有显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明:可通过体高/体厚的比值快速鉴别雄性或雌性二、三倍体黄颡鱼,在体高相同的情况下三倍体比二倍体的体厚较薄。 相似文献
5.
对不同性别肉鸡的心肌易颤性、血清酶活性和电解质水平进行了比较,结果表明:(1)雄性肉鸡的电刺激诱颤阈和输钾诱颤阈均显著低于雌性肉鸡(P<0.05),二者均表明雄性肉鸡的心肌易颤性高于雌性肉鸡;(2)冷加压试验:冷加压5 min内心率和PT波宽出现了显著的变化,而且变化幅度雄性肉鸡均明显大于雌性肉鸡,提示雄性肉鸡的心肌易颤性高于雌性肉鸡;(3)雄性肉鸡LDH活性和CK活性极显著高于雌性肉鸡(P<0.01),而AST活性无显著差异(P>0.05);(4)K 、Na 、Cl-浓度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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8.
圈养金钱豹血液生理生化指标的测定 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
血液指标是反映动物生理机能和健康状况的重要指标,为了解和掌握圈养金钱豹的血液生理生化指标,测定了56头次金钱豹的40项血液生理生化值,并按年龄和性别进行分组比较。结果显示,血清磷(P)成体金钱豹雌雄间雌性LYMPH、ALB、P高于雄性,差异显著(P<0.05),雌性MO GR、BUN低于雄性,差异显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01);亚成体金钱豹雌雄性之间,雌性CK、AST高于雄性差异显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01),雌性P/O低于雄性差异显著(P<0.05);成体金钱豹雄性与亚成体雄性之间亚成体RBC、LYMPH、Ca、P/O、ALP、P高于成体,差异显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01),亚成体WBC、PMN、GLB、ALT、TP、AST低于成体差异显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01);成体金钱豹雌性与亚成体雌性之间,亚成体ALB、VLDL、Ca、A/G、ALP、P/O、P高于成体,差异显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01),亚成体TP、GLB、AST低于成体,差异显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01)。说明了建立金钱豹血液生理生化指标的必要性。 相似文献
9.
为了解叶尔羌高原鳅(Triplophysa yarkandensis)野生群体主要性状与体重的相关性,以及雌雄形态性状的差异,随机选择塔里木河流域野生的叶尔羌高原鳅30尾,雌雄各15尾。测量其全长(X_1)、体长(X_2)、叉长(X_3)、头长(X_4)、尾长(X_5)、体高(X_6)、吻长(X_7)、眼径(X_8)、头宽(X_9)、眼间隔(X_(10))、尾柄长(X_(11))、尾柄高(X_(12))等12个体尺性状,称量体重(Y)。结果表明,相关系数除X_8以外,各形态性状与Y的相关性均达到了显著水平(P0.05);通径分析中,表现为雄性组X_4X_5X_6,雌性组X_3X_(10);相关性剖析,雌性叶尔羌高原鳅X_3对Y的直接作用远大于间接作用,而X_(10)则相反;雄性叶尔羌高原鳅X_5对Y的直接作用和间接作用基本相当,但X_4和X_6则表现为间接作用远大于直接作用;所选性状对体重的决定程度总和分别为雌性97.3%、雄性97.5%;建立了各样本组候选形态性状与体重的多元回归方程: 相似文献
10.
为建立一种快速鉴别桑螟蛹和成虫性别的方法，利用体视解剖镜和超景深三维显微系统比较了桑螟雌雄蛹及成虫的外部形态特征和桑螟雌雄蛹的平均体质量差异，并应用该方法对桑螟种群的性比进行了调查与统计。结果表明：雌蛹具有在第8腹节的生殖孔和第9腹节的产卵孔连接成1道短裂缝的特征，而雄蛹生殖孔在第9腹节；在长度上，雌蛹腹部末端肛门裂缝、肛门裂缝与生殖孔产卵孔(雌)裂缝中间距离以及2道裂缝的总距离均极显著长于雄蛹；在体质量上，雌蛹平均体质量极显著大于雄蛹。桑螟成虫的雌蛾腹部较粗，末端平截；雄蛾腹部较细，末端尖。利用该方法对收集的953头桑螟蛹进行鉴别，发现雌蛹495头(占比51.94%),雄蛹458头(占比48.06%),雌雄比例接近1∶1。因此，桑螟雌雄蛹腹部末端肛门裂缝、肛门裂缝与生殖孔产卵孔裂缝中间距离、2道裂缝的总距离，以及蛹体质量均存在显著差异，可作为桑螟蛹雌雄鉴定依据；桑螟成虫腹部末端形态差异较大可作为性别鉴定依据，这些结果将为桑螟的生物学、预测预报、性信息素研究以及性诱剂开发等提供理论参考价值。 相似文献
11.
《African Zoology》2013,48(2):287-293
Sexual size dimorphism in the medium-sized lizard Oplurus cuvieri cuvieri, which is endemic to the dry deciduous forest of Madagascar, is presented. Adults are sexually dimorphic in body size, head size, and tail length. Males have a greater snout–vent length (SVL), head depth, head width, jaw length, tail length and body mass than females. Juvenile males have greater annual SVL growth rates than juvenile females, contributing to adult sexual size dimorphism. Moreover, the rates of increase in head depth and width differ significantly between the sexes after reaching maturity so that adult males have larger heads for a given body size than adult females. I suggest three proximate mechanisms that may cause sex-related differences in adult head size of O. c. cuvieri based on natural selection; to reduce intersexual food competition, sexual selection involving mate acquisition in males, and ontogenetic change of allometry to improve reproductive output in females. 相似文献
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《African Zoology》2013,48(1):38-44
We examined 170 museum specimens of the southern African gekkonid lizard Homopholis wahlbergii, to quantify sexual dimorphism, male and female reproductive cycles and diet. The largest male and female we recorded were 116 and 119 mm snout–vent length (SVL) respectively. We compared SVL, tail length, head length, head width and eye diameter and found no evidence of sexual dimorphism in any of these characters. The smallest female with thickened muscular oviducts and follicles, indicating sexual maturity, was 59 mm SVL, but the smallest female we found with fully developed eggs was 85mmSVL. Virtually all females larger than 59 mm appeared to be in some stage of reproduction, suggesting that females reproduce every year once they reach sexual maturity. Egg size ranged from 17–19mm long. Egg size was not correlated with maternal SVL. We found adult females with ready-to-lay eggs during the warmer months of the year, but not during winter and spring. The smallest sexually mature male was 72 mm SVL. Virtually all males larger than this size displayed at least semi-turgid testes and most adult male testes were at least semi-turgid for much of the year. The only significant decrease in testicular activity was in mid-winter (June–August), thus, spermatogenesis is closely tied to female follicular development and ovulation. Velvet geckos are largely insectivorous (92%) and feed on a broad spectrum of prey. Their diet was dominated both numerically (34%) and volumetrically (22%) by beetles. Lepidoptera were the next most important prey category, suggesting that they exploit both terrestrial and flying invertebrates. They are unusual among lizards because they feed on millipedes. Males and females had very similar diets which may be explained by their lack of sexual dimorphism, although females tended to eat a greater volume of prey. Interestingly, less than half (37%) of the lizards examined contained prey items, suggesting that most individuals were not in positive energy balance. We also found evidence of prey size selection as a function of gape size, such that larger geckos took advantage of larger prey items. 相似文献
13.
Sexual Dimorphism of Endocranial,Facial and Limb Measurements in the Yellow Baboon (Papio cynocephalus) 
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下载免费PDF全文 The present study focused on the sexual dimorphism of yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus) to clarify its relationship with social behaviour. The degree of sexual dimorphism in the endocranial volume is the lowest among the investigated measurements. Among the facial measurements, the degree value of sexual dimorphism was the maximum (38.4%) for palate length and the minimum for palate breadth at the upper second molar (M2) (16.8%). Reduced major axis (RMA) regression analysis indicated that most positive allometry in relation to body mass was barely shown in the endocranial volume, palate length, palate breadth at M2 and mandibular ramal width. On the other hand, most negative allometry in relation to body mass was barely indicated in the bizygomatic breadth, skull length, humeral length and femoral length. The plate breadth at M2 in males was smaller than that in females in equivalent to body mass. The results of the present study suggest that more males have longer pointed muzzles than females, which is considered to create an impressive view of large canine teeth. This contributes to display among males and agonistic encounters rather than to necessity of increased facial size due to larger body size or dietary influences. 相似文献
14.
Evaluation of the sexual dimorphism in Mangalarga Marchador horses using discriminant analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Luís Fernando Batista Pinto Fernando Queiroz de Almeida Clia Raquel Quirino Pedro Cezar Nehme de Azevedo Grasiele Coelho Cabral Edson Mauro Santos Anderson Corassa 《Livestock Science》2008,119(1-3):161-166
This study used discriminant analysis to evaluate body measures and sexual dimorphism in Mangalarga Marchador horses. Discriminant analysis is a multivariate method that generates functions to classify animals using a prior criterion. In this study a prior criterion is male or female. The study analyzed 25 linear and 11 angular measures obtained from 25 stallions and 56 mares registered with the Mangalarga Marchador Brazilian Breeders Association. Knee girth, cannon girth, chest width, chest girth, back-loin length, hip width, distance from elbow to knee, hind limb hoof length, head width, shoulder length, and body length were found to be linear measures that provided evidence of sexual dimorphism. Angular measures with evidence of sexual dimorphism were shoulder–humerus, metacarpal–phalanx, coxae–femur, and femur–tibial angles. Stallions were larger than mares for almost all linear measures, except for back-loin length, hip width, and distance from elbow to knee. Shoulder–humerus and coxal–femur angles were larger in mares, while metacarpal–phalanx and femur–tibial angles were larger in stallions. Using linear measures, two mares were classified as stallions and three stallions were classified as mares. For angular measures, two other mares were classified as stallions and three other stallions were classified as mares. The discriminant functions can be useful for the selection of horses and to avoid registration of animals not meeting the phenotypic standards of the breed association. 相似文献
15.
《African Zoology》2013,48(2):192-201
The extent to which sexual dimorphism in snout–vent length, tail length and head shape (length, width and height) manifests itself in the legless fossorial skink subfamily Acontiinae was investigated in representatives of all four of its genera, Acontias, Microacontias, Acontophiops and Typhlosaurus. Where data were available fecundity selection and diet partitioning (ecological causation) were tested as possible proximate causes for dimorphisms found. The possibility of a relationship between head shape and microhabitat density was also investigated. The data showed that significant sexual dimorphism in snout–vent length and head shape was present in only a minority of taxa and that it was absent with respect to tail length. There are indications of a relationship between head shape and microhabitat density, and head shape seems to become increasingly more pointed as SVL increases. A serious impediment to placing the findings of this study into a firm evolutionary context is the general lack of information about the ecology, social organization and behaviour of the taxa. 相似文献
16.
The dog (Canis lupus familiaris) displays more morphological diversity than any other species. It is a direct descendant of the gray wolf (Canis lupus), but shows remarkable behavioral and morphological differences. It has been suggested that differences in skull shape that relate to brain shape and retinal ganglion cell distribution may predict behavioral differences. The aim of this pilot study was to assess head morphology in common breeds for evidence of sexual dimorphism in head length, head width, and the ratio of the 2: cephalic index (CI). When males of 80 breeds studied were compared with females, sexual dimorphism (differences in a t-test at the level of P < 0.01) emerged for head length in 5 breeds, for head width in 10 breeds and in CI for 2 breeds. The 2 breeds that showed sexual dimorphism in CI showed no difference (at the level of P < 0.01) in either length or width. These results suggest that all 3 types of dimorphism in head morphometrics must be considered separately. Although the longer and wider heads in males may be predicted because, within a breed, they are expected to be generally bigger animals, the sexual dimorphism in CI is of interest. It may belie differences in brain shape and even predict differences in health, welfare, and behavior. 相似文献
17.
Materials suitable for anatomical research of raptorial birds are rare. Bird‐eating raptors show distinct inter‐sexual differences in body size and parental roles. The large females catch larger prey and prepare small morsels to feed their young using their hooked beaks. Here, we investigated the architectural properties of different jaw muscles of the Japanese sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis) and examined whether there is sexual dimorphism in their architectural design. The results showed that musculus depressor mandibulae, the opener of the lower jaw, was characterized by relatively long fascicle length, whereas musculus pterygoideus was characterized by its larger mass and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) in both sexes. Females have the potential capacity to produce rapid and strong bites by their significantly longer fascicle length of M. depressor mandibulae and larger mass and PCSA of M. pterygoideus. For body size‐matched gender, jaw muscles of males had fibres of relatively longer length than females, enabling greater velocity and excursion. Architectural characteristics of jaw muscles, together with the absolute dimorphism (the fascicle length of M. depressor mandibulae, the muscle mass and PCSA of M. pterygoideus) and relative dimorphism in the muscle mass of M. pterygoideus, reflect dietary difference and asymmetric parental roles between the sexes. 相似文献
18.
Jimena B. FERNÁNDEZ Marlin MEDINA Erika L. KUBISCH José A. SCOLARO Nora R. IBARGÜENGOYTÍA 《Integrative zoology》2017,12(2):132-147
Reproductive and life history patterns in reptiles are tightly related to the environmental conditions, so male reproductive cycles have been historically characterized as continuous, for tropical lizards, or seasonal, for temperate lizards. However, males of Liolaemus and Phymaturus lizards (Liolaemidae), from cold temperate climates of high altitudes or latitudes in Argentina and Chile, have developed a variety of reproductive cycles to coordinate with the short female reproductive season and to deal with the low frequency of reproductive females in the population. Using gonadal histology and morphological analysis, we describe the male reproductive biology, fat storage and sexual dimorphism of the viviparous lizards Liolaemus sarmientoi and Liolaemus magellanicus that inhabit an austral grass steppe at 51°S, in the southern limit of the American continent. Males of L. sarmientoi and L. magellanicus are reproductively available during the entire activity season of approximately 5 months. In addition, males of both species exhibit greater body sizes than females in morphological variables relevant in sexual selection. Meanwhile, females of both species exhibit larger inter‐limb length than conspecific males, which suggests fecundity selection to increase space for a larger litter size. The continuous sperm production throughout the activity season allows these liolaemids to mate at any time when females ovulate, representing a selective advantage to deal with the short activity season and the adversities of the cold environment they inhabit. 相似文献
19.
S.M. Hirst 《African Zoology》2013,48(2):199-230
Cape sugarbirds (Promerops cafer) are the largest nectarivores in the Western Cape and feed almost exclusively on protea nectar and associated arthropods. Helderberg Nature Reserve, Western Cape, South Africa, has a large diversity of Protea and supports breeding sugarbirds. As part of a larger study, we captured sugarbirds using mist-nets during the breeding and non-breeding season at several sites in the Helderberg Nature Reserve, Western Cape, South Africa, from 1996 to 2000. From these data (n =283 males, 272 females), we found that in both sexes, individuals with longer tails have longer wings. Males were significantly larger in mass, culmen, head, tarsus, wing and tail length than females. Males with larger mass were larger in all morphometric measurements than those with smaller mass. Mate choice and territory defence may be based on wing and tail ornament displays of male sugarbirds, thus larger males with larger ornaments could benefit through greater breeding success than smaller males. 相似文献
20.
1. Heritabilities and genetic correlations in the base population of a closed strain of Muscovy duck, moderately selected for body weight at 10 weeks of age, have been estimated from the data of 9 successive generations for the following traits: male and female body weight at 10 and 18 weeks of age (BW10m, BW18m, BW10f, BW18f) and length of the 8th primary feather at 10 weeks of age (F110m, F110f). 2. Multivariate REML with an animal model was used, pooling data from the 9 generations (3283 and 3289 male and female offspring respectively). The same trait expressed in male and female was considered as 2 different traits. 3. The 8th primary feather was longer in females than in males by 6% to 22% at 10 weeks of age. Body weight was heavier in males than in females by 42% to 58% at 10 weeks of age and by 57% to 75% at 18 weeks of age. 3. The heritability estimates for body weight traits showed moderate values, being a little higher for females than for males at the same age, increasing with age from h2=0.24 at BW10m to h2=0.43 at BW18f. 4. The heritability estimates for feather length showed that a greater response would be obtained in selection for male feather length (h2=0.37) than for female length (h2=0.14). Both have high genetic correlations with body weight so they could be indirectly improved. 5. Heritabilities of the difference in body weights between males and females at 10 weeks (h2=0.07) and 18 weeks of age (h2=0.10) were small, as well as for feather length (h2=0.10). It would probably be difficult to modify sexual dimorphism in body weight through selection. 6. Genetic correlations between BW10m, BW18m and BW10f, BW18f were respectively r(g)=0.77 and r(g)=0.80. They were larger for body weight at the same ages between males and females, r(g)=0.90 (r(g)=0.88 between F110m and F110f). Body weight in males and females at the same age should be better considered as 2 different traits in a selection programme. 7. The cumulated predicted genetic gains expressed per unity of the genetic standard deviation (sigma(g)) over the 8 generations of selection were 1.3 sigma(g) and 1.4 sigma(g) respectively for the BW10m and BW10f. The predicted correlated responses were 1.2 sigma(g) for body weights at 18 weeks of age, 0.9 sigma(g) and 0.7 sigma(g) for F110f and F110m respectively. 相似文献