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1.
烟草种子超干燥贮藏及其相关技术研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为最大限度地延长烟草种子寿命,妥善保存烟草种质资源,防止种质资源失传,自1994年以来,先后开展了一系列烟草种子超干燥保存及相关技术研究工作。一是采用不同的干燥剂、干燥剂与种子的不同比例对不同类型的烟草种子进行超干燥处理,即把烟草种子含水率降低到5%以下的超干燥水平,初步查明不同处理的烟草种子在超干燥过程中水分降低和种子活力变化规律,由此推算出烟草种子超干燥保存最佳含水率为1.5%～2.5%。同时也验证了大量烟草种子适合于超干燥处理和保存。二是采用种子活力年平均降低值的3种方法预测了1978～1995年采收的34份烟草种子的贮藏寿命,表明烟草种子在超干燥条件下可保存25年以上。三是把超干燥的种子放在不同的温度和湿度条件下贮藏,最适合的贮藏条件是4℃,其次是-8℃,再次是在室温下的干燥器内保存,在常温的室内或高温(温室)下保存一年后就完全丧失活力。通过对1979～2000年采收的种子苗期和大田期的主要性状观察试验,没有发现超干燥保存的烟草种子有遗传变异。采用上述技术,已成功地保存了1500多份烟草种质资源,并探索出延长烟草种子寿命和安全贮藏的新技术。 相似文献
2.
适宜含水率保持油茶籽贮藏品质 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为了确定油茶籽贮藏适宜的含水率,研究了在4℃,不同含水率(7%、10%、13%、16%、20%)油茶籽贮藏期间的品质变化。结果表明,较低的含水率能较好保持油茶籽的贮藏特性及营养品质。其中,含水率为7%的油茶籽贮藏效果较好,但与10%处理效果差异不明显(P>0.05)。在整个贮藏期,含水率为7%时油茶籽可溶性蛋白下降了13.05 mg/g,油酸含量下降了2.38%,酸值、过氧化值等品质指标上升速率较慢,同时能较好保持β-谷甾醇和角鲨烯等生物活性成分;其次是10%的含水率处理。而含水率为20%的油茶籽贮藏期间可溶性蛋白下降较快,贮藏结束时为25.47 mg/g,油茶籽劣变严重,所提取的油样品质变差,营养物质含量较少,因此含水率20%的油茶籽不适宜长期贮藏。综合考虑油茶籽品质因素和处理成本,认为控制含水率在10%以下能较好保持油茶籽的贮藏品质。该研究可为科学合理地贮藏油茶籽提供参考。 相似文献
3.
玉米种子超干燥方法及超干适应性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
超干贮藏能在常温下长期保持种子发芽力,方便易行、高效低耗,但大粒种子超干燥困难.该试验以玉米杂交种农大108和自交系黄C为材料,用真空冷冻干燥机和烘箱干燥的方法进行超干处理,并对超干后的种子进行发芽测定,旨在探讨玉米一类大粒种子的超干适应性,筛选适宜的超干燥方法.结果表明,冷冻干燥机干燥较烘箱干燥速度快,能在较短时间内达到超干水平,且超干种子具有强的抗高温老化能力.但超干种子直接进行发芽,发芽率较低, 缓湿后发芽率明显提高.说明玉米种子可以进行超干贮藏,但必须进行缓湿处理后再播种. 相似文献
4.
银杏种子常温贮藏技术研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
为了探索银杏种子常温贮藏技术，研究了6种贮前处理方法对贮藏银杏种子质量及其生理的影响，其中以10 g/L亚硫酸氢钠溶液浸泡处理1 h，25℃贮藏30 d，失水率1.02%，硬化率0.52%，霉变率1.36%，胚长度3.50 mm，发芽率92.57%为最佳效果，而同期CK组霉变率89.14%，发芽率只有6.53%。针对银杏种子采后主要病原真菌,采用抑菌圈法筛选出施保功和抑霉唑为银杏种子贮藏保鲜的抑菌剂,其最适浓度分别为0.8 g/L和1.0 g/L，而且两者的抑制作用具有明显的互补性。含有0.8 g/L施保功和1.0 g/L抑霉唑的混合溶液浸泡处理银杏种子0.5 h，0.02 mm聚乙烯薄膜袋包装，于20℃,贮藏90 d，霉变率仅2.51%，远低于两者单独使用的霉变率，发芽率仍达到91.24%，硬化率、失水率及胚长度分别控制在2.65%、3.94%和4.36 mm。混合抑菌剂处理的银杏种子除脂肪酶活性上升37.08%外，其余各项生理指标均呈下降趋势，以呼吸强度(RI)下降69.92%最为显著。种子的呼吸衰老作用受到明显抑制。β-淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、果胶甲酯酶(PE)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性虽有下降，但银杏种子仍保持较高的活力。 相似文献
5.
延长番茄种子寿命的液体保存剂 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将番茄栽掊品种“Ａｒｋａ Ｓａｕｒａｂｈ”含水量为１０％和８．６％的种子密封贮藏，大约分别过７３０天和１１００天种子完全丧失发芽力。用已烯乙二醇贮存１４６０天和１８２０天，含水量１０％的种子发芽率分别是４３％和３１％；含水量８．６％的种子发芽率分别为８０％和６６％，生长势也随时间的延长而减弱，用含２５％ＣａＣｌ２的甘油保存剂（ＣＡＬＧＬＹ）贮藏１４０６天和１８２０天，含水量１０％和８．６％种子的发 相似文献
6.
不同贮藏方式对棕榈种子Q2值的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究不同贮藏方式对棕榈种子活力的影响,采用Q2技术,通过测定萌发启动时间(IMT)、萌发氧气消耗速率(OMR)、理论萌发时间(RGT)等的Q2值,研究比较了常温气藏(AS)、4℃低温贮藏(CS)和常温沙藏(SS)3种贮藏条件下棕榈种子的活力。结果表明,3种贮藏方式下种子的活力均有所降低,但CS处理与新鲜种子(FS)的Q2值差异不显著,该处理下的棕榈种子较SS和AS能保持较高的活力,其OMR较快,IMT和RGT均较短,是最佳的贮藏棕榈种子的方法。本研究结果为棕榈工厂化育苗及育苗规范的制定提供了理论依据和技术指导。 相似文献
7.
短波紫外线照射对鸡腿菇保鲜的影响（简报） 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为寻求适应分散的小规模生产食用菌的保鲜技术,以鸡腿菇为试验材料,研究了短波紫外线（UV-C）照射对鸡腿菇低温（4℃）和常温（20℃）贮藏保鲜的影响。研究结果表明,UV-C照射处理能够显著延长鸡腿菇的保鲜时间,鸡腿菇在4℃贮藏时的保鲜时间由处理前的6～7 d延长至10～11 d,在常温下的保鲜时间由2 d延长至4 d以上。UV-C照射能够抑制鸡腿菇在贮藏期间的后熟作用,降低多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性,从而降低鸡腿菇的呼吸强度,减小细胞膜透性,延缓褐变反应,尤其能有效地抑制菌柄伸长,从而延长鸡腿菇的保鲜时间。UV-C的照射时间越长,抑制后熟生长、降低PPO活性的作用越明显,但带给鸡腿菇的损伤（如褐变、呼吸增强等）越强烈,因此UV-C的照射时间不宜过长。 相似文献
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9.
为了综合水分活度及玻璃化转变理论构建状态图,获得灰枣粉的较佳贮藏条件,该文采用静态称量法和差示扫描量热法测定灰枣粉的吸附特性及玻璃化转变温度。结果表明,膨化干燥灰枣粉水分吸附的平衡干基含水率随水分活度的增加而增加,水分吸附等温线呈J型,描述灰枣粉水分吸附特性的适宜模型为GAB模型（R2=0.9968）;灰枣粉的玻璃化转变温度随含水率升高而降低,湿基含水率由0.064 g/g增加到0.175 g/g时,玻璃化转变温度由29.90℃降低到?35.02℃;灰枣粉干基含水率≤0.1223 g/g、贮藏温度≤?0.062°C时其稳定性较好,研究结果为灰枣粉加工、运输等过程中的贮藏条件提供理论参考。 相似文献
10.
保水剂对4种典型荒漠植物种子萌发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究不同保水剂用量对4种典型荒漠植物种子萌发的影响,筛选种子包衣保水剂的适宜用量,为荒漠区植被恢复和荒漠化防治提供科学依据。[方法]以红砂(Reaumuria soongarica)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、泡果白刺(Nitraria sphaerocarpa)、花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)4种典型荒漠植物为研究对象,采用1%,4%,7%,10%,13%的保水剂对4种种子进行处理,测定4种种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数。[结果]随保水剂用量的增加柠条种子发芽率呈现下降趋势,花棒、泡果白刺和红砂呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当保水剂用量为4%时发芽率最高;不同量保水剂处理对柠条和红砂种子发芽势影响显著(p0.05)。随着保水剂用量的增加发芽势均呈现先增加后减小趋势,当保水剂用量为1%时柠条种子发芽势最高,4%时花棒、泡果白刺和红砂种子的发芽势最高;不同量保水剂处理对柠条、泡果白刺和红砂种子平均发芽速率和发芽指数影响显著(p0.05),泡果白刺和红砂种子随着保水剂用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当保水剂用量为4%时平均发芽速率和发芽指数最高,当保水剂用量为1%时,柠条种子发芽指数最大。[结论]保水剂用量对种子萌发的影响因物种而各异,适量的保水剂对典型荒漠植物种子的萌发具有促进作用。 相似文献
11.
Grzegorz Żurek 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1999,46(5):485-490
Qualitative and quantitative changes in populations of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) after seed storage under different conditions were estimated. Phenotypic characters of plants grown from seeds stored for 54 months under two different storage conditions were compared. The germination of most of the seed accessions stored under favourable conditions remained at the initial level while storage under unfavourable conditions resulted in a decrease of the initial germination percentage as well as in an increase in the number of plants showing chlorophyll aberrations. There is great variability among the accessions resulting from storage under unfavourable conditions. In case of a few accessions a decrease in germination below 35% resulted in chlorophyll aberrations, faster flowering, shorter inflorescence and reduced viability of pollen grains. 相似文献
12.
Summary The lima bean,Phaseolus lunatus L., is a bean species with a broad distribution in the Americas that rivals that of common bean (P. vulgaris). In order to better understand the organization of genetic diversity and the pattern of domestication in lima bean, a review
was conducted of the available information on the geographic distribution of wild and cultivated forms of this species. In
addition, one-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of seed proteins was also conducted on a sample of 84 wild,
6 weedy, and 426 cultivated forms. Results show that wild forms can be divided into two groups, one with smaller seeds and
a very extensive distribution that includes Mexico, Central America, and the eastern slope of the Andes, and the other with
a more circumscribed distribution on the western slope of the Andes in Ecuador and northern Peru. Electrophoretic analyses
of seed proteins confirmed this subdivision and, additionally, showed that the large-seeded cultivars had been domesticated
from the large-seeded wild lima beans in western South America. For the small-seeded lima bean cultivars, it was not possible
to determine a domestication center as the most abundant protein pattern in the cultivars also had a widespread distribution
in the small-seeded wild progenitor. Electrophoretic analyses showed, however, that domestication led to a reduction of genetic
diversity in the small-seeded, Mesoamerican group, but not in the large-seeded group. The latter may be due to insufficient
sampling of the larger-seeded, wild germplasm. 相似文献
13.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(14):1728-1738
Chickpea plants were grown in arsenic (As)–contaminated soils (5 mg kg?1 of dry soil) and investigated for As uptake, distribution, and effects on growth, yield, and quality of seeds. The roots accumulated the greatest As (7 mg kg?1 dry weight), followed by stem (4.8 mg), leaves (4.0 mg), and seeds (0.7 mg). Arsenic inhibited the growth of the roots and shoots (as dry weight) by 65% and 60%, respectively, over controls. The shoot/root ratio declined from 4.3 in the control to 3.5 in As-treated plants. The seed yield (g) and number of pods plant?1 decreased by 66 and 53%, respectively, over controls. A marked increase in membrane damage coupled with reduction in chlorophyll and relative leaf water content occurred in As-treated plants. The contaminated plants showed 34% and 25% decrease over control in sucrose content in their leaves and seeds, respectively. The accumulation of seed reserves such as starch, proteins, sugars, and minerals was inhibited significantly due to As-treated plants. Storage proteins such as albumins, globulins, glutelins and prolamins decreased significantly with larger effect on glutelins. The contents of minerals such as calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and iron (Fe) declined greatly in the seeds of As-treated plants. The accumulation of amino acids such as lysine, methionine?+?cystine, phenylalanine?+?tyrosine, proline, threonine, tryptophan, and valine was inhibited significantly in the seeds of As-applied plants compared to the control. The findings indicated that As application markedly reduced the quality of the chickpea seeds, especially in terms of proteins and minerals. 相似文献
14.
为了揭示茶叶籽贮藏时间对发酵法茶叶籽毛油产率与质量的影响,每2周从贮藏的茶叶籽中取样,利用茶叶籽油发酵法生产工艺进行茶叶籽毛油生产,并对工艺中各项剩余物的含油量及毛油的重要质量指标进行了测定,结果如下。室温条件下,茶叶籽贮藏47周后,毛油产率下降了23.5%、酸值及过氧化值分别升高了44.88%及69.4%,毛油色泽基本没有变化。滤渣、发酵沉淀的质量分别升高了20.27%及23.35%;淀粉、油渣质量分别降低了6.13%及3.64%。滤渣、发酵沉淀、淀粉及油渣含油率分别升高了15.63%、22.77%、206%及12.88%。发酵沉淀质量对毛油产率的影响是正向的,淀粉、油渣及滤渣质量对毛油产率的影响是负向的;发酵沉淀及滤渣含油率对毛油产率的影响是正向的,淀粉及油渣含油量对毛油产率的影响是负向的,影响大小的排序为:油渣淀粉滤渣发酵沉淀。综合分析表明,滤渣是通过滤渣质量的增加导致毛油产率随贮藏时间下降的,其下降作用的贡献占全部下降因素的79.28%。贮藏47周后的茶叶籽仁,利用发酵法生产工艺仍然具有毛油生产价值。该研究可为茶叶籽油合理生产提供理论支撑。 相似文献
15.
Total seed storage proteins of five species of Celosia (14 taxa) have been compared by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Relative similarities between the taxa were estimated by Jaccard's similarity index and cluster analysis was performed to produce a UPGMA dendrogram which divides 14 taxa into two groups while C. trigyna holds an isolated position. One group includes 4x C. cristata and C. plumosa, wild 8x C. argentea and 12x C. whitei and the other separates four accessions of 4x C. argentea. This raises a doubt regarding 4x types of C. argentea being the direct progenitors of the cultivated types. 相似文献
16.
It is believed that some organic compounds form complexes with iron and aluminum and prevent the fixation of phosphate applied to soils. 相似文献
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18.
Turgay Cakmak Ökkeş Atici Güleray Agar 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):353-360
Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of long-term natural aging on germinability and several biochemical characteristics regarding antioxidative response of both dry and germinating two different clover (Trifolium repens and Trifolium pratense) seeds stored for 40 years. The percent germination of the seeds was monitored for 7 days. The activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, H2O2 levels, and phenolic matter content were tested on 0, 1st, 3rd, and 7th days of germination. On the 7th day of germination, the germination ratios of the old T. repens and T. pratense seeds were 32 and 17%, while freshly harvested seeds showed 99 and 96% germination on the 4th day, respectively. The long-term aging caused an important increase in lipid peroxidation levels of the old dry seeds. Total phenolic content was high in the old dry seeds of T. repens compared with those of T. pratense. Remarkably, the long-term aging caused an important decrease in H2O2 content and the activities of catalase and peroxidase enzymes, but an increase in activity of superoxide dismutase in both the old dry seeds. The decreases in germinability of the old legume seeds were well correlated with the increasing level of lipid peroxidation and the decreasing activities of peroxidase and catalase. During the germination of the legume seeds, a noticeable increase was determined only in peroxidase activity in two types of the old seeds, while catalase activity decreased. However, the other biochemical parameters studied did not significantly change between the germinating old seeds and their freshly harvested controls. 相似文献