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1.
四川5个山(绵)羊品种随机扩增多态DNA分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
本研究参阅文献挑选 80个随机引物 ,从中筛选出 3 0个重复性好的引物 ,对四川黑山羊、南江黄羊、北川白山羊、成都麻羊 4个山羊品种和藏绵羊进行RAPD分析 ,并进一步对 1 3只南江黄羊个体 ,1 8只黑山羊个体的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增。用Nei氏公式计算品种间的遗传距离 ,用UPGMA法构建树状聚类图。结果表明 :黑山羊与南江黄羊的遗传距离最小 ,亲缘关系较近 ;藏绵羊与各品种间的遗传距离都很大 ,亲缘关系远 ;RAPD技术可作为一种有效的分子标记用于山羊品种之间遗传亲缘关系的分析  相似文献   

2.
以1份美国进口马蹄金(Dichondra repens)品种为对照,用RAPD和SRAP两种分子标记方法研究20份野生马蹄金种质资源的遗传多样性。结果发现,20条RAPD引物扩增出多态性条带130条,多态性比率为68.78％;22对SRAP引物扩增出175条多态性条带,多态性比率为72.31％,表明20份野生马蹄金之间具有较丰富的遗传多样性。聚类结果表明,RAPD标记将供试材料聚为两大类群,SRAP标记也将材料划分为两大类。两种标记下,供试材料呈现出较好的地域性分布规律,地理来源相近的材料能大致聚为一类,部分同聚为一类的材料在形态上也具有相似性。两种标记方法相关系数r0.01=0.910,二者存在极显著正相关,表明应用这两种技术对马蹄金遗传多样性与亲缘关系的分析具有较高的一致性和可信度。  相似文献   

3.
采用RAPD分子标记技术对狼尾草属10个品种(品系)间的遗传关系进行了分析。从100条RAPD引物中筛选出8条RAPD引物用于RAPD分析。8条RAPD引物共检测到70个位点,其中多态位点占88.57%,Nei’s基因多样度为0.3080,Shannon信息指数为0.5334;RAPD标记显示狼尾草属牧草具有丰富的遗传多态性。基于RAPD扩增构建相应的Nei’s(1979)遗传距离矩阵以及UPGMA树图。狼尾草属牧草品种(系)间遗传相似系数(GS)值为0.5102~0.9350。粗茎象草与美洲狼尾草的遗传相似系数最小,为0.5102,表明其亲缘关系最远;粗茎象草与未知品种的遗传相似系数最大,为0.9350,说明其亲缘关系最近。  相似文献   

4.
利用SSR、ISSR和RAPD技术构建苜蓿基因组DNA指纹图谱   总被引：58，自引：13，他引：45  
魏臻武 《草业学报》2004,13(3):62-67
在建立可靠的苜蓿基因组DNA提取分离和PCR扩增技术体系的基础上,筛选具有稳定多态性位点的RAPD、SSR和ISSR引物,建立苜蓿基因组DNA的SSR、ISSR和RAPD分子标记技术体系,并利用分子标记检测苜蓿品种(系)的DNA分子标记多态性,构建苜蓿品种的DNA指纹图谱.筛选出36个RAPD引物,8个SSR引物和12个ISSR随机引物,通过PCR扩增在55个国内外苜蓿品种(系)中获得了182个RAPD多态性位点和丰富的SSR和ISSR多态性位点,构建了55个苜蓿品种(系)的SSR、ISSR和RAPD指纹图谱.结果表明,不同苜蓿品种(系)的SSR多态性有较大差异;苜蓿品种ISSR指纹图谱多态性丰富,稳定性比RAPD强;可以通过2～3个引物鉴别我国主要苜蓿品种和引进品种,SSR和ISSR指纹图谱可以更好地用于苜蓿品种鉴定和遗传多样性分析.  相似文献   

5.
试验首先建立了适合山西本地山羊的RAPD体系及条件,然后从17种随机引物中筛选到9条引物,再用这9条引物对山羊个体进行扩增,最后扩增结果分别做单因子方差和T检验分析.结果表明：标记Q12C、Q14D对吕梁黑山羊体重和体尺有显著影响,Q12C、Q14D、Q04C、Q04E对吕梁黑山羊是增效标记,Q04F对吕梁黑山羊是减效标记;Q04D、Q06F对阳城白山羊体重和体尺有显著影响,P03B、Q14A、Q14D、Q06A、Q12B、Q06G对阳城白山羊是增效标记,Q06F、Q04F对阳城白山羊是减效标记.山西本地山羊基因组DNA多态性丰富,应增加引物和样本数量寻找更多的RAPD标记,为山羊育种的标记辅助选择和基因定位及作图提供科学依据.  相似文献   

6.
基于23个形态性状和SSR分子标记,对在川西北推广应用的老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)3个国审品种(‘川草2号’、‘阿坝’和‘康巴’)及1个新品系(‘雅江’)进行了鉴定研究。各品种表型性状与遗传背景差异较明显。新品系‘雅江’表现出优良的农艺性状,株高、叶长、叶宽、茎粗等形态性状均值显著优于3个对照品种(P0.05)。13对多态性好、特异性强、条带清晰的SSR引物在4个品种(系)中共扩增出90条条带,其中具有多态性的条带共68条,引物多态性条带比例(PPB)、多态性信息含量(PIC)及Shannon多样性指数(H)的平均值分别为76.32%、0.309及0.451,在供试品种(系)中均表现出较高的多态性。基于形态数据的欧氏距离和基于SSR数据的遗传距离矩阵之间具有较强的相关性(r=0.696,P=0.08),表明联合形态学标记和遗传标记能很好地用于品种鉴定,并且基于形态数据以及SSR分子标记的UPGMA聚类结果基本一致。筛选出4对引物可用于供试品种鉴定,并绘制了DNA指纹图谱。新品系‘雅江’具有明显区别于其它3个主推品种的形态特征和遗传背景,这为川西北高原老芒麦主要品种的遗传关系分析及品种的知识产权保护提供了数据支撑。  相似文献   

7.
采用ISSR和RAPD标记对8个60Co-γ辐射梯度诱变白刺花(Sophora viciifolia)进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:20条ISSR和6条RAPD引物的PPL多态率分别为51.37%和21.03%,ISSR的Nei's指数和平均Shannon指数均大于RAPD;ISSR的标记指数(1.28)是RAPD(0.20)的6.4倍,表明ISSR具有较高的标记效率。Mantel检测表明,ISSR+RAPD标记与ISSR标记的结果显著相关(P<0.05)。综合分析表明白刺花用ISSR标记可检测出更高的多态性,更能准确反映白刺花材料间的遗传关系。  相似文献   

8.
分子标记是生物系统进化和亲缘关系分析的重要手段。利用RAPD和SSR标记对12个家蚕实用品种的基因组DNA进行多态性分析和聚类分析。采用21条RAPD引物对12个品种的基因组DNA扩增产生的清晰稳定条带数为196条,其中多态性片段143条,多态位点比例72.96%,品种间的遗传距离在0.157～0.352之间。采用32条SSR引物对12个品种的基因组DNA扩增产生的片段数为86条,其中多态性带80条,多态性位点比例93.02%,遗传距离在0.214～0.600之间。对12个家蚕品种的2种分子标记的单独聚类结果表现出一定差异,但均把12个品种分为中系、日系两大类,其中7532和湘晖、871和57B的亲缘关系较近,而传统分类于中系品种东34却聚类于日系,但又独立于其余6个日系品种。结合RAPD标记和SSR标记的12个品种间的遗传距离与聚类结果,更能准确地从分子水平上反映品种间的亲缘关系及其来源,是家蚕杂交育种亲本选择的依据。  相似文献   

9.
用4个多花黑麦草品种进行株高性状相关的RAPD标记分析。结果表明:用基因组DNA作为RAPD检测多花黑麦草株高性状位点的方法是可行的。从110条引物中筛选出23条引物对4个多花黑麦草品种的基因组DNA进行扩增,共扩增出174条带,其中166条带为多态性带,标记率为95.4%;检测出4个多花黑麦草品种基因组DNA的6个株高性状的标记(分布在5条引物中)。  相似文献   

10.
杨宁  陈锡莲  高新彦  史万斌  刘效瑞 《草业科学》2012,29(12):1883-1886
采用RAPD分子标记技术,分析了新选育党参（Codonopsis pilosula）8个品系和2个主栽品种的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。结果显示,14条引物共扩增出159个位点,其中多态位点26个,多态性位点比率为46.43%,材料间遗传相似系数范围在0.771 9～0.964 9,说明甘肃省主栽党参品种资源具有较丰富的遗传多样性。根据聚类分析结果,党参品种DS6与所有其他供试材料的亲缘关系最远,可单独聚为一类;DS3与DS8的亲缘关系最近,其相似系数为0.964 9。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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