共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Optimization of culture conditions for improved plant regeneration efficiency from wheat microspore culture 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The production of haploid plants through microspore culture is a very important tool for plant breeding. However, progress in microspore culture for many species has been hampered by a number of factors that have resulted in low recovery of regenerated green plants. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to increase the regeneration of haploid green plants from isolated wheat microspores. The use of different basal media and variations in media components resulted in the increased recovery (approximately double) of regenerated haploid wheat plants. Our findings demonstrate that CHB medium, in combination with 2,4-d, was a better medium for embryoids induction and plant regeneration than medium MC17 with either 2,4-d or PAA growth hormones. Wheat microspores cultured without ovary co-cultivation did not respond. Furthermore, high efficiency of microspore derived embryoids (up to 296 MDEs per 100 anthers) and green plant regeneration (up to 71 green plants per 100 anthers) were achieved by the use of gelrite instead of agarose as a gelling agent, and by the addition of media additives such as spent medium or MET. 相似文献
2.
二倍体、四倍体小麦成熟胚组织培养研究初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以栽培二粒小麦(Triticum dicoccum Schuble)、硬粒小麦(Triticum durum Desf.)以及普通六倍体小麦祖先种野生二粒小麦(Triticum dicoccoides Kom.)、野生一粒小麦(Triticum aegilopides Bal.)4个基因型麦属植物成熟胚(MEs)为外植体,对成熟胚愈伤组织诱导、分化及植株再生的组织培养效果做了初步研究,筛选出适合于非六倍体小麦成熟胚组织培养的基因型.结果表明,不同基因型成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导、分化及植株再生差异显著,具有很强的基因型效应和基因型依赖性.其中栽培二粒小麦的成熟胚表现出较好的组织培养特性,它的愈伤组织诱导率、分化率、成苗率以及组培效率分别为95.00%、90.00%、32.40%、27.70%,显著高于其它基因型.二倍体、四倍体小麦成熟胚组织培养特性的研究以及组织培养基因型的筛选,为遗传转化体系的建立、小麦功能基因的分离和克隆,以及小麦分子育种工作奠定了基础. 相似文献
3.
Anther and isolated microspore culture response of wheat lines from northwestern and eastern Europe 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hexaploid wheat genotypes from north-western Europe show low responses to current anther culture techniques. This phenomenon was investigated on 145 north-western European wheat lines. Twenty-seven lines from eastern Europe were included to observe the response pattern of wheat from an area, where the technique has been used successfully. On average, eastern European wheat lines produced 3.6 green plants per 111 anthers, while only 1.4 green plants per 111 anthers were obtained in north-western European lines. This difference was due to the high capacity for embryo formation among the eastern European lines, while the ability to regenerate green plants was widespread in both germplasm groups. Isolated wheat microspore culture performed on 85 of these wheat lines gave an average 3.7-fold increase in green plants per anther compared with the anther culture response. The increased recovery of green plants was due to improved plant regeneration and increased green plant percentage from embryos derived from isolated microspore culture. 相似文献
4.
In vitro chromosome doubling with colchicine during microspore culture in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Isolated microspores of two DH lines of wheat were treated with 8 different colchicine concentrations up to 3 mM for either
24 h or 48 h during microspore culture. Untreated control cultures produced on average 220 embryos per spike (100,000 microspores),
68% of the regenerated plantlets were green, and 15% of the flowering plants were fertile. The colchicine treatments had a
significant effect on chromosome doubling as measured by the percentage of fertile regenerants. Using colchicine concentrations
around 1 mM the percentage of fertile plants among the regenerants was increased up to 53%. The highest number of embryos
and regeneration rates were observed after 24 h colchicine treatment, while the highest frequencies of green plants and fertile
plants were obtained with 48 h colchicine treatments. The highest number of DH plants per spike was found after treatment
with colchicine concentrations of 300 to 1000 μM. Such treatments resulted in an estimated average between the two genotypes
of 23 doubled haploid plants per spike.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Efficient Production of Doubled Haploid Plants through Chromosome Doubling of Isolated Microspores in Brassica napus 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Three methods of chromosome doubling to produce doubled haploid plants from microspore cultures of Brassica napus were compared: colchicine treatment of microspore-derived plants, microspore-derived embryos, and isolated microspores. In the whole plant treatment, 53% of the treated plants set seed, but the treatment delayed plant growth and reduced seed set. When microspore-derived embryos were treated with colchicine, the doubling frequency was 32% (compared to 15% for spontaneous doubling). Direct colchicine treatment of isolated microspores resulted in a doubling efficiency of 70 % of the whole plants. This treatment also stimulated embryogenesis in microspore culture, leading to increased plant regeneration. Thus, direct chromosome doubling of isolated microspores is efficient and more than 10 000 doubled haploid plants have been produced in this manner in the past three years in order to accelerate the plant-breeding process. 相似文献
6.
Callus induction and plant regeneration from immature and mature embryos of winter durum wheat genotypes 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Seven genotypes of winter durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were cultured to establish an efficient method of callus formation and plant regeneration from mature embryo culture, and to compare the responses of immature and mature embryo cultures. Immature embryos were aseptically dissected from seeds and placed, with the scutellum upwards, in dishes containing Murashige and Skoog's (MS) mineral salts and 2mg 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) per litre. Calli and regenerated plants were maintained on 2,4-D-free medium. Mature embryos were moved slightly on the imbibed seeds. For callus formation, the seeds with moved embryos were placed, furrow downwards, in dishes containing 8 mg 2,4-D per litre. The developed calli and regenerated plants were maintained on the MS medium. Plants regenerated from both embryo cultures were vernalized and grown to maturity in soil. Variability was observed among the wheat genotypes tested for various culture responses in both explant cultures. Callus induction rate and regeneration capacity of callus were independent of each other. Mature embryos have a low frequency of callus induction but a high regeneration capacity. Considering availability, rapidity and reliability, this form of mature embryo culture can be used as an alternative method for immature embryo culture. 相似文献
7.
摘 要: 采用略加修改的NLN培养基（无机大量元素1/2）和甘蓝型油菜小孢子的胚状体诱导方法,培养了5个中国菜用小白菜品种和1个中国大白菜品种的小孢子,进行了双单倍体的诱导。结果表明,不同品种的小孢子产胚量差异很大,在接种的6个基因型中,有5个诱导出胚,诱导成功率83.33％ 。其中的中萁青抗热605产胚量最高,是8.676个胚／10蕾。这些胚在添加了NAA和PP333（多效唑）的B5培养基发育成健壮的小植株。关于6个基因型的小孢子胚胎发生能力,还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
8.
J. De Buyser S. Hachemi-Rachedi M.-L. Lemee S. Sejourne J.-L. Marcotte Y. Henry 《Plant Breeding》1992,109(4):339-342
Genetic stocks of Triticum aestivum including the disomic, 8 ditelosomic and 3 nullisomic-tetrasomic ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat lines were employed to ascertain the chromosomal arm locations of the genes acting on the production of embryos from micro-spores and on the regeneration capacity (green and albina) of the microspore-derived embryos. All these aneuploid lines differed significantly from the parental line ‘Chinese Spring’ for embryo production. Our results confirmed or in most cases established that genes affecting embryo production are located on several chromosomal arms: IBS, 1BL, 3AS, 3AL, 5AS, SAL, 5BS, 5BL, 7DS, 7DL. Whereas most of the chromosomal arms stimulate the production of embryos from the microspores, IBS and 1BL reduce it. The results of plant production from microspore-derived embryos suggest that the genes increasing regeneration ability are located on CS5A chromosome and are likely associated to a gene increasing green plant frequency. On the contrary, the 1BL arm increases the albina frequency. 相似文献
9.
Influence of genotype and culture medium on callus formation and plant regeneration from immature embryos of Triticum turgidum Desf. cultivars 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Twelve durum wheat cultivars were evaluated for their response to in vitro tissue culture. Zygotic immature embryos were used to induce callus formation using four different Murashige and Skoog‐based media. Each contained 9.05 μM 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid but differed in their carbon source (sucrose or maltose) and the presence of NaCl (0 mM or 40 mM). The influence of both genotype and medium on the type and percentage of callus produced was observed. Calli were either compact and frequently embryogenic, or soft and watery. Percentages ranged from 54 to 100%, depending upon genotype and induction medium. All calli were then plated on a regeneration medium containing 20 g/l sucrose, 2.68 μM 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid and 2.22 μ 6‐benzylaminopurine. The regeneration of plantlets was higher from compact than from soft calli, with a strong dependence on genotype and type of induction medium used. MSm induction medium (30 g/l maltose) and MS40s (30 g/l sucrose plus 40 mM NaCl) were best for inducing compact calli, and gave the highest proportion of regenerated plants. The in vitro response (number of total shoots from a compact callus/number of embryos plated) was higher for immature embryos of ‘Baztan’, ‘Bradano’ and ‘Don Pedro’. These cultivars are a good starting material for experiments involving transformation of calli from zygotic immature embryos. 相似文献
10.
J. Ballesteros C. García-Llamas M. C. Ramírez A. Martín W. E. Weber 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(3):276-278
Haploidization is a useful tool for genetic analysis and plant breeding, but a consistent and satisfactory protocol for haploid production has been difficult to achieve in durum wheat. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the relative humidity of the environment, when culturing detached tillers during the production of haploids plants in durum wheat by the maize method. Thirty‐eight F3 lines from eight crosses of durum wheat were pollinated with bulked pollen from three commercial maize hybrids. A mixture of 2‐4D and dicamba was used as a hormone treatment. The numbers of caryopses, embryos and haploids plants were scored. When 65‐85% (light‐dark) humidity was substituted for 55‐65% the number of haploids per spike increased notably. This increased frequency was largely attributed to a rise in the production of generated caryopses. On average, 15.2 vs. 9.3 caryopses, 5.0 vs. 2.8 embryos, and 3.1 vs. 0.6 haploid plants, per spike, were produced under low and high humidity regimes, respectively. 相似文献
11.
The present study investigates the effects of media on the rate of green plantlet formation from anther cultures of five different winter and spring wheat cultivars. An increased number of embryos and calli were produced on Ficoll-containing liquid potato-2 medium, whereas the addition of 0.2 M/l maltose increased the rate of regeneration. The genotypes had strong effect on the formation of plantlets, but the developed procedure allows also the regeneration of recalcitrant genotypes. On the best medium sequence, a total of 2430 anthers over all genotypes were plated which developed 1325 macroscopic structures (55 %) of which 159 green plants have developed, i.e. 12 % from the structures and 7 % from the plated anthers, respectively. 相似文献
12.
为建立适合小麦遗传转化的高效离体培养体系,本实验用14个优良小麦新品种(品系)为材料,对不同基因型的小麦进行幼胚离体培养研究,通过培养基激素的变化,寻找最适合遗传转化的基因型及培养基成分;结果表明:不同基因型间差异显著,其中09P200和SH905在小麦离体培养中反应较好,幼胚愈伤组织绿原基分化率和出苗率显著高于其他基因型,可作为幼胚培养和转基因受体材料的优良基因型,在分化培养基中添加100mg/L水解酪蛋白、100mg/L脯氨酸和2.0mg/LKT对愈伤组织诱导分化及成苗效果较好,所有供试基因绿原基分化率、成苗率平均分别为31.93%和14.42%;另外采用4个不同基因型的小麦幼胚和成熟胚为外植体,通过继代次数的改变,筛选各外植体最适合遗传转化的培养条件;结果表明幼胚继代两次、成熟胚继代三次可以获得相对理想的绿原基分化率,且此时的愈伤组织是遗传转化较理想的受体材料。 相似文献
13.
不同二倍体和四倍体小麦成熟胚再生体系研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究不同基因型和培养条件对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响,以硬粒小麦、墨西里卡、野生一粒麦Tu和野生一粒麦Tb为实验材料,对其成熟胚在不同激素配比下愈伤组织的诱导和植株分化进行研究。结果表明,不同基因型小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导、分化及再生均存在很大差异。其中硬粒小麦的成熟胚培养效果最佳,其愈伤组织在不同2,4-D浓度（1.0~4.0 mg/L）下诱导率均在93%以上。不同激素配比对成熟胚愈伤组织绿点率、再生率均有显著影响。硬粒小麦、墨西里卡、野生一粒麦Tb在激素配比为KT 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L的分化培养基中培养效果最好,其绿点率分别为85.22%,61.67%,8.50%,成苗率分别为40.40%,32.06%,1.72%;而野生一粒麦Tu的最适分化培养基激素配比为KT 1.0 mg/L +NAA 1.0 mg/L,其绿点率和再生率分别为18.64%和8.47%。研究表明,基因型是影响二倍体和四倍体小麦成熟胚培养的主要因素,愈伤组织的诱导和植株的再生是相互独立的。 相似文献
14.
S. Tuvesson A. Ljungberg N. Johansson † K.E. Karlsson L. W. Suijs J.P. Josset 《Plant Breeding》2000,119(6):455-459
A total of 257 parental wheat and 38 triticale lines were used for anther culture. On average, 2.1 green wheat haploids were obtained per spike. This response occurred irrespective of the origin of the material (Germany, France, Sweden or UK) and 5 years of testing. Triticale responded with 5.3 green haploids per spike. Using the criterion that one parental line should give at least one green haploid per spike in the screening experiment, green haploids were produced from 88 out of 91 F1 wheat breeding combinations and from each of 21 F1 and F2 triticale breeding combinations. An average of 4.7 green plants were obtained per spike from the wheat production programme, while the triticale programme gave an average of 6.2 green plants per spike. A single medium supplemented with different hormones for anthers and embryos was used for culture of both crops. 相似文献
15.
Regeneration potential of CIMMYT durum wheat and triticale varieties from immature embryos 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
N. E. Bohorova W. H. Pfeiffer M. Mergoum J. Crossa M. Pacheco P. Estañol 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(4):291-295
Twenty‐five durum wheat elite advanced lines and released varieties, and five triticale varieties were evaluated for their ability to produce embryogenic callus using three different media. For callus initiation and maintenance there were basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing double strains of macroelements and 2.5 mg/l 2,4D (DW1), basal MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l 2,4D (DW2), or basal MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4 D and coconut milk (DW3). Plant regeneration was achieved on basal MS medium with indoleacetic acid and 6‐benzylaminopurine, and plants rooted on MS with 1‐naphthale‐neacetic acid. DW3 medium proved better than the other media tested for embryogenic callus initiation and maintenance. Regeneration rates varied widely with both genotype and initiation medium, with values ranging from no regeneration to 100% regeneration; the plantlets produced per embryo ranged from five to 20. Fourteen of the durum wheat genotypes showed 63–100% regeneration from DW3 callus formation medium, four lines from DW1 medium, and two lines from DW2. Four of the triticale varieties had regeneration of 48–100% from DW3 medium. After six subcultures, over a 6‐month period, genotypes lost their ability to regenerate plants. Only 10 lines retained some plant regeneration potential but regeneration was at reduced levels. Successful regeneration of durum wheat and triticale varieties will be used as an integral part of the transformation process. 相似文献
16.
High frequencies of regeneration are desirable characteristics of in vitro culture from elite wheat cultivars. The effect of the source spike, the scutellum size and the induction temperature on embryogenesis, regeneration and number of plants per explant were optimized in three varieties of wheat and later determined in fifteen varieties of both bread and durum wheat. The highest frequencies of embryogenesis, regeneration and plants per explant were obtained when the first spike was used as source of scutella and decreased using the scutella from the second and third spikes. Scutella from the third spike yielded half the number of plants per explant than those from the first spike. Significant differences were also found for embryogenesis, regeneration and plants per explant as affected by scutellum size. The number of plants per explant drastically decreased in commercial varieties when scutella larger than 2.0 mm were used. The optimum induction temperature was 21 and 25°C for commercial and model genotypes, respectively. However, no differences were found for the number of plants per explant as affected by the induction temperature. The in vitro culture response of twelve and four cultivars of, respectively, bread and durum wheat were then determined. In all wheat varieties tested embryogenesis, regeneration and plants per explant varied over a wide range of values. In elite wheat varieties the selection of the source spike and the scutellum size can yield high frequencies of embryogenesis and regeneration and high numbers of plants per explant. 相似文献
17.
A defined method for the rapid establishment of cell suspensions releasing small-cell colonies and their regeneration to fertile plants is described. Cell suspensions were obtained from 10 mature, lengthwise-divided embryos. Five of the 10 suspensions regenerated green plants. Filtration of suspensions through a 150 μm mesh followed by regeneration was carried out 28 days after initiation of the suspensions, to demonstrate a rapid release of regenerable small cell colonies from cell suspensions using the protocol described. Two of the 10 filtered suspensions regenerated green plants from small cell colonies. 相似文献
18.
For the efficient application of haploid induction procedures in cabbage breeding, a sufficient number of regenerants should be achieved in a broad spectrum of genotypes. However, the majority of genotypes are somewhat recalcitrant. The efficiency of microspore culture was tested by crossing a responsive (28.7 embryos per Petri dish) and a non- responsive (0.1 embryo) cabbage cultivar. The embryo yield of one progeny was intermediate (18.9) while two were superior to the best parent cultivar (52.9 and 64.0 embryos). Thus, genes for haploid embryogenesis, present in responsive lines, can be effectively transmitted to responsive × non-responsive hybrids. Abscisic acid-induced desiccation of embryos was used for the efficient regeneration of plants. High germination percentages (54.7-70.6%) followed by normal plantlet development were achieved. Spontaneous genome doubling measured at the plantlet stage differed markedly in untreated genotypes. The percentage of diploids ranged from 21 to 67%. The effects of two antimitotic drugs applied to freshly isolated microspores were determined in two experiments. In the first experiment, trifluralin (0.5 and 1.0 mg:l) had no effect on embryo induction while oryzalin partly (0.125-0.25mg/l) or completely (0.5.mg/l) inhibited the formation of embryos. In the second experiment, higher concentrations of trifluralin increased the proportion of diploidized plants. Application of anti-mitotic drugs to microspores did generally not improve the overall production of haploid plants, which was higher in an untreated control. 相似文献
19.
Effects of incubation temperature and developmental stage of microspores on polyhaploid production in three wheat cultivars‘Pavon 76′, ‘Kitt’, and ‘Chris’ and one triticale cultivar, ‘T81′, were studied using a one-step medium. Calli failing to differentiate on the one-step medium were placed on a medium containing 1 mg/l indole-3-acctic acid (IAA) and 2 mg/1 6-furfurylaminopunne (KIN). Anthers containing either early- or late-uninucleate microspores were incubated in dark at 26, 28 or 32°C lor 3 days prior to transfer to 26°C. Averaged over temperatures and microspore stages, frequency of calli and green plantlets were 8.9 % and 3.4 %, respectively, for wheat cultivar‘Pavon 76′, 8.4 % and 1.6 % for cultivar ‘Kitt’, 4.5 % and 0.25 % for cultivar ‘Chris’, and 2.9 % and 0.12 % for the triticale cultivar‘T81′. However, cultivar-by-developmental-stage interaction was significant for frequency of callus induction. Temperature had no significant effects on callus induction and plantlet regeneration. Anthers containing early-unmucleate microspores produced no polyhaploids. 相似文献
20.
春小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及再生体系的优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为优化小麦成熟胚再生体系,以CB037和中国春(CS) 2个春小麦品系的成熟胚为外植体,在培养基中添加不同浓度的TDZ (Thidiazuron, N-苯基-N’-1,2,3-噻二唑-5-脲)。结果显示,CB037和CS成熟胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率最适TDZ浓度为0.5 mg/L,在培养14 d时分别为90.43%和87.88%,均高于对照,达到极显著差异水平。CB037愈伤组织分化率和绿芽诱导率在0.5 mg/L TDZ时达到最高值,分别为48.94%和60.64%,与对照相比具有极显著性差异和显著性差异;CS愈伤组织分化率和绿芽诱导率的最适TDZ浓度为1.0 mg/L,与对照相比,二者均达到极显著性差异。TDZ最适响应浓度存在品种间差异,适量添加可提高成熟胚再生效率。本研究通过优化培养基成分提高成熟胚再生能力,为高频小麦遗传转化体系的建立提供了依据。 相似文献