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1.
Background: Cancer is considered a cause of type B hyperlactatemia in dogs. However, studies evaluating cancer as a cause of clinically relevant type B hyperlactatemia (>2.5 mmol/L) are lacking. Cancer cells have a higher lactate production because of increased aerobic glycolysis, known as the “Warburg effect.” The mechanisms through which aerobic glycolysis occurs are not well elucidated, but neoplasia may cause type B hyperlactatemia via this process. Objectives: To determine if malignant tumors of dogs are associated with clinically relevant type B hyperlactatemia (>2.5 mmol/L). Animals: Thirty‐seven client‐owned dogs with malignant tumors: 22 with hematopoietic and 15 with solid tumors. Methods: Histology was used to confirm the diagnosis (cytology was considered adequate for diagnosis of lymphoma). Confounding conditions associated with hyperlactatemia were excluded. Lactate measurements were immediately performed on free‐flow jugular whole blood samples using the LactatePro analyzer. Results: All dogs had lactate concentrations <2.5 mmol/L. Mean blood lactate concentration was 1.09 mmol/L. Mean blood lactate concentrations for solid and hematopoietic tumors were 0.95 and 1.19 mmol/L, respectively. Dogs with lymphoma (n = 18) had a mean blood lactate concentration of 1.15 mmol/L. Conclusions: Malignant tumors were not considered a cause of clinically relevant type B hyperlactatemia. Therefore, cancer‐related type B hyperlactatemia in dogs is uncommon, and hyperlactatemia should prompt careful investigation for causes other than cancer.  相似文献   

2.
Background: Glucocorticoids affect carbohydrate and lactate metabolism.
Hypothesis: Administration of prednisone to healthy dogs will result in clinically relevant hyperlactatemia.
Animals: Twelve healthy adult Beagle dogs.
Methods: Prospective, controlled experimental study. Twelve healthy adult Beagles were divided into 2 groups (3 of each sex per group). One group served as control. The other group received 2 treatments: low, 1 mg/kg prednisone PO q24h for 2 weeks; high, 4 mg/kg prednisone PO q24h for 2 weeks. A washout period of 6 weeks separated the treatments. Blood samples were drawn for whole blood lactate measurement on day (D) 0, D4, and D14 and measured in duplicate.
Results: Compared with the control group, low and high groups had significantly higher blood lactate concentrations at D4 and D14. There was no difference at D0. There was no effect of time within the control group. In the low and high groups, blood lactate concentration was increased at D4 and D14 versus D0. Blood lactate concentration was greater in the high group than the low group at D14 only.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Dogs treated with prednisone experience statistically significant increases in blood lactate concentrations, which can result in type B hyperlactatemia. In such cases, improving tissue perfusion, treatment for the commonest form of hyperlactatemia (type A) would be unnecessary.  相似文献   

3.
Background: Sequential lactate concentration ([LAC]) measurements have prognostic value in that hospitalized humans and neonatal foals that have a delayed return to normolactatemia have greater morbidity and case fatality rate.
Hypothesis: Prognosis for survival is decreased in horses with a delayed return to normal [LAC].
Animals: Two hundred and fifty adult horses presented for emergency evaluation excepting horses evaluated because of only ophthalmologic conditions, superficial wounds, and septic synovitis without systemic involvement.
Methods: Prospective observational study. [LAC] was measured at admission and then at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after admission. The change in [LAC] over time ([LAC]Δ T ) was calculated from changes in [LAC] between sampling points.
Results: Median [LAC] was significantly ( P < .001) higher at admission in nonsurvivors (4.10 mmol/L [range, 0.60–18.20 mmol/L]) when compared with survivors (1.30 mmol/L [range, 0.30–13.90 mmol/L]) and this difference remained at all subsequent time points. The odds ratio for nonsurvival increased from 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.17–1.43) at admission to 49.90 (6.47–384) at 72 hours after admission for every 1 mmol/L increase in [LAC]. [LAC]Δ T was initially positive in all horses but became negative and significantly lower in nonsurvivors for the time periods between 24–72 hours (− 0.47, P = .001) and 48–72 hours (− 0.07, P = .032) when compared with survivors (0.00 at both time periods) consistent with lactate accumulation in nonsurvivors.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results indicate that lactate metabolism is impaired in critically ill horses and [LAC]Δ T can be a useful prognostic indicator in horses.  相似文献   

4.
Objective: To describe the indications, clinical features, outcomes and complications associated with use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in 17 client-owned dogs and 16 client-owned cats with acute or acute-on-chronic renal failure refractory to aggressive medical management.
Series summary: Twenty-nine percent of dogs and 44% of cats had evidence of pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Median duration of CRRT was 16.3 hours (range 0.3–83.0 hours) in dogs and 11.5 hours (range 1.0–35.5 hours) in cats. Median canine blood urea nitrogen (BUN) improved from 41.0 mmol/L (115.0 mg/dL) to 11.8 mmol/L (33.0 mg/dL) and creatinine from 636.5 mmol/L (7.2 mg/dL) to 274 mmol/L (3.1 mg/dL). Median feline BUN improved from 46.4 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) to 13.9 mmol/L (39.0 mg/dL) and creatinine from 1069.6 mmol/L (12.1 mg/dL) to 291.7 mmol/L (3.3 mg/dL). Metabolic acidosis resolved in 80% of affected dogs and 71% of affected cats. Hyperkalemia resolved in 100% of affected dogs and 88% of affected cats. Complications noted with CRRT included iatrogenic hypokalemia, iatrogenic metabolic alkalosis, clinical hypocalcemia, total hypercalcemia, filter clotting, anemia, hypothermia, and neurologic complications. Forty-one percent of dogs and 44% of cats survived to discharge. No dogs and only 1 cat developed newly diagnosed CKD.
New or unique information provided: CRRT can be a viable option for the management of acute or acute-on-chronic renal failure in dogs and cats that are refractory to aggressive medical management. The frequency of complications associated with CRRT in this study warrants further experience with this modality before its widespread use can be recommended.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To measure 15F(2t) isoprostane concentrations in the urine of dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE) and dogs undergoing surgery because of intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) and to assess relationships between urinary concentrations of 15F(2t) isoprostanes and neurologic score in dogs with IVDD. ANIMALS: 11 dogs undergoing OHE and 32 dogs with IVDD undergoing hemilaminectomy. PROCEDURES: Paired urine samples were obtained at induction of anesthesia and approximately 1 hour after OHE (controls) and were collected from dogs with IVDD at induction of anesthesia (28 samples) and approximately 1 hour after hemilaminectomy (31 samples); 26 paired urine samples were obtained from dogs with IVDD. Urinary isoprostane concentrations were measured by use of a commercial ELISA, and results were adjusted on the basis of urinary creatinine concentrations. Differences in the mean isoprostane-to-creatinine ratio were analyzed. Neurologic score was determined in dogs with IVDD by use of the modified Frankel scoring system. RESULTS: Urinary isoprostane-to-creatinine ratios were significantly higher in dogs with IVDD than in control dogs before and after surgery. There was no significant difference between values before and after surgery for either group. There was a significant correlation of neurologic score and urinary isoprostane-to-creatinine ratio because dogs that had higher neurologic scores (ie, less severely affected) generally had higher isoprostane-to-creatinine ratios. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Urinary isoprostane-to-creatinine ratios were higher in dogs with IVDD before and after surgery. Analysis of these data suggests that dogs with IVDD are in a state of oxidative stress and that preemptive treatment with antioxidants warrants further investigation.  相似文献   

6.
Objective – To establish the efficacy of Oxyglobin (HB-200) in canine babesiosis and compare it to standard therapy, packed red blood cell transfusion (pRBCT) with respect to improvements in specific parameters of blood gas, acid-base, blood pressure, and subjective evaluations.
Design – Prospective, randomized, clinical trial.
Setting – Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital.
Animals – Twelve dogs (8–25 kg) naturally infected with Babesia rossi and a hematocrit of 0.1–0.2 L/L (10–20%).
Interventions – Treatment groups were randomized to receive either 20 mL/kg of Oxyglobin or pRBCT over 4 hours via a central venous catheter. Transfusions were followed by lactated Ringer's solution infusion. Rectal temperature, femoral arterial and mixed venous blood sampling, oscillometric blood pressure, and subjective assessment of patient status (habitus), and appetite were performed at time points 0, 1, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours.
Main Results – Dogs presented with a hypoalbuminemic alkalosis; hyperchloremic, dilutional acidosis; normotensive tachycardia; pyrexia; depression; and anorexia. Both treatments produced similar results, with the exception of significant differences in pH (4 h); PCO2 (4 h); hemoglobin (8 h, 24 h); mean arterial pressure (48 h); albumin (4 h, 8 h); habitus (8 h, 48 h); and appetite (24 h). Arterial O2 content was higher for pRBCT than Oxyglobin at 72 hours, but central venous PO2 did not differ between groups or over time and was consistently subnormal.
Conclusions – Oxyglobin provides similar overall improvements to pRBCT in dogs with anemia from babesiosis, with respect to blood gas, acid-base and blood pressure, although patients receiving packed cells tended to have more rapid normalization of habitus and appetite.  相似文献   

7.
Background: A liquid solution of levothyroxine (L-T4) is available for treatment of canine hypothyroidism.
Hypothesis: Once daily oral administration of a liquid L-T4 solution is effective and safe for controlling hypothyroidism in dogs.
Animals: Thirty-five dogs with naturally occurring hypothyroidism.
Methods: Dogs received L-T4 solution PO once daily at a starting dosage of 20 μg/kg body weight (BW). The dose was adjusted every 4 weeks, based on clinical signs and peak serum total T4 (tT4) concentrations. Target peak serum tT4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations, 4–6 hours posttreatment, were 35–95 nmol/L and < 0.68 ng/mL, respectively. Dogs were followed for up to 22 weeks after establishment of the maintenance dose.
Results: Clinical signs of hypothyroidism improved or resolved in 91% of dogs after 4 weeks of L-T4 treatment at 20 μg/kg once daily. The maintenance dose was established in 76, 94, and 100% of dogs after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, respectively. This was 20 μg L-T4/kg BW for 79% of the dogs, 30 μg/kg BW for 15%, and 10–15 μg/kg BW in the remaining 6%, once daily. Thereafter, median peak tT4 and TSH concentrations were 51 nmol/L and 0.18 ng/mL, respectively, and remained stable during the 22-week follow-up; clinical signs did not recur.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: All of the hypothyroid dogs had rapid clinical and hormonal responses to supplementation with the PO-administered L-T4 solution. The starting dosage of 20 μg L-T4/kg BW once daily was suitable for 79% of dogs.  相似文献   

8.
Objectives— To determine the relationship between plasma lactate concentration and colonic viability and survival in horses with ≥360° volvulus of the ascending colon.
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Horses (n=73) with ≥360° volvulus of the ascending colon.
Methods— Medical records (January 2000–November 2005) of all horses examined for colic at Michigan State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were reviewed. Horses were included only if plasma lactate concentration was measured preoperatively and a diagnosis of ≥360° volvulus of the ascending colon was confirmed by surgery or necropsy. Non-survivors were only included if the ascending colon was evaluated histopathologically. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the relationship between lactate, colonic viability, and survival.
Results— Of 73 horses, 61 were discharged. Mean (±SD) plasma lactate concentration was significantly lower in survivors (2.98±2.53 mmol/L) compared with non-survivors (9.48±5.22 mmol/L; odds ratio [OR]=1.628, 95% confidence limit [CI]=1.259–2.105). Plasma lactate concentration was significantly lower in horses with a viable colon (3.30±2.85 mmol/L) compared with horses with a non-viable colon (9.1±6.09 mmol/L; OR=1.472, 95% CI=1.173–1.846). Plasma lactate concentration <6.0 mmol/L had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity 83% for predicting horse survival.
Conclusions— Our results demonstrate a strong association between plasma lactate concentration at the time of hospital admission and outcome in horses with ≥360° volvulus of the ascending colon.
Clinical Relevance— Plasma lactate concentration may help predict colonic viability and horse survival after ascending colon volvulus in horses.  相似文献   

9.
Reasons for Performing Study: Critical illness is associated with hyperglycemia in humans, and a greater degree and duration of hyperglycemia is associated with nonsurvival. Hypoglycemia is also seen in critically ill humans, and is associated with nonsurvival. This might also be true in the critically ill foal.
Objectives: To investigate the association of blood glucose concentrations with survival, sepsis, and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).
Methods: Blood glucose concentrations at admission (515 foals) and 24 hours (159 foals), 36 hours (95), 48 hours (82), and 60 hours (45) after admission were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association of glucose concentrations with survival, sepsis, a positive blood culture, or SIRS.
Results: 29.1% of foals had blood glucose concentrations within the reference range (76–131 mg/dL) at admission, 36.5% were hyperglycemic, and 34.4% were hypoglycaemic. Foals that did not survive to hospital discharge had lower mean blood glucose concentrations at admission, as well as higher maximum and lower minimum blood glucose concentrations in the 1st 24 hours of hospitalization, and higher blood glucose at 24 and 36 hours. Foals with blood glucose concentrations <2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) or >10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) at admission were less likely to survive. Hypoglycemia at admission was associated with sepsis, a positive blood culture, and SIRS.
Conclusions and Potential Relevance: Derangements of blood glucose concentration are common in critically ill foals. Controlling blood glucose concentrations may therefore be beneficial in the critically ill neonatal foal, and this warrants further investigation.  相似文献   

10.
Background: Measurement of concentrations of acute-phase proteins (APPs) is used as an aid in the diagnosis of a variety of diseases in animals.
Objective: To determine the concentration of APPs in dogs with steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) and other neurologic diseases.
Animals: One hundred and thirty-three dogs with neurologic diseases, 6 dogs with sepsis, and 8 healthy dogs were included in the study. Thirty-six dogs had SRMA (31 of which had monitoring), 14 dogs had other meningoencephalitides (ME), 32 had disk disease (IVDD/DLSS), 26 had tumors affecting the central nervous system (TCNS), and 25 had idiopathic epilepsy (IE).
Methods: Prospective, observational study: C-reactive protein (CRP), α2-macroglobulin (AMG), and albumin concentrations were determined in the serum or plasma. CRP was also measured in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Results: Serum CRP was significantly higher in dogs with SRMA (     = 142 μg/mL ± 75) and sepsis (     = 114 μg/mL ± 67) in comparison with dogs with other neurologic diseases (     = 2.3–21 μg/mL; P < .001). There was no significant difference detected in AMG between groups. Serum albumin concentration was significantly lower ( P < .01) in dogs with SRMA (     = 3.2 g/dL ± 0.41) than in other groups (     = 3.6–3.9 g/dL). Serum CRP concentration of SRMA dogs correlated with alkaline phosphatase levels ( r = 0.515, P = .003).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: CRP concentrations in serum are useful in diagnosis of dogs with SRMA. Serum CRP could be used as a monitoring parameter in treatment management of these dogs.  相似文献   

11.
Background: Thyroid hormone concentrations were found to be different in Greyhounds and Whippets compared with nonsight hound dogs.
Hypothesis: In Sloughis, thyroid hormone concentration is lower than in nonsight hounds and comparable to Greyhounds.
Animals: Fifty-one Sloughis with no evidence of disease and a mean age of 4 years (range, 1–12 years).
Methods: Thyroid profiles consisting of total thyroxine (tT4), free thyroxine (fT4), free thyroxine after equilibrium dialysis (fT4 after ED), canine thyroid stimulation hormone (cTSH), and thyroglobulin antibodies as well as CBC and serum biochemistry results of Sloughis were compared with those of normal dogs. In 8 Sloughis, TSH stimulation tests were performed.
Results: In Sloughis, tT4 concentrations and fT4 concentrations measured by chemiluminescence were lower than those of controls (1.13 ± 0.65 μg/dL compared with 2.9 ± 0.8 μg/dL, P < .0001 and 11 ± 4.3 pmol/L compared with 16.7 ± 5.2 pmol/L, P < .0001, respectively). Concentrations of fT4 after ED and TSH were increased in Sloughis, when compared with controls (41.3 ± 26.9 pmol/L compared with 20.98 ± 10.29 pmol/L, P < .0001 and 0.22 ± 0.15 pmol/L compared with 0.15 ± 0.13 pmol/L, P = .0138, respectively). T4 concentration after TSH stimulation increased from 1.5 μg/dL (range, 0.2–2.7 μg/dL) to 2.7 μg/dL (range, 1.2–4.7 μg/dL); the recommended post-TSH T4 concentration was achieved by only 3 of 8 Sloughis. Hemoconcentration was found in 84.3% and hypoglobulinemia in 80.3%.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: When evaluating Sloughis for hypothyroidism, veterinarians should be aware that these dogs have different thyroid hormone concentrations than nonsight hound dogs.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analytical agreement between blood lactate concentrations determined by use of an enzymatic-amperometric bedside system in capillary blood samples from the pinna and in jugular venous blood samples from dogs. ANIMALS: 53 dogs. PROCEDURES: For each dog, venous and capillary blood samples were obtained from a jugular vein and from the ear pinna (by use of a lancing device), respectively, following a randomized sequence of collection. Lactate concentrations in both types of samples were analyzed by use of an enzymatic-amperometric bedside system intended for lactate detection in capillary blood samples from humans that was previously validated in dogs. The Passing-Bablock regression analysis was used to compare venous and capillary blood lactate concentrations; the level of agreement was calculated by use of the Bland-Altman method. RESULTS: Jugular venous blood samples were collected without difficulty from all 53 dogs. A capillary blood sample was obtained from only 47 dogs. The correlation coefficient between lactate concentrations measured in venous and capillary blood samples was 0.58 (slope, 2.0 [95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 3.0]; intercept, -1.2 [95% confidence interval, -3.1 to 0.4]). The mean difference between methods was 0.72 mmol/L (95% confidence interval, 0.38 to 1.06) with limits of agreement of -1.55 to 2.99 mmol/L. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Because of the lack of agreement between lactate concentrations determined in capillary and jugular venous blood samples, measurement of capillary blood lactate concentration in dogs performed with the technique used in the study does not appear to be a reliable alternative to jugular venous blood measurements.  相似文献   

13.
Background: Intravenous administration of human immunoglobulin G (hIVIgG) has been suggested to potentiate thromboembolism in dogs, but supportive scientific reports are lacking.
Objectives: To determine if hIVIgG therapy promotes hypercoagulability and inflammation in dogs.
Animals: Twelve healthy Beagle dogs.
Methods: Prospective, experimental trial. An hIVIgG/saline solution was infused IV at 1 g/kg BW over 8 hours to 6 dogs, and physiological saline was infused to the other 6 dogs. Blood samples were drawn before, during, and after infusion for serial measurement of indicators of coagulation and inflammation. Data were analyzed by 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results: Dogs administered hIVIgG developed mildly decreased blood platelet concentrations without thrombocytopenia (median, 200 × 103/μL; range, 150–302 × 103/μL; P < .01), leukopenia (median, 3.5 × 103/μL; range, 20–62 × 103/μL; P < .001), and mildly increased plasma total protein concentrations (median, 6.3 g/dL; range, 5.6–6.7 g/dL; P < .001). Administration of hIVIgG was also associated with increases in fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in all dogs (either 5 μg/mL or 10 μg/dL), thrombin-antithrombin III complexes (median, 7.2 ng/mL; range, 4.9–14.2 ng/mL; P < .001), and C-reactive protein concentrations (median, 2.5 mg/dL; range, 0.5–4.3 mg/dL; P < .01).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Administration of hIVIgG to dogs promotes hypercoagulability and an inflammatory state. This should be further evaluated and considered when using hIVIgG in dogs with IMHA or other prothrombotic conditions.  相似文献   

14.
Background: Ehrlichiosis is a multisystemic disease with the potential to cause cardiomyocyte injury in naturally infected dogs.
Hypothesis: Myocardial injury occurs in dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis .
Animals: One-hundred and ninety-four dogs from Brazil with clinical and laboratory abnormalities indicative of ehrlichiosis. Sixteen healthy dogs served as controls.
Methods: Electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, noninvasive blood pressure measurement, and serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations were evaluated. Serologic assays and PCR determined the exposure and infection status for E. canis, Anaplasma spp., Babesia canis vogeli, Bartonella spp., Borrelia burgdorferi, Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, Leishmania chagasi , and spotted-fever group Rickettsia . Dogs were assigned to groups according to PCR status: E. canis infected, infected with other vector-borne organisms, sick dogs lacking PCR evidence for infection, and healthy controls.
Results: E. canis -infected dogs had higher serum cTnI concentrations than controls (median: 0.04 ng/dL; range 0.04–9.12 ng/dL; control median: 0.04 ng/dL; range: 0.04–0.10 ng/dL; P = .012), and acute E. canis infection was associated with myocardial injury (odds ratio [OR]: 2.67, confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1.12–6.40, P = .027). Severity of anemia was correlated with increased risk of cardiomyocyte damage ( r = 0.84, P < .001). Dogs with clinical signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were at higher risk for myocardial injury than were other sick dogs (OR: 2.55, CI 95%: 1.31–4.95, P = .005).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Acute infection with E. canis is a risk factor for myocardial injury in naturally infected Brazilian dogs. Severity of anemia and SIRS might contribute to the pathophysiology of myocardial damage.  相似文献   

15.
Objective – To determine the association of blood lactate with outcome and response to transfusion therapy in dogs with idiopathic immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). Design – Retrospective study. Setting – Urban veterinary small animal emergency hospital. Animals – One hundred and seventy‐three client‐owned dogs with IMHA. Interventions – None. Measurements and Main Results – Serial blood lactate concentration, therapeutic interventions, and outcome were recorded. Nonsurvivors were defined as those that died or were euthanized. One hundred and thirty‐three dogs (77%) survived, 35 (20%) were euthanized, and 5 (3%) died. One hundred forty‐five dogs (84%; 145/173) had a lactate concentration above the laboratory reference interval [0.46–2.31 mmol/L] on presentation. Blood lactate at presentation was higher in the nonsurvivors (median 4.8 mmol/L; 0.5–13.6) compared with survivors (median 2.9 mmol/L; 0.3–13.2) (P<0.01). All dogs presenting with hyperlactatemia that normalized (<2.0 mmol/L) within 6 hours of admission survived, whereas, 71% of dogs that had a persistent hyperlactatemia at 6 hours survived (P=0.034). Lactate was positively correlated with age, BUN, and alkaline phosphatase, and inversely correlated with PCV. Receiver operating curve analysis for lactate concentration at admission as a test for outcome had an area under the curve of 0.69 with an optimal lactate cutoff concentration of 4.4 mmol/L correctly predicting outcome 73% of the time (sensitivity 60%, specificity 77%). Conclusions – Lactate concentration at presentation was significantly higher in nonsurvivors than survivors. Lactate was significantly correlated with previously reported outcome variables but lactate concentration at admission, as a predictor for outcome was less than optimal. However, serial lactate concentration measurements may be more predictive as patients with persistent hyperlactatemia 6 hours after admission were less likely to survive. Prospective studies evaluating serial lactate concentration while controlling for other variables may provide further insight into lactate measurement as a prognostic indicator in animals with IMHA.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To document changes in glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in dogs with severe or complicated babesiosis; assess relationships among glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in those dogs; and compare clinical and laboratory variables in dogs with and without hypoglycemia and hyperlactatemia. ANIMALS: 20 dogs with naturally developing severe or complicated babesiosis. PROCEDURE: Samples and measurements were obtained before treatment was initiated. Babesiosis was diagnosed by examination of blood smears. Arterial blood pressure measurement, parasite quantification, CBC count, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, venous blood gas analysis, and acid-base determination were performed. Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations were measured in samples of venous blood. RESULTS: We detected a significant negative correlation between glucose and lactate concentrations. Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations all differed significantly between dogs that died and those that survived. Three of 5 dogs that died had concurrent hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, and hyperpyruvatemia. Hypoglycemic dogs differed significantly from normoglycemic dogs with regard to lactate, urea, and bicarbonate concentrations; lactate-to-pyruvate ratio; percentage parasitemia; and PCO2. Dogs with hyperlactatemia differed significantly from normolactatemic dogs with regard to clinical collapse; alanine transaminase activity; concentrations of bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and bicarbonate; percentage parasitemia; and PCO2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism is commonly evident in dogs with severe or complicated babesiosis and is often associated with changes in other clinical and laboratory variables. Significant differences were found between survivors and nonsurvivors. Hypoglycemia should be assessed and aggressively treated in dogs with babesiosis. Lactate concentration can be used as an indicator of disease severity.  相似文献   

17.
Background: Increased serotonin (5HT) signaling has been implicated in valvular disease of humans and animals, including canine degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). High circulating 5HT concentration is a potential source of increased signaling, and serum 5HT concentrations have not been previously reported in dogs with DMVD.
Hypothesis: Dogs with DMVD and small breed dogs predisposed to DMVD have higher serum 5HT concentrations than large breed controls.
Animals: Fifty dogs affected with DMVD, 34 dogs predisposed to DMVD but without cardiac murmur or echocardiographic evidence of DMVD, and 36 healthy large breed control dogs.
Methods: Prospective analysis. Serum 5HT concentration was measured by an ELISA test.
Results: Median serum 5HT concentration was significantly higher in dogs with DMVD and in dogs predisposed to DMVD as compared with controls (DMVD, 765.5 ng/mL [interquartile range, 561.3–944.4]; predisposed, 774.9 ng/mL [528.3–1,026]; control, 509.8 ng/mL [320.8–708.8]; P = .0001). Subgroup analysis of predisposed dogs indicated significantly higher serum 5HT concentrations in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) dogs than in other breeds (CKCS, 855.0 ng/mL [635.8–1,088]; non-CKCS, 554.2 ng/mL [380.6–648.4]; P = .0023). Age, platelet count, and platelet morphology were not correlated with 5HT concentration in any group.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Dogs with DMVD had significantly higher serum 5HT concentrations when compared with large breed control dogs. Healthy CKCS dogs had significantly higher serum 5HT concentrations than other healthy dogs predisposed to DMVD. Additional investigation into a possible role of 5HT in the pathogenesis of DMVD is warranted.  相似文献   

18.
The objectives of this study were to establish a reference interval for canine cerebrospinal fluid lactate (CSFL) and to compare CSFL and plasma lactate (PL) concentrations in anesthetized dogs with and without intracranial disease. Using a prospective study, canine blood and cerebrospinal fluid were collected for lactate analysis in 11 dogs with intracranial disease after undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Group ID-MRI), in 10 healthy dogs post-MRI (Group H-MRI), and in 39 healthy dogs after induction of anesthesia (Group H-Sx). Dogs were anesthetized for the procedures using different anesthetic protocols. Neurological scores (NS) and sedation scores (SS) were assessed pre-anesthesia in ID-MRI dogs. The CSFL reference interval [90% confidence interval (CI) for lower and upper limits] was 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) to 2.0 (2.0 to 2.1) mmol/L. Mean ± SD CSFL concentrations were: ID-MRI, 2.1 ± 0.8; H-MRI, 1.6 ± 0.4; and H-Sx, 1.6 ± 0.2 mmol/L. There was a tendency for higher CSFL in dogs in the ID-MRI group than in those in the H-MRI or H-Sx groups (P = 0.12). There was agreement between CSFL and PL in ID-MRI dogs (P = 0.007), but not in dogs in H-MRI (P = 0.5) or H-Sx (P = 0.2). Of the ID-MRI dogs, those with worse NS had higher CSFL (r2 = 0.44). The correlation between CSFL and PL in dogs with intracranial disease and between worse NS and higher CSFL warrants further investigation into the use of CSFL and PL for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.  相似文献   

19.
Background: Pimobendan is a positive inotrope and vasodilator that may be useful in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease.
Hypothesis: Pimobendan decreases the severity of PHT measured echocardiographically and improves quality-of-life scores. Changes in N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations will reflect improvement in severity of PHT.
Animals: Ten client-owned dogs with peak tricuspid regurgitant flow velocity (TRFV) ≥3.5 m/s.
Methods: Prospective short-term, double-blinded, crossover design, with a long-term, open-label component. Short term, dogs were randomly allocated to receive either placebo or pimobendan (0.18–0.3 mg/kg PO q12 h) for 14 days. After a 1-week washout, they received the alternative treatment for 14 days, followed by pimobendan open-label for 8 weeks.
Results: Short-term comparison: peak TRFV decreased in all dogs on pimobendan compared with placebo from a median of 4.40 (range, 3.2–5.6) to 3.75 (range, 2.4–4.8) m/s ( P < .0001). NT-proBNP concentration decreased after treatment with pimobendan from a median of 2,143 (range, 450–3,981) to 1,329 (range, 123–2,411) pmol/L ( P = .0009). All dogs improved their quality-of-life score ( P = .006). In the long-term comparisons, peak TRFV decreased in all dogs from a median of 4.28 (range, 3.5–5.7) to 3.52 (range, 2.4–5.0) m/s ( P < .0001). No significant changes in NT-proBNP or quality-of-life scores were detected.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Pimobendan lowered severity of measurable PHT, improved quality-of-life scores, and decreased NT-proBNP concentrations short-term. Long term, only the reduction in TRFV was maintained.  相似文献   

20.
BACKGROUND: Lactate concentrations are increasingly quantified in dogs using point-of-care instruments, but often without canine-specific method evaluation and instrument-specific reference intervals. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the precision of the Accutrend (Roche Diagnostics) for lactate determination in dogs, 2) determine the accuracy of the Accutrend using the Rapidlab 865 (Bayer Diagnostics) as the reference method, and 3) establish and compare reference intervals for lactate concentration in clinically healthy dogs for both instruments. METHODS: Precision was evaluated using low and high control materials, and variable (1 drop) and fixed (25 microL) sample volumes. Accuracy was determined by comparing lactate concentrations obtained with the Accutrend with those from the Rapidlab 865 in 273 heparinized canine jugular venous blood samples from 100 clinically healthy dogs and 107 systemically ill dogs (173 samples). Lactate reference intervals were established for both analyzers using data from the 100 clinically healthy dogs. RESULTS: The precision of the Accutrend was good (coefficients of variation, < or = 5.3%) for 25-microL samples but not when a drop was used. Lactate concentrations obtained on the Accutrend correlated poorly with those from the Rapidlab 865 (r = 0.864, mean bias = 0.66 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57-0.76 with 95% limits of agreement = -0.87 (lower limit, 95% CI = -1.03 to -0.71) and 2.20 (upper limit, 95% CI = 2.04 to 2.36). The reference interval for canine lactate concentration on the Accutrend was 1.2-3.1 mmol/L compared with 0.46-2.31 mmol/L on the Rapidlab. CONCLUSION: Although precision was good with fixed sample volumes, blood lactate concentrations obtained on the Accutrend were significantly different than those on the Rapidlab 865, with systematic and random errors resulting in a positive bias. Further evaluation of the Accutrend is required before its use in dogs can be recommended.  相似文献   

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