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试验主要研究了仔猪不同哺乳周期的行为联系。试验分别选择6头经产的民猪、长白猪及其仔猪作为观察对象,研究哺乳期间2猪种间的仔猪交流信息随时间变化的情况及品种间差异。结果表明:随着产后日龄的增加,哺乳期间一系列行为都发生了变化,仔猪间接触的行为会逐渐增加,但哺乳的第2￣3周又会逐渐减弱。 相似文献
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对哺乳母猪生活习性的行为特性的研究,龙天厚等(1981)和胡殿金等(1981)、有过研究报告。国内有关猪的行为特性研究尚不多见。本试验为雅南猪种质特性研究的一部分。对雅南猪哺乳期哺乳母猪和仔猪的睡卧,走动、采食、排泄、应激和叫声等行为特性进行了观察测定和描述。目的在于为深入了解我国地方猪种的种质特性积累资料,并为改进哺乳母的饲养管理技术和仔猪培育提供科学依据。材料和方法本试验是在秋末冬初,气候凉爽季节时进行的。余同雅南猪哺乳期若干行为特性的研究Ⅰ。(从略) 结果和分析一、睡卧和走动 1.哺乳母猪测定结果见表一。 相似文献
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1产后饲管要精心母鹿分娩期间,应有专人值守。仔鹿产下后,应将仔鹿身上的黏液擦干,让其尽快吃上初乳,然后编剪耳号,定时放回母鹿群喂乳。仔鹿哺乳期,应避免有异味之物,如酒精、香皂等触及仔鹿,而使母鹿拒绝哺乳。2人工哺乳要及时如果分娩后母鹿死亡或因病不能哺乳及乳汁不足时必须采取人工哺乳。通常用新鲜的牛乳或山羊乳代替母乳,若用奶粉,须将浓度略微提高,以适应仔鹿生长发育的需要。人工哺乳的时间、次数和哺乳量应根据仔鹿的日龄、初生重和发育情况决定。在无标准的情况下,仔鹿人工哺乳量可参照犊牛的人工哺乳量而定。并坚持乳汁、乳具… 相似文献
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The influence of suckling interval on milk production of sows 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The objective of this study was to determine whether sow milk yield per gland could be increased by reducing the interval between suckles (suckling interval). Eighteen sows were allocated at their first farrowing to three treatments comprising litter sizes of 6 or 12 piglets or a cross-suckling treatment that was imposed to increase suckling frequency. The cross-suckled treatment comprised two groups of six piglets each. Each suckling group was allowed to suckle the sow during 30-min intervals each day between d 6 and d 28 of lactation. The suckling interval was shorter (P < .05) for cross-suckled sows than for sows suckling single litters of 6 or 12 piglets during early lactation (d 10 to 14) and late lactation (d 24 to 28). Average piglet growth rate between birth and 28 d of age was greatest (P < .05) for piglets in the single litters of six and lowest for piglets in the cross-suckled treatments. Single litters of 12 piglets had the highest (P < .05) litter growth rates, followed by the cross-suckled litters and then the single litters of six piglets. The concentration of lactose and fat in milk from sows remained relatively stable, although milk from the cross-suckled sows contained more protein in early lactation (P < .05). Milk yield of sows was not significantly increased (P > .05) by the cross-suckle treatment, although during early lactation, milk yield tended to be greater from sows in the cross-suckle treatment than from sows suckling single litters of six (8,920 g/d vs 7,819 g/d, P < .1). The concentration of DNA and total RNA and the RNA:DNA ratio in mammary glands was unaffected by treatment (P > .05). Sows with single litters of 12 piglets had the greatest total DNA in their udders (P < .05). However, individual gland weights were heavier (P < .05) in cross-suckled sows than in sows with single litters of 6 or 12 piglets. Increased suckling frequency seemed to play a role in increased mammary gland weight and milk production during lactation. 相似文献
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《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2014,9(3):107-113
Sows in modern pig industry are often housed individually in farrowing crates a few days before farrowing until weaning. These farrowing crates limit movements of the sow and therefore also limit them in expressing their behavior. These limitations may lead to distress with the sow and can result in stereotypical behaviors. Because it is possible that the general behavior of the mother sow also influences her piglets, the hypothesis of the present study was that there is an association between the general behavior of sows and the behavior of their piglets. Our results showed that there was indeed an association between the postures and activities of sows and the behavior of their piglets, not only for nursing–suckling behavior. Results also indicated that piglets prefer resting when sows are resting. When sows were standing up, piglets were running around more. Although there were indications that piglets were more at ease when sows were bar biting compared with when they were sham chewing, a specific relationship between sow stereotypical behavior and piglet behavior could not be demonstrated in the present study. Though, it should be taken in mind that relatively low frequencies of stereotypical behaviors were observed. Furthermore, it could be that not only the prevalence of a specific stereotypical behavior is important but also a specific threshold of that specific behavior should be exceeded to induce effects on the suckling piglets. Alternatively piglets could coinduce stereotypical behavior of the mother sow. 相似文献
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Jeon JH Kim DJ Han JH Yeon SC Bahng SH Myeong BS Chang HH 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(6):1397-1402
Weanling pigs tend to avoid wind, and suckling piglets are thought to be more sensitive to wind than weanlings, owing to their thinner s.c. fat layer. We developed a crush-reducing device based on the anticipated behavior of suckling piglets toward wind and evaluated the performance of the device through field testing. The crush-reducing device consisted of six photo sensors, a controller, six solenoid valves, and an air compressor. In this study, 206 sows and their suckling piglets (Landrace xYorkshire) were investigated to ascertain the individual effects of several factors. Some of the newborn piglets were cross-fostered before the crush-reducing device was implemented. Litter weights were measured on d 0 and 4 to determine the influence of the crush-reducing device on the weights of suckling piglets. The crushing of suckling piglets by sows was affected by season (P < 0.01) and litter size (P < 0.05), but not by the parity of the sows; however, the number of crushed piglets per litter was less (P < 0.01) in the crush-reducing device group (0.05 +/- 0.02 crushed piglets/litter) than in the control group (0.23 +/- 0.04 crushed piglets/litter), regardless of litter size or season. The BW gain of suckling piglets did not differ between the control and the crush-reducing device groups. Based on these results, the crush-reducing device is expected to decrease the number of crushed piglets per litter without influencing the BW gain of suckling piglets, thereby greatly contributing to the productivity of pig breeders. 相似文献
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This study evaluated how socializing piglets before weaning affects behavior of lactating sows and the pre- and postweaning behavior and performance of piglets. Two farrowing rooms, each with 6 pens, and 1 nursery with 4 pens were used. In total, data were obtained from 24 sows and their litters. In each farrowing room, the solid barriers between 3 farrowing pens were removed on d 12 after farrowing, and the sows remained confined in their crates (experimental group). In the other 3 farrowing pens of each farrowing room, sows and their litters were kept under conventional conditions until weaning (control group). All piglets were weaned 28 d after birth. After weaning, piglets from each group remained together in 1 pen of the nursery. The behavior of sows (lying, standing, sitting, nursing) and piglets (lying, active, suckling) in the farrowing rooms was observed for 24 h before and for 48 h after removal of the barriers between the pens. In addition, behavior (active, lying, feeding, agonistic behavior) of piglets was observed in the nursery during the initial 48-h period after weaning. Each piglet was weighed on d 5, 12, and 28 after birth and thereafter weekly until the fifth week of rearing. In the farrowing room, mixing of litters did not influence behavior of piglets and sows. Preweaning weight gain of the piglets did not differ (P = 0.60) between the treatments. In the initial 48 h after weaning, less agonistic behavior (P < 0.001) was observed in piglets belonging to the experimental group. During 5 wk of rearing, piglets in the experimental group gained more weight compared with the control group (P = 0.05). The advantage shown by the experimental group became especially conspicuous in the first week after weaning (P = 0.05). By socializing unfamiliar piglets before weaning, stress due to mixing could at least be distanced in time from the other burdens of weaning, thereby improving performance. 相似文献
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Bünger B 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,109(6):277-289
Results of rearing and growing 3250 piglets derived from 287 litters of 99 German Landrace sows in parities 1-11, from parturition throughout 5 weeks post-weaning, were compared in two farrowing systems. The Group-Farrowing System (GFS) was designed according to natural behaviour of wild pigs and contained 8 farrowing boxes allowing sows and their litters to move freely on an area of 85.2 m2. In contrast, the Single Farrowing System (SFS) was a pen in which sows and their litters were housed individually and could move freely on a restricted area of 6.7 m2. Sows were only fixed during farrowing. The first experiment with a suckling period of 35 days comprised 98 litters from 60 sows (parities 1-4). The second experiment with a suckling period of 28 days involved 189 litters of 70 sows (parities 1-11). In experiment 1, body weight of GFS-piglets was significantly higher by 4.57 kg (19%) at the age of 70 d compared with SFS-piglets. In the second experiment, the proportion of stillborns was significantly lower by 50% in GFS than in SFS. Furthermore, body weight of GFS-piglets showed a greater homogeneity during the first 35 d of life than that of SFS-piglets. In SFS, a positive correlation between parity of the sow and stillborn rate was observed. Behavioural studies in both experiments revealed that GFS-piglets, reared during the suckling period in close contact to other sows and piglets from other litters, were in a better condition at weaning than SFS-piglets. Comparisons with other GFS-types show that the success of farrowing in group-housing is dependent on the type of housing conditions, in particular on the possibility for sows and piglets to live according to their specific behavioural repertoire. The factors critical in this context are discussed. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究母猪饲粮添加β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸(HMB)对母猪繁殖性能及仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选取20头3～6胎次、妊娠74 d的"长×大"母猪,随机分成2组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在对照组基础饲粮中添加2 000 mg/kg HMB。试验从母猪妊娠第74天开始,至仔猪21日龄断奶结束。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组仔猪初生个体重显著提高14.1%(P<0.05),仔猪7、21日龄窝重分别显著提高16.6%、11.7%(P<0.05),仔猪初生至7日龄、初生至21日龄窝增重分别显著提高28.3%和12.5%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组母猪在妊娠第98天和分娩当天血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量分别提高35.3%(P<0.01)、13.0%(P>0.05),免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量分别提高34.7%(P<0.05)、12.6%(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验组母猪初乳中IgG含量显著提高19.0%(P<0.05),分娩后第14天常乳中IgM含量显著提高21.4%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组仔猪7日龄血浆IgG、IgM含量分别显著提高11.4%和40.1%(P<0.05)。上述结果提示,母猪妊娠后期及哺乳期饲粮中连续添加2 000 mg/kg HMB,可显著提高仔猪初生重和哺乳期增重,改善母猪及仔猪免疫功能。 相似文献
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M Kluivers‐Poodt R Gerritsen A Van Nes P Langendijk 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(3):377-382
The aim of this study was to monitor changes in cortisol levels in sows around the time of separation from their piglets, in two different intermittent suckling regimes, compared with that in conventionally weaned sows. Sows were either weaned at 21 days of lactation (CONT) or subjected to an intermittent suckling regime (IS) from 14 days of lactation onwards. Sows in the IS regimes were separated from their piglets for 12 h every day, either from 08:00 to 20:00 hours (IS12) or from 08:00 to 14:00 hours and 20:00 to 02:00 hours (IS6). Separation caused a transient increase in cortisol levels on the first (CONT and IS12) and second (IS12) day of separation, compared with a gradual decline from early morning when the sows were still continuously suckling. In IS6 sows, in contrast, the transient rise in cortisol levels after separation at 08:00 hours was observed on the first 3 days and also on day 7 of the IS regime. Cortisol parameters were correlated with peri‐ovulatory characteristics like onset of oestrus, onset of the LH surge and time of ovulation. Onset of the LH surge was delayed in IS6 sows. In conclusion, increase in cortisol levels as a consequence of separation of sows and piglets, is an acute, incidental phenomenon in IS12 and CONT sows, but shows a repeated acute elevation in IS6 sows, possibly placing IS6 sows at a higher risk of influencing peri‐ovulatory processes and developing cystic follicles. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究给妊娠后期和哺乳期母猪补饲发酵芦笋下脚料对母猪和哺乳仔猪血清抗氧化能力、免疫功能和炎性因子含量的影响。选择15头膘情、胎次和预产期相近的妊娠母猪,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复1头猪。A(对照)、B和C组母猪每头每天分别补饲0、0.25和0.50 kg发酵芦笋下脚料。试验从母猪妊娠期的第85天开始至产后第21天结束。在母猪分娩和仔猪断奶时采集母猪耳静脉血液,在仔猪10和21日龄时采集仔猪前腔静脉血液,分别测定血清指标。结果表明:1)C组母猪在仔猪断奶时血清超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性极显著高于对照组(P0.01),在母猪分娩和仔猪断奶时血清丙二醛(MDA)含量均极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。B组哺乳仔猪10日龄时血清T-SOD活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清MDA含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)C组母猪在母猪分娩时血清生长激素(GH)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)C组母猪在母猪分娩时血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)B和C组母猪血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量在母猪分娩和仔猪断奶时均极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。C组母猪在仔猪断奶时血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。C组哺乳仔猪10日龄时血清TNF-α含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。综上,每头母猪每天补饲0.50 kg发酵芦笋下脚料可增强其抗氧化能力和免疫功能,提高GH含量,减少炎性反应,同时可提高仔猪的抗氧化能力,减少炎性反应的发生。 相似文献