共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Elena Potokina N. Tomooka Duncan A. Vaughan T. Alexandrova Ru-Qiang Xu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1999,46(2):149-161
We report the results of two methods of DNA analysis to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among 29 Vicia subgen. Vicia species in comparison with two species of subgenus Vicilla sect. Vicilla. The methods employed were RAPD analysis of total genomic DNA and PCR-RFLP analysis of five chloroplast genes, rbcL, rpoB, 16S, psaA and trnK. The results of each method were similar and complementary, and support the current taxonomic systems of subsp. Vicia. According to RAPD and PCR-RFLP analysis the Narbonensis complex can be considered a well separated section, which may be related to section Vicia. Sections Vicia, Atossa and Wiggersia are separate, but closely related sections. Species of the section Hypechusa form a single monophyletic section, where V. lutea, V. anatolica and V. hyrcanica are quite remote from other species. Our results suggest that within the subgenus Vicia, V. faba is more closely related to V. bithynica and that these two species are most closely related to section Peregrinae. We found that PCR-RFLP of cp DNA provided more precise information concerning relationships between Vicia sections than RAPD analysis. However, RAPD analysis was more informative concerning diversity of closely related Vicia taxa, such as the variable groups, section Narbonensis and V. sativa aggregate. 相似文献
2.
Lars Hedenäs Irene BisangAnders Tehler Marianne HamnedeKlas Jaederfelt Göran Odelvik 《Biological conservation》2002,105(3):321-331
A new, resource-efficient, herbarium-based method for estimating temporal frequency changes in species, especially of non-vascular plants and fungi, is presented. It is based on a reference data set for the temporal distribution of general collecting activity for the organism group and geographical area of interest. The reference data set includes the collecting year of 650-1000 randomly selected herbarium specimens. The technique relies on the assumption that the temporal distribution of herbarium collections reflects the collecting activity in a region. The temporal distribution of collections of example species is compared with that of the reference data set to correct for the collecting intensity. Thus, cases that are explained by changes in general collecting frequency can be separated from those where other causes are likely. Species of the latter category need to be examined individually in order to assess whether the actual causes for the detected frequency variations are due to environmental changes or other factors. The present method provides a tool to assess actual increases and decreases of moderately frequent to common taxa, to aid in tracing predicted or unpredicted changes in nature. 相似文献
3.
R. van Treuren H. Kemp G. Ernsting B. Jongejans H. Houtman L. Visser 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(6):853-865
A highly informative set of 16 microsatellite markers was used to fingerprint 695 apple accessions from eight Dutch collections.
Among the total sample, 475 different genotypes were distinguished based on multi-locus microsatellite variation, revealing
a potential redundancy within the total sample of 32%. The majority of redundancies were found between collections, rather
than within collections. No single collection covered the total observed diversity well, as each collection consisted of about
50% of unique accessions. These findings reflected the fact that most collection holders focus on common Dutch varieties,
as well as on region-specific diversity. Based on the diversity patterns observed, maintenance of genetic resources by a network
of co-operating collection holders, rather than by collecting the total diversity in a single collection appears to be an
efficient approach. Comparison of microsatellite and passport data showed that for many accessions the marker data did not
provide support for the registered variety names. Verification of accessions showed that discrepancies between passport and
molecular data were largely due to documentation and phenotypic determination errors. With the help of the marker data the
varietal names of 45 accessions could be corrected. Microsatellite genotyping of apple appears to be an efficient tool in
the management of collections and in variety identification. The development of a marker database was considered relevant
as a reference instrument in variety identification and as a source of information about thus far unexplored diversity that
could be of interest in the development of new apple varieties. 相似文献
4.
Axel Diederichsen Peter M. Kusters Dallas Kessler Zenon Bainas Richard K. Gugel 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(4):1479-1485
Between 1998 and 2008, numerous projects were conducted by the Canadian national genebank, Plant Gene Resources of Canada, for the regeneration, characterization and evaluation of the whole flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) germplasm collection. The whole collection comprised 3378 accessions and, according to the passport data, several of these were probably genetically very similar or even identical. Therefore, a subset of 381 accessions was selected that represented the diversity found in the whole collection. Sampling accessions from the whole collection was made using characterization and evaluation data and followed six different methods: (1) For seven qualitative characters, each unique combination of character expression was represented by three accessions; (2) for quantitative characters, a fixed number of accessions representing the lowest and highest observed values was included; (3) for stem fibre content, disease ratings, seed vigour and drought tolerance, a fixed number of accessions with desirable performance was included; (4) a subset of the 57 most distinct accessions based on RAPD markers was included; (5) a subset of 40 pure lines that were created based on extreme low and high values for 1000 seed weight, seed oil content and fatty acid profiles was included; (6) a subset of fibre flax cultivars of known relevance in European flax breeding and another subset of flax cultivars of known relevance for North American linseed breeding were included. The goal was to maximize the diversity available in a limited number of flax accessions by preserving the range of variation present in the whole collection, while improving evenness. The core collection was assembled in response to requests by flax breeders. This paper compares distribution parameters in the whole and core collections. 相似文献
5.
Sergio Segura G. Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge L. López M. Grum L. Guarino 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(6):555-566
Geographic location data for 383 accessions of five Passiflora species from five Andean countries (P. cumbalensis, P. mixta, P. tripartita var. mollissima, P. natistipula, and P. manicata) were linked to interpolated continental surfaces of monthly mean rainfall, monthly mean temperature, and monthly mean diurnal temperature range. This permitted us to identify the potential distribution of each species and document its climatic adaptation. Maps are presented showing regions where the climate is similar to that in areas where each species has been found, but from which no collections have yet been made, thus representing possible geographical gaps in collections. Some species showed evidence of intra-specific variation in their climatic adaptation. The study of Passiflora diversity in Andean countries continues and these maps based on passport data are expected to be useful tools for the planning of both ex situ and in situ conservation activities. 相似文献
6.
Elena Potokina Duncan A. Vaughan E.E. Eggi N. Tomooka 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2000,47(2):171-183
The genetic diversity of 58 wild and weedy populations representing taxa within the V. sativa aggregate from the former USSR, 4 cultivars of V. sativa, 2 accessions of V. cordata and 3 accessions of V. macrocarpa from Mediterranean countries were analysed using randomly amplified DNA fragments (RAPDs) and seed protein electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Interspecific variation between taxa in the V. sativa aggregate could readily be detected using both techniques. RAPDs and seed protein patterns were found to be an effective means of identifying accessions that cannot be identified clearly by morphological criteria alone. RAPD and seed protein analysis revealed a clear relationship between observed genetic variation of populations and their geographical distribution. Populations from each region had their own gene pools. Geographical variation was detected in V. segetalis. The degree of genetic divergence between local populations was usually related to proximity. In several locations where wild and weedy populations of different V. sativa agg. taxa grow sympatrically, intermediate forms could be detected at the DNA and protein levels. Both RAPD and seed protein analysis support the view that the V. sativa aggregate consists of 8 taxa warranting recognition at the species level. Several species in this aggregate are evolving intra-specific groups which can readily be detected at the molecular level. 相似文献
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8.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to study sub-structure and genetic differentiation amongst 31 populations
(seven cultivated and 24 wild populations) belonging to 14 Asiatic Vigna species. Ten pre-selected RAPD primers generated 152 polymorphic amplification products. Estimates of polymorphism indices
were higher for the wild taxa in comparison to the cultivated forms. FST values between populations ranged from 0.111 to 0.801 and Nei’s genetic diversity values between and within species varied
from 0.26 to 0.70 and 0.04 to 0.56 respectively. The high FST and FCT values indicated strong subdivision of populations and high differentiation among species. Analysis of molecular variance
was performed by grouping the populations conforming to specific species. AMOVA was also performed separately to better resolve
the differentiation of species within mungo–radiata complex. Molecular phylogenetic relationships amongst the species of radiata–mungo complex; namely, black gram (V. mungo (L.) Hepper), green gram (V. radiata (L.) Wilczek), V. radiata var. sublobata, V. radiata var. setulosa, V. mungo var. silvestris and V. hainiana, were studied through cluster analyses. Two distinct groups were recognized within the complex, with population samples of
V. hainiana forming one cluster. Further, V. hainiana appeared to be equidistant to both V. radiata and V. mungo. 相似文献
9.
We evaluated morphological, isozyme and biochemical diversity of a total of 87 accessions in the genus Camellia [Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (10), C. talinensis (7), C. sinensis var. dehungensis (3), C. crassicolumna (3) and C. sinensis var. assamica (64)]. Great variation of morphological characters was apparent within each taxa. Across the five taxa, all leaf and most flower quantitative characters showed significant differences while all fruit quantitative characters measured did not differ significantly, and, seven (i.e., life form, bud color, petal texture, pubescence on ovary, style number, stamen location and locule per fruit) of the 33 qualitative characters yield significant differences. As a whole, caffeine content had the highest variation with CV of 22.7%, water extract solid showed the least variation (13.4%) and content of polyphenols (20.0%) and free amino acids (18.8%) showed intermediate variations. Camellia taliensis and C. sinensis var. assamica had significantly higher content of polyphenols and water extract solid than in the other three taxa, while no significant differences were detected for the content of caffeine and free amino acids. For allozyme study, 14 loci presented good resolution, among which, nine loci (64%) were polymorphic in each taxon (AAT-3, FUM-1, 6PDG-1, G6PDH-1, G3PDH-1, ME-1, PGM-1, PGM-2 and SKD-1). The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) for each taxon was 21.4–50.0%. Mean heterozygosity per locus (H
e
) varied 0.114–0.218. F
ST value indicated that only 4.6% of the variations could be ascribable to genetic differences among taxa. Genetic relationships among the five taxa revealed by allozymes, were also exposed by the result of clustering of the morphological and biochemical characters. 相似文献
10.
Genetic variation and relationships among members of the azuki bean complex (Vigna angularis) including wild (V. angularis var. nipponensis), weedy, and cultivated types (V. angularis var. angularis), V. nakashimae, and rice bean (V. umbellata) from Korea were examined using the Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method. AFLP analysis of 50 accessions
revealed 333 (72.1%) polymorphic fragments out of 462 fragments amplified using seven primer combinations. The number of polymorphic
fragments within each species was 70 in the azuki bean complex and 41 in V. nakashimae, but there was no polymorphism in rice bean. The number of shared fragments among species ranges from 142 between the azuki
bean complex and V. nakashimae to 166 between the azuki bean complex and rice bean. Within the azuki bean complex, the range of shared bands was from 231
between cultivated and weedy types to 238 between cultivated and wild types. A dendrogram generated from Jaccard’s similarity
matrix was divided into three groups, which correspond to V. nakashimae, azuki bean complex, and rice bean. The relationship between azuki bean and rice bean is closer than between azuki bean and
V. nakashimae. Phenetic distances averaged 0.502 between the azuki bean complex and V. nakashimae and 0.467 between the azuki bean complex and rice bean. Within the azuki bean complex, the weedy type was more closely related
to wild than cultivated types. But UPGMA dendrogram of the azuki bean complex reveals that each type is not clearly isolated.
These results will help to understand genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of Vigna in Korea. 相似文献
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A floristic study of vascular flora of ancient olive groves of Apulia (Italy) was carried out from 2009 to 2011. Research was made in the fields and in the ecological infrastructures of four olive groves, located in protected areas: National Park of Gargano, Park of Dune Costiere, State and Marine Natural Reserve of Torre Guaceto and of Le Cesine. Floristic analysis was carried out by Raunkiaer and Braun-Blanquet. Biological forms and chorological types were named according to Raunkiear. Overall, 408 taxa were identified, of which 332 species, 73 subspecies and 3 varieties, belonging to 275 genera and 74 families. A small segment of 18 taxa, out of 408, was considered of conservation interest. For these taxa the topography of the collecting site, plant community, population density, degree of vulnerability and habitats were recorded, according to the Directive 92/43/EEC. Another segment of 111 taxa, out of a total of 408, was considered important for usage, which for the sake of presentation has been divided in five arbitrary categories: food crops, fodder crops, medicinal, aromatic and officinalis, crop wild relatives and edible wild species. For each of these taxa, an attempt to provide relevant information was made. Only two taxa, i.e., Muscari parviflorum and Aegilops uniaristata are common to both segments. The work was carried out within the competence of the LIFE+ CENT.OLI.MED. (LIFE07 NAT/IT/000450) project, with the aim to gather information for improving conservation and management of olive groves of Apulia, as well as of their related wild life. 相似文献
13.
I. G. Loskutov S. V. Melnikova L. V. Bagmet 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(1):177-188
On the bases of analysis of the collecting sites of 1160 herbarium specimens and 1640 genebank accessions of wild Avena L. species from the world collection of the Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources maps of areas of the species were produced data base. A comparison of the climate conditions of the Mediterranean, Southwestern Asiatic and Abyssinian centers of diversity with those of the oat species distribution areas shows that all oat species mostly prefer the moderately hot, semi-arid and dry climate. An analysis of the range of soils in the areas of wild oat species distribution has shown that the collected accessions, preferred different types of soil. When considering the soil diversity within the areas of natural distribution of wild oat species, it could be established that the majority of diploid and tetraploid taxa prefer to grow on mountain or plain cinnamon soils; the hexaploid taxa favorites were the mountain forest brown or red-brown soils, as well as subtropical desert soils. An analysis of the database of geographic distribution on wild oat species showed a full picture of oat species diversity, and a basis to make plans concerning further collecting activities or a basis for selecting potential sources of novel genes that can improve some valuable traits and characters to use them for practical purposes. 相似文献
14.
本文运用PCR产物直接测序法对巴山榧树10个地理种群的trnL-trnF序列进行了测定,并调用GenBank中6个近缘种的trnL-trnF序列,选用MEGA 4.1软件对巴山榧树不同地理种群及近缘种间的trnL-trnF序列进行分析。结果表明,巴山榧树10个地理种群间的遗传分化程度较低,只有34个变异位点,1个信息位点;7个近缘种间的遗传分化较显著,有75个变异位点,30个信息位点。聚类分析将巴山榧树10个地理种群与6个近缘种聚为2个分支,巴山榧树、云南榧和日本榧树聚为一支,榧树、长叶榧树、佛罗里达榧和加州榧聚为另一个分支。trnL-trnF序列系统树不支持将榧树属分为皱乳榧组和榧树组;赞同将云南榧并入巴山榧树,或作为巴山榧树的变种处理;不支持将巴山榧树和云南榧合并在榧树下作为变种的处理意见。 相似文献
15.
There is an increasing use of indicator taxa to predict spatial patterns in other taxa, yet it is unclear how well species from one taxonomic group may serve as indicators of species richness in other groups with different ecological needs. We analysed spatial patterns of diversity in several arthropod taxa from the Turkish fauna (Scorpiones, Chilopoda, Coleoptera Cicindelidae, Hydrophilidae (gen. Laccobius), Nitidulidae, Tenebrionidae Pimeliini, Chrysomelidae Cryptocephalinae, and Lepidoptera Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) to test whether there are multi-group hotspots or whether different groups have different areas of maximum diversification. We used three metrics of diversity: species richness, residuals from the species–area relationship, and species/area ratios. In each group, the three metrics were significantly positively correlated. However, the hotspots identified using one metric show small agreement with those identified by other metrics. Although patterns of cross-taxon diversity were significantly and positively correlated for all metrics, hotspots of different groups show little overlap. Moreover, proportions of non-target species captured by hotspots of a target taxon were usually moderate. On the other hand, we found that hotspots of certain groups tend to be concentrated in particular regions, and some groups were good surrogates for others. The Mediterranean and Central and Eastern Anatolian ecogeographic regions included hotspots of species richness for most taxa. Using the species/area ratios, all groups had at least one hotspot in the Marmara and Eastern Black Sea regions, and most groups also in the Mediterranean and Eastern Anatolian regions. Hotspots identified using the residuals from the species–area relationship are concentrated mostly in the Eastern and Central Anatolian regions. These results are explained with reference to the historical biogeography of the study area, the ecological needs of the different taxa and compared with the distribution of National Parks. For an effective conservation approach, we advocate the use of subsets of species as surrogates for all species, provided that selected subsets are representative of animals with different ecological needs and biogeographical histories. 相似文献
16.
Planners of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) commonly use maps of habitat types when choosing areas to conserve. This assumes that habitats are homogeneous, and therefore, that any area of habitat will represent the full spectrum of ecological diversity within that habitat. Here, we report that macrobenthic assemblages in tidal flat habitats were spatially heterogeneous in terms of beta diversity (taxonomic turnover), abundance, taxonomic richness and Shannon-Wiener H′ Diversity. Importantly, the patterns of heterogeneity were scale dependent for the three spatial scales we examined; plots (20 m), sites (100s of m) and estuaries (<30 km). The three estuaries in the study were compositionally similar as they shared the same dominant taxa, although one estuary had significantly more taxa and a higher abundance of macrobenthos. Assemblages within tidal flats differed at scales of 100s of m for all ecological measures. Most notably, beta diversity was highest at this scale. Assemblages were relatively more homogeneous at the 20-m scale. These findings highlight the value of examining more than one ecological measure and estimating magnitude of effects across a variety of scales. This work presents two important considerations for MPAs. First, although tidal flats in different estuaries are compositionally similar for dominant taxa, rarer taxa and high heterogeneity in abundance should influence the choice and number of tidal flats in MPAs. Second, strong compositional heterogeneity within individual tidal flats implies that conservation of whole habitat, rather than sections of a tidal flat, is essential if this habitat type is to be used to represent taxonomic diversity. 相似文献
17.
结合国土空间规划与耕地质量自相关属性优化耕地保护空间布局，对于耕地质量提升、保障粮食安全具有重要意义。该研究采用改进空间自相关模型，将生态环境作为耕地质量空间相关性分析框架的"第四维"，从地块尺度模拟位于"三线"内地块耕地质量指数的空间自相关性，据此提出优化耕地保护空间布局的方案。结果表明：1）高淳区高质量耕地呈现出东部集中连片、西部零散分布的特征，低质量耕地集中分布在高淳东部，各耕地自然指数均呈现出"西高东低"的特征。2）各耕地质量指数正、负相关型分别与高、低质量耕地的空间高度吻合，均表现出较强正相关性的空间聚集特征。自然质量、利用管理、经济价值及生态环境指数的Moran''s I值分别为0.79、0.92、0.89、0.77，空间集聚性从大到小的顺序为利用管理、经济价值、自然质量与生态环境指数。3）结合国土空间规划与耕地质量自相关优化耕地布局，永久基本农田新增968.15hm2，等级提升0.94，确定永久基本农田保护区、城镇发展缓冲区、生态环境保护区及综合调节区4个一级类与14个二级类。其中，永久基本农田保护区综合质量最优，耕地质量表现出较强的空间扩散效应，应禁止非农建设；城镇发展缓冲区耕地质量较差但区位优势突出，是城镇建设理想区；生态环境保护区耕地综合质量较差但生态优势明显，应开展生态防护工程，形成生态保护格网；综合调节区应判明耕地障碍因素的作用机理，有序开展田间整治，实现向永久基本农田的跃迁。 相似文献
18.
The use of characterisation data to establish the Indian mungbean core collection and assessment of genetic diversity 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A representative core set of well characterised Indian mungbean collection was developed using information on passport, characterisation and evaluation data. Initial diversity groups of the accessions comprising the whole collection were formed based on six major crop growing zones and a separate group for a few accessions from diverse exotic sources. Principal components score strategy was found to be most useful in maximising the selection inertia than strictly random sampling in all individual groups. A total of 152 accessions were extracted and the validity of their representativeness was established by comparing its diversity with that of the whole collection. Shannon diversity index for qualitative characters and certain statistical parameters for quantitative variables were used for measuring the diversity of the accessions in the core set and that of the whole collection. The representative core set was subjected to multivariate analysis for assessment of genetic diversity and also the variation patterns for discriminating among accessions to facilitate the users for easy accessibility, and effective and efficient utilisation of the material. 相似文献
19.
基于ZigBee技术的温室无线智能控制终端开发 总被引：14，自引：12，他引：14
针对温室农业控制的需要,开发了温室无线智能控制终端。该系统基于ZigBee无线网络,以Jennic公司生产的ZigBee无线微型控制器JN5139-M01模块为核心,整个无线传感器网络由无线生理生态监测节点、ZigBee温室无线智能控制终端和智能语音模块组成。无线传感器节点分布于温室的各个测量点执行各数据的采集、预处理和无线发送等工作,温室无线智能控制终端负责处理所有无线传感器节点采集的数据信息。智能语音模块能够根据采集到的信息及时提供生产指导建议。温室无线智能控制终端实现了对温室环境因子（土壤温度、叶片温度,光照、茎秆生长、土壤水分等）的数据采集和有效控制。通过试验验证,该系统运行稳定,并且操作简单,使用方便。 相似文献
20.
长江上游地区土地利用格局时空演变——以四川省宜宾市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]以四川省宜宾市为例,定量分析长江上游地区土地利用格局时空演变状况,为该区及类似区域的土地资源利用与开发以及生态安全评价提供参考与借鉴。[方法]综合利用GIS和景观生态学方法,以宜宾市2010,2015年地理国情监测数据为基础,分析宜宾市的土地利用时空变化及其对景观格局响应。[结果]宜宾市整体景观格局以耕地和林地为基质,其他景观镶嵌在其中。2010—2015年宜宾市土地利用格局总体变化明显,各类景观要素的相互转移比较频繁,研究区各类景观要素的形状复杂度、破碎化程度和聚集度等特征存在明显的差异性,基于景观要素的格局变化趋势,发现房屋建筑区、道路、水域的稳定性增强,而其他景观要素的稳定性下降。受城镇化建设和农业生产活动的影响,研究区整体景观格局向着均匀化方向发展,景观破碎化程度加深;同时,受垂直地带性的影响,海拔越高,景观破碎化程度越低、斑块形状越简单、景观优势度越大。[结论]今后对该地区的生态保护与城镇规划应结合土地利用格局与地区优势,分区治理,分区建设。减少生态功能区内人类活动,加强水源涵养功能保持和长江上游生态屏障建设;沿江重点开发区域,加强城市空间开发利用管制,促进该区域的可持续性发展。 相似文献