共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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为明确棉花花外蜜主要组分糖和氨基酸对异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis捕食豆蚜Aphis craccivora能力的影响,选取蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖3种糖以及谷氨酰胺、组氨酸、缬氨酸3种氨基酸,测定糖混合液、氨基酸混合液以及糖+氨基酸混合液处理后异色瓢虫对豆蚜24 h和连续7 d的捕食能力。结果表明,糖混合液处理组、糖+氨基酸混合液处理组异色瓢虫4龄幼虫在较高猎物密度（40～100头豆蚜）下,雌雄成虫在各猎物密度下对豆蚜24 h捕食量均显著低于对照组。不同处理异色瓢虫对豆蚜捕食量的总体趋势为对照组>氨基酸混合液组>糖+氨基酸混合液组>糖混合液组。不同处理异色瓢虫1～4龄幼虫和成虫对豆蚜的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ功能反应模型,糖混合液、氨基酸混合液和糖+氨基酸混合液处理均降低了异色瓢虫对豆蚜的捕食能力,其中糖混合液的作用最明显,异色瓢虫4龄幼虫、雌成虫和雄成虫对豆蚜的捕食能力分别降低了72.47%、53.29%和42.55%;其次是糖+氨基酸混合液处理,异色瓢虫4龄幼虫、雌成虫和雄成虫对豆蚜的捕食能力分别降低了62.37%、47.61%和38.74%。糖混... 相似文献
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异色瓢虫对雪松长足大蚜的捕食作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis对雪松长足大蚜Cinara cedri的捕食能力,采用捕食功能反应方法在室内测定了异色瓢虫各龄幼虫和成虫对雪松长足大蚜4龄若蚜的捕食功能反应、寻找效应、种内干扰效应及环境温度对其捕食能力的影响。结果显示:异色瓢虫各龄幼虫和成虫对雪松长足大蚜若蚜的捕食功能反应类型均属于Holling II型,成虫对雪松长足大蚜的捕食能力强于幼虫,幼虫的捕食能力随虫龄的增大而增强,1～4龄幼虫及成虫的日最大捕食量分别是11.41、41.32、61.73、140.85、188.68头;异色瓢虫1～4龄幼虫及成虫对雪松长足大蚜4龄若蚜的寻找效应随猎物密度的增加而下降,二者之间呈线性相关,相关系数为0.9758～0.9993,其中2龄幼虫的搜寻效应随猎物密度的增加,下降趋势最大,成虫则下降趋势最小;异色瓢虫成虫的捕食受到较强的种内干扰,在猎物密度和捕食空间一定的情况下,单头日平均捕食量随其自身密度的增加而降低,二者间关系符合模型A=58.8391x~(-0.3313);异色瓢虫的捕食受环境温度影响明显,在15～35℃范围内,其成虫对雪松长足大蚜的捕食量先增加后减少,25℃是异色瓢虫最适宜的捕食温度。表明异色瓢虫对雪松长足大蚜有很强的捕食能力,尤其是成虫和高龄幼虫,但应用时还需考虑温度因素的影响。 相似文献
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为探究入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda与本地害虫禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi同时存在时,异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis对入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾的防控效果,本研究开展了异色瓢虫成虫及4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫、禾谷缢管蚜2龄若虫的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应、捕食选择性试验。结果表明,异色瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾、禾谷缢管蚜的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ模型方程,其日捕食量随物密度的增加而增加,搜寻效应均随猎物密度的增加而逐渐降低;异色瓢虫成虫对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫、禾谷缢管蚜2龄若虫的控害效能分别为221.88头和343.01头,其4龄幼虫对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫、禾谷缢管蚜2龄若虫的控害效能分别为140.88头和210.93头。异色瓢虫对草地贪夜蛾和禾谷缢管蚜具有较好的控害能力,其成虫对两种害虫的防控效果优于其4龄幼虫,且异色瓢虫对禾谷缢管蚜的捕食选择性强于草地贪夜蛾。 相似文献
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核桃全斑蚜是近年来新发现的一种核桃树上的新害虫,为明确异色瓢虫对核桃全斑蚜的控害潜能,室内研究了不同龄期异色瓢虫对不同密度核桃全斑蚜的捕食能力。结果表明：不同龄期异色瓢虫对核桃全斑蚜的捕食功能反应均符合Holling-Ⅱ型圆盘方程。异色瓢虫各龄幼虫及成虫对核桃全斑蚜的日最大理论捕食量由大到小依次为4龄幼虫、雌成虫、雄成虫、3龄幼虫、2龄幼虫和1龄幼虫; 4龄幼虫对核桃全斑蚜的瞬间攻击率最强,处理时间最短。异色瓢虫的寻找效应随着猎物密度的增加而降低,4龄幼虫寻找效应最强。即异色瓢虫对核桃全斑蚜具有较强的捕食能力。 相似文献
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非昆虫源人工饲料饲养的七星瓢虫对豆蚜的捕食功能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为评价非昆虫源人工饲料饲养七星瓢虫的捕食能力,在室内比较了用人工饲料饲养的七星瓢虫种群和蚜虫饲养的七星瓢虫种群对豆蚜捕食作用的异同。结果表明,两种七星瓢虫种群各虫态的捕食量均随着猎物密度的增加而上升,当猎物密度增加到一定水平,捕食量趋向稳定,捕食功能反应曲线均符合Holling Ⅱ型方程。人工饲料饲养种群的1～4龄幼虫、雌成虫和雄成虫的理论最大日捕食量分别是20.9、36.0、100.2、403.2、490.9和395.3头,蚜虫饲养种群的1～4龄幼虫、雌成虫和雄成虫的理论最大日捕食量分别是20.0、28.9、102.1、476.2、472.2和396.4头。结果说明两种种群各虫态对豆蚜的最大日捕食量差异不大,表明人工饲料饲养的七星瓢虫对豆蚜也有较强的控制作用。 相似文献
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异色瓢虫是我国苜蓿重要的天敌昆虫,豌豆蚜和牛角花齿蓟马是严重为害苜蓿的刺吸类害虫。为探究异色瓢虫对豌豆蚜和牛角花齿蓟马的生防潜力,室内测定了异色瓢虫1～4龄幼虫和雌成虫分别对豌豆蚜2～3龄若蚜和牛角花齿蓟马成虫的捕食功能反应及猎物捕食偏好性。结果表明,不同龄期的异色瓢虫对两种害虫的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ模型。异色瓢虫4龄幼虫对豌豆蚜2～3龄若蚜的捕食能力最强,雌成虫次之,异色瓢虫1～3龄幼虫的捕食能力随龄期减少而逐渐降低。另外,异色瓢虫雌成虫对牛角花齿蓟马成虫的捕食能力最强,其次为4龄幼虫,3龄幼虫和2龄幼虫的捕食能力较弱。不同龄期的异色瓢虫分别对豌豆蚜2～3龄若蚜和牛角花齿蓟马成虫的搜寻效应均随猎物密度的增加而降低。当猎物豌豆蚜若蚜和牛角花齿蓟马成虫以3种不同数量比例（豌豆蚜:蓟马=40:80头、60:60头、80:40头）共存时,异色瓢虫4龄幼虫对猎物的选择性指数（D）均大于1,表明4龄幼虫对豌豆蚜表现较强的正捕食偏好性;但异色瓢虫雌成虫对猎物的选择性指数均小于1,表明雌成虫对两种猎物无明显的捕食偏好。综上表明异色瓢虫对苜蓿豌豆蚜若蚜和牛角花齿蓟马成虫具有较好的控制能力... 相似文献
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为了明确异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis Pallas对柴胡明蚜Hyadaphis bupleuri B9rner的捕食作用及防治潜力。本文在室内测定了异色瓢虫4龄幼虫和雌、雄成虫对柴胡明蚜的捕食功能反应、寻找效应和自身密度干扰反应。研究结果表明,异色瓢虫4龄幼虫及雌、雄成虫的功能反应均属HollingⅡ型,其中雌、雄成虫的捕食能力(a/Th)较强,分别为222.7和199.3,捕食上限(1/Th)最大,分别为190头/d和182头/d。异色瓢虫对柴胡明蚜的捕食量与猎物密度呈正相关,但寻找效应与猎物密度呈负相关。异色瓢虫自身密度对其捕食作用的干扰效果明显,天敌密度与其对柴胡明蚜的捕食量呈负相关,反应符合Watt模型。异色瓢虫对柴胡明蚜有较强的生物防治潜能。 相似文献
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迷宫漏斗蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉的捕食功能反应 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
室内试验表明 ,迷宫漏斗蛛雌、雄蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉的捕食功能反应均为HollingⅡ型反应 ,迷宫漏斗蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉的控制能力雌蛛大于雄蛛。捕食量上限雌蛛为295.3头,雄蛛为120.7头 ,说明这种蜘蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉有很大控制潜力 相似文献
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BACKGROUND
The tomato potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) is a new invasive pest in Western Australia, which may disperse across the whole of Australia within a few years and cause significant economic losses. Chemical control is the most widely used approach to manage B. cockerelli, but insect resistance, chemical residue and effects on non-target species have become an increasing concerned. Therefore, in this study, the biocontrol potential of variegated lady beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) was investigated. The impact of utilizing B. cockerelli as a food source on the predator's development and reproduction was assessed by formulating age-stage, two sex life tables. The predatory potential of H. variegata on B. cockerelli nymphs was assessed in a closed arena and the effects of releasing H. variegata for the control of B. cockerelli were then evaluated.RESULTS
H. variegata could successfully develop and oviposit when feeding on B. cockerelli. However, both survival and the rate of development were higher for H. variegata feeding on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) than B. cockerelli or a mixed population of B. cockerelli and M. persicae. A type II functional response was observed for H. variegata. In the greenhouse, the releases of H. variegata larvae reduced the number of B. cockerelli nymphs by up to 66% and adults by up to 59%, which positively influenced the plant chlorophyll content and biomass.CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated the potential of the resident generalist predator, H. variegata as a biocontrol agent for the invasive pest, B. cockerelli, which may help improving current management strategies. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献13.
为明确功能植物对棉花蚜虫及其捕食性天敌的调控作用,通过田间系统调查和室内选择行为反应试验测定4种功能植物对棉花蚜虫及其捕食性天敌种群动态的影响。结果显示,4种功能植物均可涵养多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata、中华通草蛉Chrysoperla sinica和东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri等捕食性天敌,其中蛇床草Cnidium monnieri上的捕食性天敌总数最多,达821头。蛇床草种植区棉花上多异瓢虫和中华通草蛉的种群数量均显著高于对照区棉花,而棉蚜Aphis gossypii、棉长管蚜Acyrthosiphon gossypii和棉黑蚜Ap.craccivora的种群数量均显著低于对照区棉花;油菜Brassica napus种植区棉花上的中华通草蛉种群数量显著高于对照区棉花,棉长管蚜种群数量则显著低于对照区棉花;薄荷Mentha haplocalyx种植区棉花上的多异瓢虫和中华通草蛉种群数量均显著高于对照区棉花,棉蚜和棉长管蚜种群数量均显著低于对照区棉花;罗勒Ocimum basilicum种植区棉花上的棉长管蚜和棉黑蚜种群数量均显著低于对照区棉花。此外,棉蚜和棉长管蚜种群数量与捕食性天敌总数之间呈显著负相关;蛇床草和罗勒植株的挥发物显著吸引多异瓢虫和中华通草蛉,罗勒和薄荷植株的挥发物显著驱避有翅棉蚜。表明功能植物蛇床草、油菜、薄荷和罗勒可为棉田涵养捕食性天敌,而薄荷和罗勒还能驱避棉花蚜虫,可用于棉田害虫及天敌的生态调控。 相似文献
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The effects of ‘Margosan-O’ (MO) on the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), were determined. MO significantly reduced population increase of A. pisum in a concentration-dependent manner. At a concentration equivalent to 100 mg litre?1 of azadirachtin, population increase was c. 3.5 times lower than the control. In more detailed studies, MO significantly reduced the number of molts, longevity, and fecundity of A. pisum that had been reared on treated broad bean. Viciafaba L., plants. MO also reduced the longevity and fecundity of young adult A. pisum exposed to MO-treated broad bean. MO was slow-acting against A. pisum. Mortality caused by MO stabilised seven days after newborn A. pisum were exposed to treated broad bean and 10 days for adults. The seven day LC50 for individuals exposed from birth was 27.50 mg azadirachtin liter?1 while the 10 day LC50 for adults was 53.32 mg liter?1. Contrary to previous studies suggesting that neem insecticides are not contact toxicants, we found that MO applied topically to adult A. pisum caused effects similar to those found in individuals that fed upon treated plants. However, MO was slower-acting when applied topically. Mortality in adult A. pisum caused by topically applied MO stabilised 17 days after treatment with a resultant LD50of 2.91 μg azadirachtin g?1. 相似文献
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为明确现阶段棉田常用化学杀虫剂对新疆维吾尔自治区（简称新疆）棉花主要害虫的毒力以及对新疆本地优势天敌多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata的安全性,于室内分别测定当前21种棉田常用化学药剂对新疆棉田3种主要害虫棉蚜Aphis gossypii、截形叶螨Etranychus truncatus和棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera以及优势天敌多异瓢虫的毒力,比较不同药剂对各种害虫和天敌的相对毒力指数以及益害毒性比。结果表明,药剂处理24 h后,10种蚜虫防治药剂对棉蚜成蚜的半致死浓度LC50由高到低依次为氟啶虫胺腈、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、环氧虫啶、噻虫嗪、丁硫克百威、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、螺虫乙酯和吡蚜酮,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有氟啶虫胺腈和螺虫乙酯;5种叶螨防治药剂对截形叶螨成螨的LC50从高到低依次为阿维菌素、哒螨灵、四螨嗪、噻螨酮和炔螨特,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有四螨嗪、噻螨酮和阿维菌素;6种鳞翅目害虫幼虫防治药剂对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的LC50由高到低顺次为甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（简称甲维盐）、氯虫苯甲酰胺、茚虫威、灭多威、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺。综合上述2个方面结果,氟啶虫胺腈、阿维菌素、甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺不仅对棉花害虫毒力效果强,而且对有益天敌安全性高。 相似文献
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Dactylopius opuntiae is an insect pest of cactus which is currently causing severe damage to cactus crops in Morocco. It was first observed in 2014 in the Sidi Bennour region 120 km northwest of Marrakech, and has spread very quickly to destroy the prickly pear cactus crops (Opuntia ficus‐indica (L.) Miller) in several regions of country, causing very heavy economic losses. To control this pest, the predatory potential of eleven species of native Moroccan ladybird predators was investigated under laboratory conditions at 26 ± 2°C, 60 ± 10% RH and a 12 h light:12 h dark regime. The experiments were conducted in no‐choice feeding tests (only eggs, first instar or second instar of mealybugs were offered at one time) and free‐choice feeding tests (eggs and first and second instar larvae were offered simultaneously). In the no‐choice feeding tests, Exochomus nigripennis, Chilocorus bipustulatus and Chilocorus politus consumed the highest mean number of mealybug eggs and first instars, and the highest mean number of second instars was consumed by Hippodamia convergens. In the free‐choice feeding tests the highest mean number of mealybug eggs was eaten by Chilocorus bipustulatus and Chilocorus politus and Hippodamia convergens consumed the highest mean number of first and second instars of the mealybug. 相似文献
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为明确黄带犀猎蝽Sycanus croceovittatus对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura的控害潜能,在实验室条件下对黄带犀猎蝽3~5龄若虫和雌雄成虫对斜纹夜蛾3、4龄幼虫的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应和自身密度干扰反应进行研究。结果表明,黄带犀猎蝽对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合Hol-ling II型和Holling III型2种模型;在拟合Holling II模型中,黄带犀猎蝽3~5龄若虫和雌雄成虫对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的日均最大捕食量分别为2.78、4.17、4.35、12.50和8.33头,控害效能分别为5.53、6.54、8.78、14.75和10.42;对斜纹夜蛾4龄幼虫的日均最大捕食量分别为2.56、2.86、3.85、3.57和4.35头,控害效能分别为2.23、3.94、4.54、11.32和5.70,其中雌成虫的控害效能最大。在拟合Hol-ling III模型中,对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的日均最大捕食量分别为2.75、4.10、4.32、10.76和7.41头,最佳寻找密度分别为1.19、2.03、1.73、5.28和3.88头/盒;对斜纹夜蛾4龄幼虫的日均最大捕食量分别为2.38、2.78、3.55、3.58和4.00头,最佳寻找密度分别为1.83、1.50、2.06、0.95和2.10头/盒。搜寻效应与害虫密度呈负相关;种内干扰效应与天敌密度呈正相关。表明黄带犀猎蝽成虫对斜纹夜蛾3、4龄幼虫的捕食能力优于黄带犀猎蝽若虫。 相似文献
18.
伪钝绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
室内条件下研究了伪钝绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用。结果表明：伪钝绥螨雌成螨对二斑叶螨卵、幼螨、若螨和雌成螨的功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型方程,搜寻效率a′与处理时间Th值分别为0.5902、1.0025、0.9697、0.3146和0.0150、0.0240、0.0520、0.1681。伪钝绥螨的雌成螨喜食二斑叶螨的卵、幼螨和若螨,而对二斑叶螨雌成螨的捕食能力较弱。伪钝绥螨捕食率随着自身密度的增加而下降。捕食者密度低时,捕食率下降较快;随着捕食者密度进一步增加,捕食率下降缓慢,干扰反应方程拟合为E=0.3101P~（-0.412）。 相似文献
19.
Selection of compounds acting as aphid development and reproduction regulators: Laboratory screening
Newly synthesized compounds were examined in screening tests with the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) for juvenilizing effects. usign the spray-residue method. Two derivatives of 2-(4-hydroxvbenzyl)eyclohexanone bearing a carbamate or an ether group were found to be the most active inhibitors of development and reproduction. Tests with the hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Schrank) of insecticide-susceptible and multi-resistant biotypes and with the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) confirmed their biological activity. Cross-resistance between conventional insecticides and juvenoids was not indicated. The formation of supernumerary larvae, where retention of larval cauda and corresponding larval characters were observed and reproduction was entirely suppressed, was recognized as the critical result of the juvenilizing effect. The production of viable progeny was not affected in those aphids which survived treatment and developed normal adult external genitalia. 相似文献