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1.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential for using blood urea N concentration to predict urinary N excretion rate, and to develop a mathematical model to estimate important variables of N utilization for several different species of farm animals and for rats. Treatment means (n = 251) from 41 research publications were used to develop mathematical relationships. There was a strong linear relationship between blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL) and rate of N excretion (g x d(-1) x kg BW(-1)) for all animal species investigated. The N clearance rate of the kidney (L of blood cleared of urea x d(-1) x kg BW(-1)) was greater for pigs and rats than for herbivores (cattle, sheep, goats, horses). A model was developed to estimate parameters of N utilization. Driving variables for the model included blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL), BW (kg), milk production rate (kg/d), and ADG (kg/d), and response variables included urinary N excretion rate (g/d), fecal N excretion rate (g/d), rate of N intake (g/d), and N utilization efficiency (N in milk and gain per unit of N intake). Prediction errors varied widely depending on the variable and species of animal, with most of the variation attributed to study differences. Blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL) can be used to predict relative differences in urinary N excretion rate (g/d) for animals of a similar type and stage of production within a study, but is less reliable across animal types or studies. Blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL) can be further integrated with estimates of N digestibility (g/g) and N retention (g/d) to predict fecal N (g/d), N intake (g/d), and N utilization efficiency (grams of N in milk and meat per gram of N intake). Target values of blood urea N concentration (mg/100 mL) can be backcalculated from required dietary N (g/d) and expected protein digestibility. Blood urea N can be used in various animal species to quantify N utilization and excretion rates.  相似文献   

2.
A cross-sectional epidemiologic study was conducted to evaluate two objectives. The first was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of large animal (dairy) veterinarians, dairy farmers, and dairy processors in Michigan toward the use of bovine somatotropin (BST). The second was to compare and contrast the data from the large animal veterinarians, dairy farmers, and dairy processors according to the knowledge, attitude, and behavior variables. A written questionnaire was used as an instrument to collect data relating to the objectives. Three basic types of questions were asked of each group: (1) how much do you know about BST? (knowledge-based question), (2) how do you feel about BST? (attitude-based question), and (3) how would you use BST or use dairy products produced through BST biotechnology (behavior-based question)?  相似文献   

3.
Low‐ and middle‐income countries are experiencing rapid urban population growth, particularly in peri‐urban informal settlements. In these urban areas, animal husbandry remains a valuable source of income and protein‐rich foods but may also present a risk of zoonotic disease threat. To date, there have been studies that have assessed the prevalence and nature of animal ownership in these communities. This cross‐sectional survey assessed the geographical, sociocultural and economic factors behind the presence, ownership and purpose of domestic animals in three informal peri‐urban communities of Kisumu, Kenya. A majority (n = 587) of the study households exhibited domestic animal presence in the living space yet only 32% of households reported animal ownership (n = 252). The purposes of ownership included: for meat/eggs (55%); for income, sale or trade (43%); for milk production (31%); and as companions/pets (31%). Among households that owned animals, 76% reported that at least one animal slept in the house at night. In multivariate logistic regression, the following factors were significantly associated with household animal ownership: ownership of agricultural land (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.12, 3.35), perceiving a strong community bond (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.25, 4.16), and household membership in a community group (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.60). This research demonstrates the high prevalence of animal ownership in a low‐income and high‐density peri‐urban neighbourhood of an African city, which may facilitate zoonotic disease transmission. Further research should assess if and to what extent animal ownership in such communities is associated with disease risk.  相似文献   

4.
Animal bites are a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to conduct a survey of animal bites in Bursa, Turkey. Patients who sought medical care for animal bites over an 18-month period were included in our study (n = 1,715). Data were obtained from the registry of the Bursa State Hospital; 71.84% of the patients were men and 28.16% were women. Bites were most frequent among patients who were >18 years of age (comprising 60.83% of all bites). The anatomical site of the bite was recorded in all 1,715 cases, and 1,778 bite locations on the body were reported. The upper extremities were the most frequent sites of animal bites (53.83%), followed by the lower extremities (38.03%). Bites were most frequently inflicted by dogs (68.04%), followed by cats (28.45%), mice (2.56%), and other animals (hamsters, donkeys, horses, foxes, and rabbits together comprised 0.95% of the bites). As a result, bite incidents were mostly associated with males aged >18 years and occurred in the upper extremities. This study showed that dog bites constitute a major animal bite problem in Bursa, Turkey.  相似文献   

5.
A total of 417 isolates of Escherichia coli collected from five animal species/organ system combinations from swine [urinary/genital tract (UGT) incl. mastitis metritis agalactia syndrome], horses [genital tract (GT)] and dogs/cats [respiratory tract (RT), UGT and gastrointestinal tract (GIT)] were analysed quantitatively for their susceptibility against different antimicrobial agents by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. Regardless of which animal species the strains originated from, resistance appeared most frequently against sulfamethoxazole (18-59%), tetracycline (14-54 %), and ampicillin (14-39%). High percentages of intermediate isolates were observed for cephalothin (39-46 %). In general, low prevalences of resistance were detected for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (1-4%), gentamicin (1-9%), and cefazolin (0-11%). Generally speaking, the antimicrobial resistance situation among E. coli isolates from horses and small animals is relatively good.  相似文献   

6.
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a common cause of salmonellosis in people in the UK. This study aimed to assess the degree of genetic diversity among animal and human isolates from UK, Wales and northern Ireland. A total of 250 isolates from humans (n=59) and animals or their environment (n=191), belonging to the most common phage-types, were fingerprinted by a combination of PFGE, PS ribotyping and plasmid profiling. The different techniques identified different degrees of polymorphism (PS ribotyping (52 types)>PFGE (22 types)>plasmid profiling (17 types)). A prevalent genomic clone, as well as a variety of less frequent clones are present for each of the phage-types. In most cases, the prevalent clones appeared within isolates from several animal species and from several geographical locations. The percentage of sporadic clones found in animal and human populations were very similar. There was not clear evidence of a higher degree of diversity for human or animal isolates. Some clones were found to be present in both human and animal.  相似文献   

7.
Three classes of spermatogonia were discerned: undifferentiated A spermatogonia (Ais, Apr, Aal), differentiated A spermatogonia (A1, A2) and differentiated B spermatogonia (B1, B2). Cell counts performed throughout the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the breeding season revealed that the number of undifferentiated A spermatogonia was lowest in the presence of differentiated A1 and A2 spermatogonia during stages I-II to III-IV. In the non-breeding season a highly significant increase in the number of undifferentiated spermatogonia occurred in an animal with moderate germ cell loss exclusively at stages I-II to III-IV, when the A1 and A2 spermatogonia degenerated. In three other animals involved in severe cell loss, enhanced proliferation of undifferentiated spermatogonia was much greater than in the animal mentioned above. These result suggest the presence of a feedback mechanism between undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonia, which may be considered to play an important role in regulating seasonal changes in spermatogonial proliferation.  相似文献   

8.
The aim of this study was to give some insights into the prevalence, serovars, phage types, and antibiotic resistances of Salmonella from animal origin in the United Arab Emirates. Data on diagnostic samples from animals (n?=?20,871) examined for Salmonella between 1996 and 2009 were extracted from the databases of the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory in Dubai and from typed strains (n?=?1052) from the Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch in Germany and analyzed for general and animal-specific trends. Salmonella was isolated from 1,928 (9 %) of the 20,871 samples examined. Among the 1,052 typed strains, most were from camels (n?=?232), falcons (n?=?166), bustards (n?=?101), antelopes (n?=?66), and horses (n?=?63). The predominant serovars were Salmonella Typhimurium (25 %), Salmonella Kentucky (8 %), followed by Salmonella Frintrop (7 %), and Salmonella Hindmarsh (5 %). When analyzed by animal species, the most frequent serovars in camels were Salmonella Frintrop (28 %) and Salmonella Hindmarsh (21 %), in falcons Salmonella Typhimurium (32 %), in bustards Salmonella Kentucky (19 %), in antelopes Salmonella Typhimurium (9 %), and in horses Salmonella Typhimurium (17 %) and S. Kentucky (16 %). Resistance of all typed Salmonella strains (n?=?1052) was most often seen to tetracycline (23 %), streptomycin (22 %), nalidixic acid (18 %), and ampicillin (15 %). These data show trends in the epidemiology of Salmonella in different animal species which can be used as a base for future prevention, control, and therapy strategies.  相似文献   

9.
Pork from the LM and semimembranosus muscle (SM) of 59 female Duroc-cross pigs with a mean carcass weight of 80.1 kg (SD = 3.2) were assessed for quality. The pigs were grown on diets containing either animal and plant products (the animal group) or plant products only (the plant group), with or without a supplement (0.31% of the diet) containing extra CLA, selenium, and vitamin E. The 45-min postmortem pH of LM was unaffected by dietary treatment (mean 6.44, SD = 0.21), but the ultimate pH (pHu) was lower for the supplemented animal group for both muscles within the animal group (P < 0.04). Water-holding capacity in terms of drip loss for SM and expressed juice levels for LM, but not cooking loss, was also lower for the supplemented animal group (P < 0.01), but this difference was reduced after adjustment to a constant pHu (P < 0.07). Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values were greater for the plant group for LM only (P < 0.05), both before and after pHu adjustment. Differences between dietary treatment groups for color (L*, a*, and b*) were small and seldom significant before or after pHu adjustment. Sensory assessment of LM samples (with 5% subcutaneous fat added) from 32 pigs (8 per group) for 8 odor notes and 11 flavor notes by a trained analytical sensory panel of 13 people revealed no differences between the groups, except that the percentage of instances in which a rancid odor was detected was greater for the supplemented plant group compared with the control plant group (25 vs. 12%). Differences (P < 0.001) were shown between the muscles such that, relative to SM, LM had lower pHu values, greater drip losses, greater WBSF values, greater L* values, and lower chroma values, but similar levels of cooking loss. It is concluded that the dietary treatments imposed to improve the nutritional value of pork had some effects on certain meat quality parameters, but that the overall effects on appearance and palatability were small and unlikely to be of practical importance.  相似文献   

10.
Rabies is a deadly zoonoses endemic in the United States, including Kansas. Animal control programmes that emphasize vaccination of dogs and cats, removal of stray animals and enforcement of licensure programmes have historically been essential in reducing the risk of rabies exposures to humans (Beran, 1991). Kansas does not mandate the use of animal control officers [ACOs] and in areas where there is no designated animal control officer, law enforcement officers [LEOs] are required to fill that role. Little is known about LEOs' knowledge of rabies, their current practices in responding to animal‐related calls or if they receive any specialized training to perform the duties of an ACO. A web‐based, voluntary and anonymous survey was sent to law enforcement officers in Kansas in January 2014. The survey included questions about animal control practices and a self‐assessment of rabies knowledge. The response rate was 16.2%. All respondents indicated LEOs will respond to animal‐related calls, even if there was an ACO available in their department or jurisdiction. A majority of respondents indicated they had not received training on safe animal handling (62.9%, 61/97) or zoonoses prevention (85.6%, 83/97), even though a strong majority considered such training important (89.7% and 79.4%, respectively). Most respondents (>80%) were able to correctly identify animals capable of transmitting rabies but were less aware of how rabies was transmitted or the severity of rabies in humans. Our results demonstrate that Kansas LEOs perform animal control duties, many without the proper training, even though most consider such training to be important to be able to perform their duties safely. Training on safe animal handling and zoonoses prevention should be provided to all LEOs in Kansas to enable them to safely execute their duties and provide timely and accurate information to citizens regarding rabies prevention.  相似文献   

11.
Teaching veterinary students about animal welfare science, ethics, and law has been identified as a priority of the veterinary curriculum. Suggested content for such a course, the stage at which it should be taught, and possible methods of teaching and assessing the subject have been outlined. Critically, such a course needs to address the quantification of the impact of humans on animals (welfare science), the analysis of our moral obligations (welfare ethics), and knowledge of minimum welfare standards (welfare legislation). A mixture of both teaching methods and assessment techniques is needed to ensure that sufficient skills and knowledge and a deeper understanding are achieved.  相似文献   

12.
Q fever (QF) is a worldwide zoonosis associated with outbreaks. Only a few nationwide studies regarding the surveillance and epidemiology of human QF have been reported. Although QF is endemic in Taiwan, a nationwide database investigation of the epidemiology and characteristics of QF and its associations with scrub typhus (ST), murine typhus (MT) and leptospirosis (LS) has never been reported. We analysed nationwide databases of suspected QF, ST, MT and LS cases from October 2007 to December 2014 obtained from the Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan. A total of 468 (4.2%) QF cases were identified among 11 109 suspected QF cases. QF cases were mainly distributed in the southern and Kaohsiung–Pingtung regions but rarely in the eastern region. Compared to non‐QF cases, QF cases had significantly higher percentages of males (88.7 versus 66.2%) and high‐risk occupations (farming, animal husbandry or veterinary medicine) (16.2 versus 10.5%). But the percentages of specific animal contact, including cattle (0.6 versus 0.8%) and goats (0.9 versus 1.0%), were low in both. The majority of suspected QF cases (89.4%) were simultaneously suspected with ST, MT or LS, and the combinations of suspected diseases differed between regions. The number of suspected QF cases from the eastern region decreased since 2009, which was not observed in other regions. A total of 1420 (12.8%) cases had confirmed diseases, including QF (453, 4.1%), QF+ST (7, 0.06%), QF+MT (4, 0.04%), QF+LS (4, 0.04%), MT (186, 1.7%), ST (545, 4.9%), ST+LS (11, 0.1%) and LS (210, 1.9%). Compared to cases of unknown disease, QF cases had larger percentages of high‐risk occupations (16.2 versus 9.6%) but similar histories of animal contact (29.8 versus 25.1%). QF is an endemic disease in southern Taiwan. It is difficult to differentiate QF from ST, MT or LS only by high‐risk occupations and history of animal contact, and co‐infection of QF with these diseases should be considered.  相似文献   

13.
Commencing in 2007, a collaborative project to develop the ”National Animal Welfare Standards for the Livestock Transport Industry” (the Standards) was completed and the documentation was integrated with the existing industry quality assurance (QA) program, TruckCare. The project was the fifth in a series of 6 projects commencing from 1998, to develop industry-wide animal welfare standards and accompanying audit material for the livestock industries, including poultry, pork, dairy, meat processing, and saleyards. Three booklets covering animal welfare practice for the livestock transport industry were produced: a Standards Manual, a Working Manual, and Background Information and Rationale (Edge et al., 2007a, Edge et al., 2007b, Edge et al., 2007c). The documentation was designed to further both industry's and the community's expectations of the high levels of QA associated with livestock transport.Factors that influenced the need for the project include the increasing demand for sound, science-based animal welfare standards by customers for various markets (Blandford et al., 1999; Verbeke et al., 2000), the development of international guidelines (OIE, 2007), and in the near future in Australia, new legislative requirements that are currently being considered as part of the Australian Animal Welfare Strategy initiative, a national framework supported by all jurisdictions. The Standards were developed to underpin existing legislation, including the Model Codes of Practice, scientific literature where available, and current industry practice. The Standards were integrated with the existing industry QA program, TruckCare (2007), for industry to demonstrate animal welfare practices that underpin legislative and commercial standards. A management group comprising representatives from government, welfare organizations, industry, customer organizations, and other technical experts contributed to the development of the Standards by means of a consensus approach. The Standards were accompanied by implementation material to enable uptake within the livestock transport industry and for the delivery of assurance on animal welfare practice to government, customers, trading partners, and consumers. This paper describes the project to develop the national industry animal welfare Standards for livestock transport.  相似文献   

14.
Herd and individual animal seroprevalence for Neospora caninum (N. caninum) in dairy, beef and mixed cattle were obtained in all populations within the Galician Farmer Sanitary Defence Associations (ADSG) in 2004. All animals ≥1 year of age were examined serologically by indirect ELISA. 1147 dairy herds (37,090 animals), 1464 beef herds (20,206 animals) and 141 mixed herds (2292 animals) were surveyed. True herd seroprevalence was estimated to be 80.6% (87.7% dairy, 76.7% beef and 78.4% mixed herds), true animal seroprevalence was estimated to be 23.2% (21.9% dairy, 25.1% beef and 24.9% animal to mixed herds), and within-herd seroprevalence was estimated to be 25.4% (23.6% dairy, 28.3% beef and 28.6% to mixed herds). Seropositivity was significantly associated with herd type (higher in dairies), herd size (increased when herd size increases), animal type (higher in beef) and age (lineal increase with the age). Results obtained in this study will be used for the development of a N. caninum control programme in the ADSG in Galicia.  相似文献   

15.
Animal manure can be a source of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and pharmaceutical residues; however, few studies have evaluated the presence of ARG in pasture-raised animal production systems. The objective of this study was to examine changes in microbiome diversity and the presence of antibiotic residues (ABRs) on three farms that contained a diverse range of animal species: pasture-raised poultry (broiler and layer), swine, and beef cattle. Total bacterial communities were determined using 16S rRNA microbiome analysis, while specific ARGs (sulfonamide [Sul; Sul1] and tetracycline [Tet; TetA]) were enumerated by qPCR (real-time PCR). Results indicated that the ARG abundances (Sul1 [P < 0.05] and TetA [P < 0.001]) were higher in layer hen manures (16.5 × 10−4 and 1.4 × 10−4 µg kg−1, respectively) followed by broiler chickens (2.9 × 10−4 and 1.7 × 10−4 µg kg−1, respectively), swine (0.22 × 10−4 and 0.20 × 10−4 µg kg−1, respectively) and beef cattle (0.19 × 10−4 and 0.02 × 10−4 µg kg−1, respectively). Average fecal TetA ABR tended to be greater (P = 0.09) for broiler chickens (11.4 µg kg−1) than for other animal species (1.8 to 0.06 µg kg−1), while chlortetracycline, lincomycin, and oxytetracycline ABRs were similar among animal species. Furthermore, fecal microbial richness and abundances differed significantly (P < 0.01) both among farms and specific species of animal. This study indicated that the microbial diversity, ABR, ARG concentrations, and types in feces varied from farm-to-farm and from animal species-to-animal species. Future studies are necessary to perform detailed investigations of the horizontal transfer mechanism of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMs) and ARG.  相似文献   

16.
Four digestion experiments with 5 wethers each (Feeding: artificially dried grass; 0, 15, 30 or 60 mg lasalocid per animal and day), two short time experiments (Exp. 1: 3 rumen fistulated sheep; feeding; artificially dried grass; 0, 15, 30 or 60 mg lasalocid per animal and day; exp. 2: 20 bulls; feeding; 2 kg concentrates per animal and day; wheat straw ad libitum; 0, 150 or 300 mg lasalocid per animal and day) and one individual feeding experiment (24 bulls per group; duration: 279 days, feeding: 2 kg concentrates per animal and day, corn silage and whole barley-grass silage ad libitum; 0 or 100/200 mg lasalocid per animal and day) were carried out in order to investigate the influence of the ionophore lasalocid on digestibility, figures of rumen fermentation as well as fattening and slaughtering results of bulls. Higher doses of lasalocid (30 and 60 mg per animal and day) decreased significantly digestibility of organic matter (1.8 and 2.8 units) and crude fibre (5.8 and 7.2 units). Relative acetate (22 to 120 mmoles per mol) and butyrate concentration (23 to 58 mmoles per mol) were decreased and molar propionate concentration of rumen liquid (25 to 154 mmoles per mol) was increased depending on level of lasalocid supplementation. Lasalocid did not significantly influence the dry matter intake; daily weight gain and slaughtering results were increased (4.4 and 6.1%), energy efficiency was improved (3.8%). Effects of lasalocid are similar to that of monensin. A dose of 20 to 30 mg lasalocid per kg dry matter is recommended.  相似文献   

17.
本试验旨在研究饲粮蛋白质和脂肪来源对育成前期蓝狐营养物质消化率和氮代谢的影响。试验采用双因子试验设计,设植物性蛋白质(P植)和动物性蛋白质(P动)2个蛋白质来源,豆油(F植)和猪油(F动)2个脂肪来源,配制4种试验饲粮(P植F植、P植F动、P动F植、P动F动)。选取(55±5)日龄、体重相近的健康蓝狐80只,随机分成4组(每组20只,公母各占1/2),每组随机饲喂1种试验饲粮。预试期14 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:P植组蓝狐的干物质、粗蛋白质和总能消化率显著或极显著高于P动组(P<0.05或P<0.01),但蛋白质生物学价值却极显著低于P动组(P<0.01);F动组蓝狐的粗脂肪消化率极显著低于F植组(P<0.01),但氮摄入量、氮沉积、净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学效价则显著或极显著高于F植组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由此得出,蓝狐对植物性蛋白质饲料中各营养物质的消化率较高,但蛋白质生物学价值却极显著低于动物性蛋白质饲料,所以蓝狐实际生产中要想以植物性蛋白质饲料为主则要考虑氨基酸平衡问题;豆油的脂肪消化率虽较高,但猪油可以提高氮的利用和沉积,所以动、植物混合油脂的生产效果会更好。  相似文献   

18.
Over a 5-mo period, three diplodactylid geckos housed at the National Aquarium were diagnosed with proliferative thyroid lesions: a rough knob-tail gecko (Nephrurus amyae), a smooth knob-tail gecko (Nephrurus levis), and a marbled velvet gecko (Oedura marmorata). Clinical signs included an intraoral mass or ventral throat swelling (or both), oral bleeding, and weight loss. Both of the knob-tail geckos died. The histologic diagnosis for the rough knob-tail gecko was thyroid carcinoma with metastases to the liver and lungs, and thyroid carcinoma with no metastases was reported in the smooth knob-tail gecko. A thyroidectomy was performed on the marbled velvet gecko with a histologic diagnosis of adenomatous hyperplasia. Postoperative weight loss and bradycardia resolved following oral supplementation with levothyroxine. The animal is in normal health 10 mo post-surgery. Five other diplodactylid geckos in the collection remain unaffected, giving a 38% prevalence of proliferative thyroid lesions (3/8). The etiology remains undetermined. This is the first report of a cluster of proliferative thyroid lesions in geckos.  相似文献   

19.
The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of seven traits related to sow reproductive performance. Data on all Norwegian Landrace pigs (NL) born in nucleus herds and raised in nucleus or multiplying herds from 1990 to 2000 were extracted from the Norwegian national recording scheme. Reproductive traits investigated were age at first service (AFS), return rate in gilts (RRg), age at first farrowing (AFF), live-born piglets in the first litter (NBA1), interval from weaning to first service after first litter (WTS1), return rate after first litter (RR1), live-born piglets in the second litter (NBA2), and interval from weaning to first service after second litter (WTS2). After editing, the data set comprised 12,583 to 56,042 records, depending on the trait. A mixed linear and a joint linear threshold animal model were used to estimate (co)variance components. A full Bayesian approach via Gibbs sampling was adopted. The statistical model used for analysis included contemporary groups of herd-year (-season), purebred or crossbred litter, single or double insemination, mating type, parity in which the animal was born, a regression on lactation length, and an additive genetic effect. Neither the estimated heritabilities nor the genetic correlations differed much between the two approaches, but there was a tendency for higher genetic correlations using the joint linear threshold model approach. Average heritabilities were as follows: AFS = 0.31; RRg = 0.03; RR1 = 0.02; NBA1 = 0.12; NBA2 = 0.14; WTS1 = 0.08; and WTS2 = 0.03. The highest genetic correlations were estimated between NBA1 and NBA2 (r(g) = 0.95), RR1 and WTS1 (r(g) = 0.93), and between WTS1 and WTS2 (r(g) = 0.78). The estimated genetic correlation between NBA and WTS were close to zero. Selection for increased NBA will slightly increase AFS and reduce the probability of a return. Selection for decreased AFS will have a favorable effect on WTS intervals; however, selection for decreased AFS seems to have an unfavorable effect on return rate both on gilts and sows. Conversely, selection for decreased WTS intervals will reduce the probability of a return. Potential selection candidates to include in a multivariate fertility index are AFS, NBA, and WTS1. Due to the low heritability and low, but favorable, genetic correlations to NBA and WTS, RR is not recommended as a selection candidate.  相似文献   

20.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary manipulations on the fatty acid composition, Se content, and vitamin E content of pork. Sixty Duroc-cross gilts were randomly allocated at weaning to 1 of 4 dietary treatment groups (n = 15 per group). The 4 experimental diets were based on animal plus plant components or plant components only, with or without the inclusion of a dietary supplement (0.614%) containing CLA, Se, and vitamin E. The growth performance to approximately 100 kg of BW was similar with diets containing animal plus plant components or only plant components. Growth was also similar when either of these diets included the supplement. Inclusion of the supplement led to expected increases in Se and vitamin E contents (P < 0.001) of the LM. The differences found in the fatty acid profile of the lipid in LM, loin subcutaneous fat, and the belly cut (pork belly) between the groups with and without animal components in their diets largely reflected differences in the diet composition. Inclusion of the supplement led to greater CLA contents in all 3 tissues (P < 0.001), and also to lower contents of oleic acid (P < 0.001) and greater contents of stearic acid (P < 0.05), possibly due to an inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme. The supplement also led to an increase in LM intramuscular fat (P < 0.05), but did not affect P2 fat depths (65 mm lateral to the midline of the spine at the last rib; mean depth of 11.8 mm). It is concluded that changing from a part animal component diet to an all plant diet will not change the growth performance of pigs but changes in the fatty acid profile of pork are likely to occur. It is further concluded that the nutritional value of pork may be successfully enhanced by simultaneously supplementing the diet with CLA, selenium, and vitamin E.  相似文献   

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