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1.
Genetic diversity of rice landraces from lowland and upland accessions of China was investigated using 66 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers.The total number of alleles detected from all 324 tested accessions was 555 with an average allele number (Na) of 8.409 per locus,the average effective number of alleles (Ne) of 3.574 and the average Shannon’s information index (I) of 1.378.The genetic diversity was higher for the indica landraces compared to the japonica landraces,and the upland landraces were more genetically diverse than the lowland landraces.The SSR markers,RM72,RM232,RM219,RM241,RM224 and RM3 showed the highest rates of polymorphism and these SSR markers were suitable to assess the genetic diversity of rice germplasm resources.A dendrogram of 324 accessions of lowland and upland landraces showed that all rice accessions were mainly subdivided into two groups,japonica and indica,with some being intermediate.The distribution of lowland and upland landraces among the japonica and indica rice groups was distinct,with obvious differentiation between the lowland and upland landraces in japonica rice,but no such clear distinction in indica rice.  相似文献   

2.
We genotyped 74 rice germplasms including Tripura's local landraces, improved varieties, cultivars and breeding lines and other rice varieties using molecular markers for genetic diversity, drought QTLs, and blast resistance genes. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 5 with an average of 2.9. The polymorphic information content value per locus ranged from 0.059 (RM537) to 0.755 (RM252) with an average of 0.475. Cluster analysis based on 30 simple sequence repeat markers revealed 5 clusters and also indicated the presence of variability within the rice accessions. The drought QTL qDTY2.1 was found in 56.0% of germplasms and qDTY1.1 was detected in only 6.8% of the germplasms. Out of seven rice blast resistance genes screened, only two rice varieties, RCPL-1-82 and Buh Vubuk (Lubuk), were positive for four blast resistance genes while only Releng possessed two blast resistance genes. Among 74 rice germplasms, only three accessions, Releng, RCPL1-82 and Buh Vubuk (Lubuk), possessed both drought-related QTLs and blast resistance genes. Overall, the 74 indigenous rice genotypes showed low level of genetic diversity, which is in contrast to high level of genetic diversity among rice varieties in northeast India, where highlights the good farming practice, conservation of germplasms and the limitation of molecular markers employed in this study. The presence of both drought related QTLs and blast resistance genes in some of the germplasms can be useful in future breeding programmes.  相似文献   

3.
基于SSR标记的云南地方稻种群体内遗传多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
 用20对SSR引物对原产于云南的16份地方稻种和2份选育品种进行单个品种群体内的遗传多样性分析。结果表明,87.5%的地方品种群体内SSR多态性高于选育品种,而12.5%的地方品种群体内SSR标记多态性与选育品种相近。81.2%的地方稻种群体内的等位基因数(Na)和Nei基因遗传多样性指数(He)高于选育品种,而18.8%的地方品种群体内Na和He与选育品种相同或略小。水稻地方稻种群体内He的差异较大,其变异范围为0.0146～0.5117,其中,黄板所 1（1980年收集）、黄板所 2（2007年收集）、麻线谷 1（1980年收集）、麻线谷 2（2007年收集）的群体内遗传多样性较高,分别为0.2327、0.4214、0.5117和0.4489。87.5%地方品种的杂合度(Ho)明显高于选育品种;地方品种群体间遗传多样性差异很大,其中1/4的遗传差异来源于地方稻种群体内,差异极显著。RM333、RM257和RM180在供试云南地方稻种群体内的多态性、等位基因数、多样性指数和变异百分率均较高,适用于云南地方稻种群体内遗传多样性检测。  相似文献   

4.
We surveyed the uptake of three modern rice varieties by farmers in high-altitude villages in the Kaski district of Nepal and found that their uptake had displaced some traditional landraces in the district. The three varieties, Machhapuchhre-3 (M-3), Machhapuchhre-9 (M-9) and Lumle 2, were developed using client-oriented, participatory plant breeding methods and the first was introduced to farmers in 1996. By 2004 up to 60% of the land area was used to grow these modern varieties. Molecular markers (SSR) were used to assay levels of genetic diversity to test if adoption of modern varieties in the place of landraces had changed genetic diversity. The modern varieties were found to contain diverse alleles with a high proportion from the local parent variety, Chhomrong Dhan. We found a high level of allelic richness in the landraces, and although seven had been dropped in favour of the modern varieties, other diverse landraces were still being cultivated by farmers in the study villages on up to 40% of the rice area. Genetic diversity may be maintained even when landraces are displaced by modern varieties. Using a model we found that the partial replacement of landraces increased genetic diversity if the modern varieties were adopted on up to 65% of the area. Only above these levels did overall diversity decline.  相似文献   

5.
贵州地方水稻品种的SSR遗传多样性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
利用21对SSR引物对74份贵州"禾"水稻品种及6份国际上常用的典型籼稻和粳稻品种进行遗传多样性研究。共检测到92个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数变幅为2~9个,平均4.381个;平均Shannon信息指数为0.935,变幅为0·2793~1.8732;期望杂合度为0.5145,范围在0.0988~0.8313;品种间遗传相似系数为0.64~0.98。UPGMA聚类分析表明,在相似系数为0.682处可将"禾"品种分为4大类,大部分材料被聚类到典型粳稻的附近,品种间的亲缘关系与地理来源关系不大;主坐标分析结果与UPGMA聚类结果基本吻合。SSR检测结果表明,贵州省水稻地方品种——"禾"的多样性程度较低,且大多数属于粳稻。  相似文献   

6.
《Field Crops Research》2006,95(2-3):327-335
Nepal has a wide diversity of rice landraces in all rice-growing areas from low to high altitude. A baseline survey in Jumla, a high-altitude site (2200–3000 m), identified rice landraces with different names that differed in phenotype and were adapted to the extreme high-altitude environment. Jumli Marshi was the most common traditional rice variety, accounting for 85% of samples collected. The genetic diversity of these landraces was assessed by agro-morphological variability and microsatellite marker polymorphism. Forty-two qualitative and quantitative traits and 39 microsatellite (simple sequence repeats, SSR) markers were assessed among accessions with 10 different names. The accessions showed low morphological diversity with an average Shannon Weaver diversity index of 0.23. Only 16 morphological traits showed significant variation among the accessions. Discriminant function analysis showed that only 36% of accessions could be clustered according to name by morphological traits. Only one SSR locus was polymorphic, distinguishing only one accession. The names used by farmers to describe the phenotypic characteristics of panicle and grains were inconsistent indicators of genetic identity. We conclude that the Jumla landrace population has a narrow genetic base. The diversity detected was sufficiently low for it to be possible that there was a single origin for all of the Jumla landraces.  相似文献   

7.
Breeding for salinity tolerance using Bangladeshi rice landraces and understand genetic diversity has been limited by the complex and polygenic nature of salt tolerance in rice genotypes. A genetic diversity and association mapping analysis was conducted using 96 germplasm accessions with variable response to salt stress at the seedling stage. These included86 landraces and 10 indica varieties and lines including Nona Bokra, from southern Bangladesh. A total of 220 alleles were detected at 58 Simple Sequence Repeat(SSR) marker loci randomly distributed on all 12 rice chromosomes and 8 Sequence Tagged Site(STS) markers developed for genes SKC1, DST, and SalT. The average gene diversity was 0.5075 and polymorphism information content value was 0.4426, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed that 68 and 21 accessions were clustered into 2 distinct groups, possibly corresponding to indica and japonica groups, respectively and the remaining 7 landraces were classified as an admixed group. In addition to Wn11463, the STS marker for SKC1, RM22418 on Chr. 8 was significantly associated with salinity tolerance, at the location of a QTL detected in previous studies. Our findings of favorable alleles associated with salinity tolerance in Bangladeshi rice landraces, as well as the development of STS markers for salt tolerance genes, will be helpful in future efforts to breed salinity tolerance in rice.  相似文献   

8.
Investigation of genetic diversity and relationships among breeding lines is of great importance to facilitate parent selection in hybrid rice breeding programs.In this study,we characterized 168 hybrid rice parents from International Rice Research Institute with 207 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 353 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.A total of 1 267 SSR and 706 SNP alleles were detected with the averages of 6.1 (SSR) and 2.0 (SNP) alleles per locus respectively across all lines.Based on the genetic distances estimated from the SSR and SNP markers separately and combined,the unrooted neighbor-joining cluster and STRUCTURE analyses consistently separated the 168 hybrid rice parents into two major groups:B-line and R-line,which is consistent with known parent pedigree information.The genetic distance matrices derived from the SSR and SNP genotyping were highly correlated (r=0.81,P < 0.001),indicating that both of the SSR and SNP markers have distinguishable power to detect polymorphism and are appropriate for genetic diversity analysis among tropical hybrid rice parents.A subset of 60 SSR markers were also chosen by the Core Hunter with 368 alleles,and the cluster analysis based on the total and subset of SSR markers highly corresponded at r=0.91 (P < 0.001),suggesting that fewer SSR markers can be used to classify and evaluate genetic diversity among parental lines.  相似文献   

9.
利用118对SSR分子标记对2012年云南哈尼梯田的47份水稻材料进行多态性检测,分析其遗传多样性,并利用Structure 2.3.4软件进行群体结构分析。结果显示,118对SSR标记共检测到255个等位变异,变幅为2~4个,平均每个标记2.161个。基因多样性指数变异范围为0.043~0.656,平均0.303。多态信息含量(PIC)变异范围为0.042~0.583,平均0.256。其中高度多态位点(PIC0.5)有2个,中度多态位点(0.25PIC0.5)有66个;通过遗传相似系数及基于数学模型的群体结构分析均将供试材料分为偏籼和偏粳2个类群;聚类结果和海拔高度总体上没有明显规律,但偏籼类群中的偏籼红米亚群按海拔高低分别聚在一起。研究表明,云南哈尼梯田现有栽培水稻以偏籼水稻为主,但本研究估测的遗传多样性低于前人报道。  相似文献   

10.
A collection of 167 Thai and exotic rice accessions was subjected for evaluation of genetic diversity and assessment of relationship by simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. Among a total of 49 SSR markers, 13 markers distributing over 12 rice chromosomes showed clear polymorphic band patterns, and they were selected for genetic assessment. A total of 110 alleles were detected with an average of 8.46 alleles per locus. The averages of gene diversity, heterozygosity and polymorphic information content were 0.59, 0.02 and 0.56, respectively. The unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic averages(UPGMA) clustering analysis was performed for genetic distance, and phylogenetic tree was constructed. The result showed that this rice collection was divided into two major groups, classified as japonica and indica subspecies. Within the japonica group, temperate japonica and tropical japonica subgroups can be clearly separated. Three-dimensional principal component analysis projection and model-based population structure analysis showed consistent clustering results with two major groups of UPGMA analysis, supporting the classification of japonica and indica subspecies. The indica allelic frequency was also investigated to provide an indicative guide for breeders to overcome the practical problems on sterility of inter-subspecies hybrid offspring. This rice collection and information obtained in this study will be useful for rice breeding programs.  相似文献   

11.
Molecular markers have been widely used in crop genetic improvement,seed test and genetic mapping.Of which,sequence characterized amplified region(SCAR) markers are particularly popular for its diversity,stable reproducibility,and suitability for analyzing large number of samples.In this study,500 random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) primers were tested,and a set of SCAR markers comprising 37 pairs of loci-specific primers were developed from the DNA fragments ranging from 300 to 1000 bp which correspond to the stable,distinctive RAPD banding patterns.Using these SCAR markers,59 hybrid rice combinations were assessed and distinguished into 58 subgroups at the similarity coefficient of 0.97 in a genetic clustering tree based on the allele diversities of the SCAR markers.Furthermore,13 hybrid rice combinations were reassayed with 40 randomly selected simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers to evaluate the effectiveness of these SCAR markers.SSR markers produced similar results to SCAR markers as the 13 hybrid rice combinations were completely separated at the similarity coefficient of 0.91 in the clustering tree established from SSR patterns.Taken together,SCAR markers prove to be effective tools for identifying and differentiating hybrid rice combinations.  相似文献   

12.
Genetic diversity of 299 inbred indica rice varieties, including 33 introduced varieties, applied in Guangdong Province of China were assessed using 20 ILP(intron length polymorphism) and 34 SSR(simple sequence repeat) markers. Totally, 154 loci were screened for the 299 varieties, with the average number of alleles(Na), rare alleles(Nr), and polymorphism information content(PIC) scored at 3.4, 0.7and 0.32, respectively. The Nei’s genetic distance(GD) was estimated ranging from 0 to 0.7529 with an average of 0.4797. There was no significant difference of Na, Nr, PIC or GDs between the introduced and local varieties. Neighbor-joining(NJ) analysis showed that the 299 varieties failed into three main distinct groups, and the 33 introduced varieties were distributed over all the groups or subgroups. Model-based cluster analysis demonstrated that only 73(24.4%) of the 299 varieties and 7(21.2%) of the 33 introduced varieties could be distinctly classified into the three groups. Analysis of molecular variance showed that within the groups divided by NJ analysis, the genetic variations revealed by ILP, SSR and these two combined were 7.7%, 5.6% and 6.6%, and within the groups divided by region(Guangdong local and the introduced varieties), the genetic variables were 2.1%, 4.6%, 5.4%, respectively. These results suggested that the genetic diversity of the 299 inbred rice varieties in Guangdong Province was low, simultaneously relationship among varieties was poor and close in all kind of groups. Hence, it is very necessary to extend the genetic diversity during the breeding and selection practical procedure.  相似文献   

13.
基于水稻基因组序列SSR的多态性分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
 根据Monsanto公司所发布的6655个序列\[由简单重复序列(SSR)及其两翼各100个碱基组成\]，通过生物信息学的方法，找到了在籼稻(Oryza sativa subsp. indica)品种93 11与粳稻(Oryza sativa subsp. japonica)品种日本晴的基因组序列中匹配最好的1453个同源位点。在这些位点中，93 11和日本晴中分别搜索到了1449个和1451个SSR。通过对SSR的分类比较，发现在93 11和日本晴的相同位点存在1175个具有相同基序的SSR，其中371个具有相同的基序和重复个数，804个具有相同的基序但重复次数有差异。具有相同基序但重复次数有差异的SSR类型中，频率最高的是2个核苷酸的重复子，占62.94%，基序为5个和6个核苷酸的SSR则较少。对水稻这两个品种相应区域SSR的多态性比较分析，揭示了用这些特定类型的SSR可以在这两个品种的特定区域发展新的SSR标记，并为研究这两个品种之间遗传变异、基因组功能之间的差异等提供依据。  相似文献   

14.
Joha rice of Assam is a class of rice with aroma, good cooking qualities and excellent palatability, which are grown in different places of Assam with their adaptability to local situations. A total of 143 simple sequence repeat markers were used in this study to reveal sufficient genetic variations among the 40 Joha and 14 non-Joha rice genotypes. Polymorphism information content of these markers were from 0.17 to 0.88, where the average of 3.7 alleles were observed. The model-based population assignment and dendrogram analysis identified three distinct groups in the 54 rice accessions, which established a clear identity of Joha accessions from the Basmati accessions, indicating high diversity and strong population structure in Joha rice. Furthermore, a total of 29 significant marker-trait associations(P 0.05) for 10 characters were detected. The QTLs related with yield and grain quality can be used effectively in crop improvement programs and for further fine mapping and validation of specific genes to develop gene-based perfect markers in rice breeding and for mining of better alleles of these genes in Joha rice collections.  相似文献   

15.
用SSR标记评估东北三省水稻推广品种的遗传多样性   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
 利用53个SSR标记和24个表型性状分析东北三省107个水稻推广品种,探讨东北水稻推广品种群体遗传多样性及不同育成年代、省份间的遗传多样性和互补性。结果表明,表型遗传多样性高于DNA水平,年代间表型与微卫星标记的遗传多样性具有较高的相似性,而地区间无明显相似性。东北水稻推广品种遗传多样性比较狭窄,随着时间推移增加的新等位基因多于消失的旧等位基因数。三省水稻推广品种遗传多样性呈现黑龙江>吉林>辽宁的趋势,但由于地区间频繁引种,东北水稻品种在区域上的遗传分化已不明显,其差异主要来源于品种间的基因型差异。不同省份存在较多的互补等位变异,最多的在黑龙江和辽宁之间。不同省份和不同年代间分别拥有各自特有和特缺的等位变异。参试品种可分为5个类群,每一类群均有两个以上年代（省份）品种分布。  相似文献   

16.
澳洲坚果原产于澳大利亚亚热带雨林,是我国新兴的重要经济作物,其种质资源丰富,但遗传背景复杂,亲缘关系混乱。开展澳洲坚果种质资源遗传多样性分析,可拓展澳洲坚果种质资源创新利用途径,有效加快澳洲坚果育种进程。形态表型分析是最早用于种质鉴定和管理的标记之一,但易受环境因素影响。DNA分子标记技术在种质资源鉴定、遗传多样性分析中克服了传统表型分析易受环境影响的缺点。本研究采用9对高多态性SSR引物对91份国外引进以及自主选育品种(品系)澳洲坚果种质进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,共扩增出73个等位基因位点,平均等位基因8个,平均基因多样性为0.689,平均杂合度为0.578,多态性信息含量PIC为0.453~0.792,平均值为0.659,表明91份澳洲坚果具有较高的多态性。UPGMA聚类分析表明,在遗传距离为0.33处,将91份澳洲坚果分为2大类,且其亲缘关系与地理来源无显著相关性,与主成分分析、Structure分析结果一致。本研究供试澳洲坚果材料群体内遗传变异显著高于群体间变异,且遗传成分来源单一,遗传结构较为简单。本研究为澳洲坚果种质的有效利用以及核心种质构建提供理论基础,为进一步加速澳洲坚果种质遗传改良以及分子辅助育种奠定基础。  相似文献   

17.
澳洲坚果原产于澳大利亚亚热带雨林,是我国新兴的重要经济作物,其种质资源丰富,但遗传背景复杂,亲缘关系混乱。开展澳洲坚果种质资源遗传多样性分析,可拓展澳洲坚果种质资源创新利用途径,有效加快澳洲坚果育种进程。形态表型分析是最早用于种质鉴定和管理的标记之一,但易受环境因素影响。DNA分子标记技术在种质资源鉴定、遗传多样性分析中克服了传统表型分析易受环境影响的缺点。本研究采用9对高多态性SSR引物对91份国外引进以及自主选育品种(品系)澳洲坚果种质进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,共扩增出73个等位基因位点,平均等位基因8个,平均基因多样性为0.689,平均杂合度为0.578,多态性信息含量PIC为0.453~0.792,平均值为0.659,表明91份澳洲坚果具有较高的多态性。UPGMA聚类分析表明,在遗传距离为0.33处,将91份澳洲坚果分为2大类,且其亲缘关系与地理来源无显著相关性,与主成分分析、Structure分析结果一致。本研究供试澳洲坚果材料群体内遗传变异显著高于群体间变异,且遗传成分来源单一,遗传结构较为简单。本研究为澳洲坚果种质的有效利用以及核心种质构建提供理论基础,为进一步加速澳洲坚果种质遗传改良以及分子辅助育种奠定基础。  相似文献   

18.
西双版纳糯玉米地方品种遗传多样性分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
利用SSR标记对西双版纳的36个小糯玉米地方品种和2个对照品种进行遗传多样性研究。从800余对SSR引物中筛选出100对多态性好、稳定性高的SSR引物。结果表明, 这100对SSR引物在36个糯玉米地方品种中共检测出353个等位基因, 每对引物检测出2～8个, 平均为3.53个, 平均多态性息量(PIC)为0.53, 平均标记索引系数(MI)为2.00。聚类分析表明, 糯玉米地方品种聚为6个类群, 与对照品种相比, 地方品种独立成群。  相似文献   

19.
The Northwest Potato Variety Development (NWPVD) Program has released 45 improved potato varieties since 1985. Thirty-four potato varieties, four breeding clones and two advanced selections from NWPVD Program, and six commonly-grown potato varieties were fingerprinted using 32 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 12,808 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Of 32 SSR markers, 29 exhibited significant polymorphism across all the 46 potato clones studied. A total of 143 alleles were observed with an average of 4.6 alleles per SSR marker. These markers span all 12 chromosomes of potato, with a maximum of five markers from chromosome VIII and minimum of one marker from chromosome VI. The polymorphic information content (PIC) and expected heterozygosity (He) of the SSR markers ranges between 0.18 to 0.75 and 0.20 to 0.78, respectively. Based on PIC, He, and ease of scoring, we recommend a set of eight SSR markers: STG0016, STI0004, STI0012, STI0023, STI0030, STI0033, STM1016 and STM1104 for fingerprinting NWPVD varieties. Out of 12,808 SNPs, 88.8% resulted in reliable three cluster diploid calling of which 87.8% were polymorphic. Tetraploid calling resulted in 44.2% of SNPs of which 94.5% were polymorphic. Our study provided fingerprinting resources for the NWPVD varieties and can be used in issues related to intellectual property rights, ownership, trademark and diversity analysis.  相似文献   

20.
河南省同名小麦地方品种SSR遗传多样性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为了给河南省小麦地方品种的开发利用提供依据,利用SSR标记对白和尚头、白麦、白芒糙、出山豹等15组名称相同的小麦地方品种共计155份材料进行了组间和组内遗传多样性分析。结果发现,同名品种组内,15组材料的等位变异变化范围为47~79个,平均遗传相似系数变化范围为0.66~0.93,多态性信息含量分布范围为0.856~0.936;同名品种组间,155份材料共产生143个等位变异,遗传相似系数分布范围为0.75~1.00,平均遗传相似系数为0.90,多态性信息含量为0.981。分别对同名品种组内和组间进行聚类分析,结果发现,同名品种组内3组共7份材料遗传相似系数为1.00,而同名品种组间未出现遗传相似系数为1.00的材料。由此可见,河南省小麦地方品种具有丰富的遗传多样性,同名小麦地方品种间存在同名同质和同名异质的现象。  相似文献   

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