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旨在是研究益生菌对高海拔缺氧条件下肉鸡免疫机能的影响。270只健康1日龄AA肉鸡随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。C组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮且不免疫新城疫疫苗;N组饲喂基础日粮且在7日龄和28日龄分别免疫新城疫疫苗;P+N组饲喂添加益生菌菌粉的基础日粮(添加剂量为109CFU/kg)且在7日龄和28日龄分别免疫新城疫疫苗。测定各组免疫器官指数、淋巴细胞转化率和新城疫抗体效价。结果发现,益生菌可以显著增加肉鸡的脾脏指数,但对胸腺和法氏囊指数无显著影响。在新城疫二免7 d后,N组和P+N组肉鸡的T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞转化率显著高于C组,且P+N组显著高于N组;在二免14 d后,P+N组肉鸡的T淋巴细胞显著高于C组,但各组之间B淋巴细胞转化率差异不显著。此外,P+N组肉鸡外周血新城疫抗体滴度显著高于N组。试验结果表明,益生菌可以提高高海拔缺氧环境下肉鸡的特异性免疫应答,这种作用可能与益生菌提高免疫器官指数和淋巴细胞转化率有关。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨红景天提取物对西藏缺氧地区肉仔鸡饲养早期(0~14 d)免疫功能的影响。450只健康1日龄雄性AA肉鸡随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。各组分别在基础日粮(对照组)中添加0%、0.1%、0.15%、0.2%和0.4%红景天水提物干粉,试验14 d测定指标包括死亡率、免疫球蛋白水平和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)抗体效价。结果发现,与对照组相比,0.2%和0.4%红景天提取物组显著降低肉鸡早期死亡率(P0.05),并且在试验14 d,与对照组相比,0.2%和0.4%红景天提取物组血浆中Ig A、Ig G的水平和BSA抗体滴度显著提高(P0.05)。整个饲养期,0.1%和0.15%红景天提取物组与对照组所有测定指标均无显著差异。本试验结果表明,西藏高原肉仔鸡饲喂红景天提取物能降低早期死亡率,这可能与其改善雏鸡免疫机能有关,红景天提取物最适添加水平是0.2%。 相似文献
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生理性缺氧引起的体内活性氧代谢异常是肉鸡腹水症发生的重要原因之一,试验通过日粮中添加不同比例的红景天提取物,研究红景天提取物对西藏高海拔地区肉鸡抗氧化能力和腹水死亡率的影响。试验选用900只1日龄雄性AA肉仔鸡,随机分为5个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复30只鸡,分别在基础日粮(对照组)中添加0.1%、0.15%、0.2%和0.4%红景天水提物干粉,试验期42 d。结果表明,相比于对照组:(1)0.2%和0.4%红景天提取物处理组显著降低了肉鸡的28 d和42 d腹水死亡率。(2)0.2%和0.4%红景天提取物处理组显著降低了14、28 d和42 d血清中丙二醛(MDA)和蛋白质羟基(PC)含量;同时显著提高了28 d和42 d血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。而0.1%和0.15%红景天提取物处理显著降低了42 d MDA和PC含量,提高了GSH-Px、SOD活性和T-AOC。综上所述,本研究结果表明红景天提取物能够降低高原缺氧条件下肉鸡腹水死亡率,改善肉鸡抗氧化能力是红景天提取物降低腹水死亡率的原因之一,且存在计量依赖性。 相似文献
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选择健康1日龄黄羽肉鸡（母）90只，随机分为3组,每组3个重复, 每重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验1组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.40%谷氨酰胺的日粮，试验2组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺的日粮，进行28 d的试验，探讨谷氨酰胺和甘氨酰谷氨酰胺对黄羽肉鸡增重和免疫器官发育的影响。结果表明，在黄羽肉鸡日粮中添加0.40%谷氨酰胺和0.20%的甘氨酰谷氨酰胺有利于提高肉仔鸡平均日增重和促进免疫器官（胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊）的发育，添加0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺显著提高第1周的日增重(P<0.05)和显著提高第28 d的法氏囊指数(P<0.05)。添加0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺的提高生长性能和促进免疫器官发育的效果相当于添加0.40%谷氨酰胺的效果。 相似文献
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选择健康1日龄黄羽肉鸡（母）90只，随机分为3组,每组3个重复, 每重复10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验1组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.40%谷氨酰胺的日粮，试验2组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺的日粮，进行28 d的试验，探讨谷氨酰胺和甘氨酰谷氨酰胺对黄羽肉鸡增重和免疫器官发育的影响。结果表明，在黄羽肉鸡日粮中添加0.40%谷氨酰胺和0.20%的甘氨酰谷氨酰胺有利于提高肉仔鸡平均日增重和促进免疫器官（胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊）的发育，添加0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺显著提高第1周的日增重(P<0.05)和显著提高第28 d的法氏囊指数(P<0.05)。添加0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺的提高生长性能和促进免疫器官发育的效果相当于添加0.40%谷氨酰胺的效果。 相似文献
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选择健康1日龄黄羽肉鸡(母)90只,随机分为3个组,每组3个重复,每重复10只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.40%谷氨酰胺和0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺的饲粮。试验期为28d。结果表明,在肉鸡日粮中添加0.40%谷氨酰胺或0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺均有利于提高肉鸡早期平均日增重和饲料报酬,可促进肉鸡小肠的发育;其中,添加0.20%甘氨酰谷氨酰胺的效果优于添加0.40%谷氨酰胺。 相似文献
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文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的丁酸钠替代药物对1～42?d肉鸡生长性能、免疫反应及组织器官相对重量的影响。试验将平均初始体重为（53.05±0.76）g的600只1日龄商品肉仔鸡随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,药物组在基础日粮中添加25?mg/kg抗菌肽,其他两组分别在基础日粮中添加5和10?mg/kg丁酸钠。结果：与对照组相比,0.5%丁酸钠组42?d肉鸡体重和22～42?d平均日增重分别显著提高2.80%和4.07%（P＜0.05）。但0.5%丁酸钠组22～42?d和1～42?d料重比较对照组和药物组分别显著降低5.78%、6.86%和3.85%、5.06%（P＜0.05）。0.5%和1.0%丁酸钠组42?d肉鸡新城疫和绵羊红细胞抗体滴度显著高于对照组和药物组（P＜0.05）。0.5%和1%丁酸钠组21?d肉鸡法氏囊和胸腺相对重量及42?d肉鸡脾脏和胸腺相对重量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,日粮添加丁酸钠可以提高42?d肉鸡新城疫和绵羊红细胞抗体滴度,改善免疫器官相对重量,其中丁酸钠添加水平为0.5%时可以显著改善1～42?d肉鸡的饲料效率。
[关键词]丁酸钠|肉鸡|生长性能|免疫反应|器官相对重量 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮添加万寿菊提取物对肉鸡血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫性能的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡192只,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.15%和0.60%的万寿菊提取物,即有效成分叶黄素含量分别为30和120 mg/kg,试验期42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮添加0.60%万寿菊提取物使肉鸡血清甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著降低(P0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著升高(P0.05);2)0.15%和0.60%万寿菊提取物添加组肉鸡21和42日龄血清总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著提高(P0.05);3)0.60%万寿菊提取物添加组肉鸡21日龄胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊指数显著升高(P0.05),饲粮添加万寿菊提取物使肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G和白细胞介素2水平显著升高(P0.05),万寿菊提取物未对肉鸡42日龄免疫器官指数造成显著影响(P0.05)。综上,肉鸡饲粮中添加万寿菊提取物可以提高肉鸡机体的抗氧化能力和免疫性能,且对机体脂代谢有调节作用。 相似文献
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中药添加剂对海南文昌鸡免疫功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将180只雌性文昌鸡随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每重复12只。第1组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2组为抗生素对照组,在基础日粮中按600 mg/kg添加金霉素;第3、4、5组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的中药添加剂。试验共进行6 w,每周称重,计量采食量。分别于28、35d时接种禽流感疫苗。第49 d、56 d时每组随机取8只鸡,翅静脉采血制备血清,血凝抑制试验检测禽流感疫苗抗体滴度。56 d时将各组已采血8只鸡屠宰后打开腹腔,取胸腺、法氏囊称重并计算免疫器官指数。结果表明,0.2%中药添加剂能显著提高文昌鸡日增重(P<0.05),提高法氏囊指数(P<0.05);0.2%和0.3%中药添加剂均能提高禽流感疫苗抗体滴度(P<0.05)。结果提示,本中药添加剂能够提高海南文昌鸡生产性能和免疫功能。 相似文献
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Broiler chickens infected at 3 weeks of age with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were given Brucella abortus (BA) or sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antigens before, during, and after the acute phase of the infection. Gland of Harder (GH) extracts and serum samples were used to assay local and systemic antibody titer to each antigen 7 days after antigen was administered. Antibody titers to both BA and SRBC antigens were lower (P less than 0.05) in GH extracts and serum of IBDV-infected broilers than uninfected controls. The responses to BA, a thymus-independent antigen, took longer to become depressed than the responses to SRBC, a thymus-dependent antigen. The depression of antibody titers following IBDV inoculation suggests compromise of both local and systemic immune function, a finding of importance to the broiler industry. 相似文献
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文章旨在探讨日粮单独或联合添加几种常用的生活食材对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状和体液免疫的影响。试验将672只1日龄、平均体重为(40.04±0.01)g科宝肉鸡随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,T1~T6组分别饲喂基础日粮添加4g/kg黑胡椒、4g/kg姜黄、10g/kg香菜籽及4g/kg黑胡椒+4g/kg姜黄、4g/kg黑胡椒+10g/kg香菜籽、4g/kg黑胡椒+4g/kg姜黄+10g/kg香菜籽。结果:T5和T6组肉鸡在7和35d体重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),在22~28d及1~35d时,处理组肉鸡料重比均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。T6组肝脏和腺胃相对重量较对照组分别显著提高7.22%和40.63%(P<0.05)。T6组血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但葡萄糖、甘油三酯浓度及谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。T6组肉鸡21和35d时抗新城疫抗体滴度水平较对照组分别显著提高25.46%和49.56%(P<0.05)。结论:在本研究条件下,日粮添加黑胡椒、香菜籽和姜黄混合物可以改善肉鸡饲料效率,提高肝脏和腺胃相对重量,促进肉鸡体液免疫反应。 相似文献
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文章旨在探讨日粮添加洋葱提取物对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化及肉品质的影响。试验选择平均体重接近的1日龄肉仔鸡512只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复32只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,T1组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮+60?mg/kg抗菌肽,T2组和T3组肉鸡分别饲喂基础日粮+200、400?mg/kg洋葱提取物,试验共进行35?d。结果：T1～T3组肉鸡35?d体重较对照组分别显著提高2.08%、1.00%和0.84%（P＜0.05）,而T1和T2组肉鸡1～35?d料重比较对照组分别显著降低1.55%和1.55%（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,处理组血清甘油三酯浓度分别显著降低19.18%、20.10%和18.60%（P＜0.05）,同时T2和T3组肉鸡血清胆固醇含量较对照组分别显著降低24.84%和23.16%（P＜0.05）。T2和T3组肉鸡腹脂相对重量较对照组分别显著降低12.50%和10.53%（P＜0.05）,而对照组肌肉蒸煮损失较处理组分别显著提高9.75%、10.96%和10.12%（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮添加洋葱提取物对肉鸡生长性能的影响与抗菌肽的效果相似,同时洋葱提取物可改善肉鸡脂肪代谢,降低腹脂水平和肌肉蒸煮损失。在本研究条件下,日粮中适宜的洋葱提取物添加水平为200?mg/kg。
[关键词]洋葱提取物|肉鸡|生长性能|肉品质|血清生化 相似文献
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This article reviews recent nutritional approaches for counteracting the development of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS; ascites) in broiler chickens especially when they are reared at high altitudes. High altitudes impose the sustained stress of hypobaric hypoxia, which reduces the availability of atmospheric oxygen to red blood cells passing through the lungs, thereby causing systemic arterial hypoxaemia (undersaturation of haemoglobin with oxygen), pulmonary arterial hypertension and PHS/ascites in susceptible broilers. Proper nutritional strategies are needed to reduce metabolic activity and prevent the development of ascites especially when modern broilers are reared in regions where the existing altitudes limit the availability of atmospheric oxygen. This article also addresses controversies with regard to broiler nutrition in relation to PHS. For example, the catabolism of protein from feed ingredients incurs increased oxygen consumption, suggesting that feeding reduced‐protein diets to broiler chickens may result in reduced PHS incidences. However, experimental and field data indicate that feeding reduced‐protein diets to broilers subjected to hypobaric hypoxia increases the development of PHS. Controversies on the nutrition of unsaturated fat in relation to PHS are also discussed. In conclusion, hypoxia, acidosis, vasoconstriction and enhanced metabolic rate are triggers of PHS. Feeding reduced‐protein diets might promote the susceptibility of broilers to PHS by decreased dietary intake of arginine, decreased uric acid production and increased lipogenesis. Feeding high‐protein diets, dietary arginine supplementation, partial substitution of sodium bicarbonate for sodium chloride, feeding low‐fat diets and effective feed restriction programmes can be considered as nutritional approaches to prevent PHS. 相似文献
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Saline drinking water in broiler and Leghorn chicks and the effect in broilers of increasing levels and age at time of exposure 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mirsalimi SM Julian RJ 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(7):413-417
The purpose of this research was to assess the effect of increasing levels of salt and 5 g/L of salt (0.20% extra sodium) in the drinking water in broiler chickens at various ages up to five weeks of age and to compare the response of broiler chickens and White Leghorns to saline water (0.20% sodium). The effect was measured by the response of the right ventricle to pulmonary hypertension. The results indicated that broiler chickens under three weeks are more susceptible to saline water containing 0.20% sodium than those over three weeks of age, and that broilers given increasing levels of dietary salt may be more resistant to excess dietary salt than those that have had no previous exposure. The results also demonstrated that broiler chickens are more susceptible than White Leghorns to 0.20% extra dietary sodium in drinking water. We conclude that Leghorn chicks are more resistant to excess dietary sodium than broilers and that broilers become more resistant to saline water containing 0.20% sodium after three weeks of age. 相似文献
16.
本试验旨在研究霉变饲料和／或添加复方霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡人工感染发生的影响。选取140羽1日龄健康的AA肉鸡随机分成7个组．每组4个重复。第1组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2组饲喂霉变饲料;第3～7组以混合感染病鸡病变组织匀浆饮水制作人工感染疾病模型;第3～7组分别饲喂基础日粮、霉变饲料、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂＋抗氧化剂、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂＋抗氧化剂＋中药增免剂。试验期35d。结果发现,肉鸡摄入霉变饲料与摄入正常饲料相比,提高肉鸡料重比和死淘率,显著降低肉鸡增重、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数,显著降低血清IBDV、H9N1v和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。给人工感染肉鸡饲喂霉变饲料与饲喂正常饲料相比．显著提高料重比和死淘率,显著降低肉鸡增重、胸腺指数和脾脏指数,显著降低血清IFN-1、IL-2、IL-4和IL-12含量以及LTR,显著降低血清IBDV、H9N1V和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。霉变饲料中添加复方霉菌毒素吸附剂能显著提高混合感染肉鸡增重,并降低料重比和死淘率（P〈0．05）,显著提高胸腺指数、法氏囊指数（P〈0．05）,显著提高血清IBDV、H9N1V和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。可见,霉变饲料可导致肉鸡免疫功能抑制,加重肉鸡混合感染病情;复方霉菌毒素吸附剂能有效缓解霉变饲料对人工感染肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能和病情的不利影响,抗氧化剂和免疫功能增强剂可减轻霉变饲料的毒性作用。 相似文献
17.
《动物营养（英文）》2019,5(3):248-255
The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fiber and threonine (Thr) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and immune responses of broiler chickens. A total of 420 one-day-old mixed sex broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly divided into 6 experimental diets and 5 replicates of 14 chicks based on a factorial arrangement (2 × 3) from 1 to 42 d of age. Experimental factors included dietary supplemental fiber type (no supplemental fiber [NSF], 30 g/kg sugar beet pulp [SBP] or 30 g/kg rice hull [RH]) and Thr inclusion level (100% or 110% of Thr requirement recommended by breeder company [Ross 308]). Growth performance of broilers was assayed at different periods of the experiment. Intestinal morphometric features were measured at 21 d of age. Antibody titer against sheep red blood cells (SRBC), Newcastle and influenza disease viruses were measured on d 30 of trial. Dietary inclusion of SBP and RH significantly decreased feed intake and weight gain during the entire rearing period (P < 0.05). Interaction of fiber and Thr had no beneficial effects on the performance of chickens across the entire rearing phase. Dietary supplementation of 110% Thr required level improved jejunal morphometric features (P < 0.05), whereas its inclusion with fibrous materials failed to show the same effects. Dietary supplemental Thr together with SBP significantly increased antibody production against SRBC (P < 0.05). In conclusion, although supplemental 30 g/kg fibrous materials impaired growth performance, inclusion of SBP along with 110% Thr level improved the humoral immunity in broiler chickens. 相似文献
18.
Effects of Lactobacillus cultures on growth performance,abdominal fat deposition,serum lipids and weight of organs of broiler chickens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. The effects of a mixture of 12 Lactobacillus strains (LC) on the growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipids and weight of organs of broiler chickens were studied from 1 to 42 d of age. 2. One hundred and thirty-six 1-d-old male broiler chicks were assigned at random to two dietary treatments: a basal diet (control), and a basal diet with 0.1% LC. 3. The supplementation of LC in broiler diets improved the body weight gain and feed conversion rate from 1 to 42 d of age and was effective in reducing abdominal fat deposition but only after 28 d of age. 4. The LC diets reduced serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides in broilers from 21 to 42 d of age. However, there was no significant difference in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol between control and LC-fed broilers. There was also no significant difference in the weights of organs of control and LC-fed broilers. 5. The results indicated that the mixture of 12 Lactobacillus strains have a hypolipidaemic effect on broilers. 相似文献
19.
文章旨在评估肉鸡在不同生长阶段饲喂不同蛋白源日粮对其生长性能、小肠酶活和胫骨特征的影响。试验将平均初始体重为（43.55±0.36）g的400只商品肉仔鸡随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只。试验分为1～14?d和15～28?d两个试验阶段,T1组肉鸡在1～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T2组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂豆粕型日粮,15～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T3组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂菜粕型日粮,15～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T4组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,15～28?d饲喂豆粕型日粮,T5组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,15～28?d饲喂菜粕型日粮。结果：T3和T4组肉鸡1～14?d平均日增重和采食量显著高于T1和T2组,而T1和T2组肉鸡1～14?d料重比最低（P＜0.05）。T1和T5组肉鸡小肠胰蛋白酶活性显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,T3和T4组肉鸡小肠脂肪酶活性显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,T1组肉鸡小肠糜蛋白酶活性最低（P＜0.05）。T2组胫骨灰分含量较其他组分别显著提高了9.65%、13.64%、15.74%和17.92%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,肉鸡在生长初期（1～14?d）饲喂菜粕型日粮可以显著改善采食量和日增重。
[关键词]蛋白源饲料|肉鸡|生长性能|酶活|胫骨特征 相似文献