共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
氰戊菊酯施用于寄主幼虫对菜蛾绒茧蜂的致死和亚致死效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
25℃下,分别在菜蛾绒茧蜂产卵寄生后的第1、3、5、7天(幼蜂分别处于卵、初龄幼虫、中龄幼虫、末龄幼虫期)将20％氰戊菊酯乳油1000倍水溶液以喷雾法施用于被寄生的小菜蛾幼虫。第1天和第7天处理使蜂的存活率明显下降,第1天处理导致育出雌蜂的产卵量低于对照,而第3天和第5天处理使蜂存活率下降幅度相对较小,且第5天的处理引起育出雌蜂的产卵量高于对照。不同时间处理均显著延长了该蜂卵 幼虫的发育历期,其中以第5天延长最为显著。除第3天外,其余时间处理导致育出蜂个体小于对照,且以第1天和第7天处理影响更为显著。羽化雌蜂的寿命均短于对照。对存活率和产卵量进行综合分析表明,氰戊菊酯施用于寄主幼虫对菜蛾绒茧蜂幼蜂的影响随后者发育阶段不同而变化,卵、末龄幼虫期较初龄、中龄幼虫期受到的不利作用更大。 相似文献
2.
氰戊菊酯残留对菜蛾绒茧蜂成虫的致死和亚致死效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
室内测定了氰戊菊酯残留对菜蛾绒茧蜂成虫的致死和亚致死效应。结果发现,氰戊菊酯对菜蛾绒茧蜂成虫的毒力比对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的高10倍以上,因此可以肯定田间施用氰戊菊酯后,可以直接(喷雾)或间接(残留)杀死部分菜蛾绒茧蜂成虫。小菜蛾2龄幼虫LC_(50)剂量的氰戊菊酯残留显著降低了雌蜂的产卵量和供试小菜蛾幼虫的被寄生率,在氰戊菊酯残留存在的情况下,雌蜂的死亡率高于雄蜂,蜂子代存活率及性比显著低于对照。氰戊菊酯残留对菜蛾绒茧蜂的搜索行为也有显著的影响,雌蜂在叶片上停留的时间及用于搜索的时间均高于对照,表明残留对菜蛾绒茧蜂雌蜂的搜寻有刺激作用,但产卵寄生的发生次数与对照间无显著差异。文中对产生上述结果的原因进行了讨论。 相似文献
3.
《中国生物防治学报》2017,(6)
绿眼赛茧蜂Zele chlorophthalmus(Spinola)是寄生于草地螟Loxostege sticticalis L.幼虫的内寄生蜂,目前国内外对其生物学特性尚无报道。为了阐明绿眼赛茧蜂的生物学特性及其对草地螟的控制作用,本文在(23±1)℃、RH 70%±5%、光周期16L:8D的条件下测定了其发育历期、茧重、羽化和交配习性、成虫产卵、寄生能力和寿命,明确了其对寄主幼虫的功能反应及其对寄主幼虫的影响作用。结果表明,绿眼赛茧蜂卵-幼虫期为14.7 d,预蛹和蛹期为14.5 d,世代历期30.1 d,平均茧重18 mg。成虫羽化多集中在06:00―14:00,雄虫比雌虫早羽化2 d。成虫羽化当日即可交配,交配持续时间在59~168 s。成虫交配后很快产卵。雌蜂平均产卵历期10.8 d、产卵量为104粒,产卵高峰分别为羽化后的第3 d和第7 d。雌、雄蜂寿命分别为15.2和19.0 d。在5、10、15、20、25和30头/瓶(650 m L)密度下,绿眼赛茧蜂的寄生量随草地螟幼虫密度的增加而升高,但寄生率随寄主幼虫密度的增加而下降,对寄主幼虫密度的反应属HollingⅡ型。寄生后第1 d,寄主幼虫与未寄生幼虫的大小体重差异不显著,但在寄生后的第6 d和第12 d,前者的大小体重均显著小于后者的。另外,寄主幼虫的取食量比未寄生幼虫的少了约30%,且差异显著。这些研究结果与其他寄生蜂的生物学特性及对寄主种群的控害作用进行了比较分析,为研发绿眼赛茧蜂的室内繁殖和田间保护利用技术,以及评价其对草地螟的控害能力提供了重要的依据。 相似文献
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5.
斑痣悬茧蜂对受药寄主幼虫的选择性及其后代表现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究受到杀虫剂亚致死影响的寄主幼虫对寄生蜂的寄主选择及其子代蜂的影响,以容性寄生蜂斑痣悬茧蜂Meteorus pulchricornis为研究对象,以氯氰菊酯亚致死浓度处理的甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua4龄幼虫为寄主幼虫,进行非选择性和选择性试验。非选择性试验表明,斑痣悬茧蜂成功寄生（完成化蛹）的概率随受药寄主的体重增大而提高,而且受药寄主有效存活的概率亦随其体重增大而提高;与对照寄主相比,寄生蜂对受药寄主的寄生率降低60.2%、子代蜂发育历期显著延长、子代蜂体型（用后足胫节长度表示）显著增大。与来自对照寄主的子代蜂相比,来自受药寄主的子代蜂的寄生能力（用寄生率表示）未受影响,但其后代的结茧率降低10%、发育历期显著缩短、体型显著增大,说明羽化蜂的发育适合度得到了提高。选择性试验结果得出不一致的结论,根据对寄生蜂攻击次数的分析,未发现其在对照与受药寄主之间存在显著偏好;但根据第2次攻击的寄主识别期变量进行的风险分析,受药寄主被寄生风险显著低于对照寄主（低59.7%）,说明寄生蜂偏好攻击对照寄主幼虫。研究结果说明,斑痣悬茧蜂通过偏好体型较大的寄主幼虫,而减轻了受到杀虫剂亚致死效应的间接不良影响。结果表明该寄生蜂具有鉴别出接受亚致死杀虫剂不久的寄主幼虫的能力。 相似文献
6.
棉大卷叶螟绒茧蜂生物学特性观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在实验室条件下，以棉大卷叶螟幼虫为寄主，对其幼虫期的一种重要寄生蜂——卷叶螟绒茧蜂生物学特性进行了初步观察。结果表明，该蜂羽化高峰期为上午的6：00—10：00和下午的15：00—17：00；雌雄比为0．66：1；有92．6％的雌蜂当日交尾，且仅交尾1次；未交配的雌蜂也可产卵寄生，羽化成虫均为雄性。在17—33℃条件下，卷叶螟绒茧蜂成蜂寿命随着温度的升高而降低；提供蜂蜜水时寿命从17℃的12d降到33℃的2d，而清水对照的成蜂寿命从17℃的6d降到33℃下的不足1d。卷叶螟绒茧蜂既可以产卵寄生致棉大卷叶螟幼虫死亡。也可通过成蜂的产卵器刺破幼虫体壁并吮吸寄主体液而致害虫死亡。对雌蜂的寄生和取食行为进行了观察描述。 相似文献
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8.
瘦怒茧蜂Orgilus ischnus Marshall是草地螟Loxostege sticticalis L.初龄幼虫寄生蜂。为探究它的生物学特性及其对草地螟的控害作用,本文在23 ℃、16L：8D光周期条件下,以1龄草地螟幼虫为寄主,测定了瘦怒茧蜂的发育历期和茧重、成虫生殖行为特征、能力和寿命,研究了瘦怒茧蜂对草地螟幼虫的功能反应和寄生率,探究了寄主幼虫的取食量及虫体大小与正常幼虫的差异。结果表明,瘦怒茧蜂卵和幼虫期为12.8 d,预蛹和蛹期10.5 d,世代历期23.2 d,平均茧重为4.1 mg。成蜂羽化当天即可交配产卵寄生,属卵育型,平均交配时间为49 s,雌蜂平均产卵量为100.5粒,产卵高峰期分别为交配后第4 d和第8 d,雌、雄蜂寿命分别为11和14 d。在5～40头/瓶（650 mL）8个密度条件下,瘦怒茧蜂的寄生量随草地螟幼虫密度的增加而增加,当密度≥15头/瓶时,寄生率会随幼虫密度的增加而减小,功能反应属HollingⅡ型;寄主幼虫一生取食量为106.7 mg,仅为正常幼虫的21.3%,寄主幼虫第6和12 d的体重、大小均极显著低于正常幼虫。本文研究结果明确了瘦怒茧蜂基本的生物学特性,证明该蜂对草地螟控害作用显著,为改善、提高草地螟的可持续控制技术提供技术支撑。 相似文献
9.
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith),又称秋黏虫,是新入侵我国的外来物种。为探究本土天敌斑痣悬茧蜂寄生不同龄期草地贪夜蛾幼虫后的生长发育表现,本研究检测了斑痣悬茧蜂寄生2龄、3龄和4龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫后子代蜂幼虫发育历期、茧历期、羽化率、茧重、成蜂个体大小和成蜂寿命。结果表明,寄主龄期对子代蜂的幼虫发育历期、茧历期和成蜂寿命存在显著影响。与寄生4龄幼虫的子代蜂相比,寄生2龄和3龄幼虫的子代蜂幼虫发育历期分别平均延长了2.08 d(z=5.42,P0.05)和1.64 d(z=4.23,P0.05);寄生2龄幼虫的子代蜂茧历期平均延长了0.46 d(z=3.51,P0.05),但寄生4龄幼虫的子代蜂茧历期与寄生3龄幼虫的子代蜂茧历期无显著差异。4龄幼虫体内羽化的子代蜂成蜂寿命比在2龄和3龄幼虫体内羽化的子代蜂成蜂寿命分别平均延长了1.46 d(z=-2.60,P0.05)和1.68 d(z=-2.98,P0.05)。寄主龄期对子代蜂羽化率、茧重和成蜂个体大小无显著影响。随寄主龄期增大,子代蜂的发育速度加快,但寿命缩短。研究结果将为揭示斑痣悬茧蜂与寄主草地贪夜蛾的互作关系提供参考。 相似文献
10.
大兴安岭林区落叶松毛虫天敌初报 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1990～1991年,作者对大兴安岭林区落叶松毛虫西伯利亚亚种〔Dendrolimus superanssibiricus〕卵,幼虫、蛹和成虫的天敌进行了系统调查,经鉴定落叶松毛虫天敌24种,其中:寄生性昆虫8种,捕食性昆虫5种,食虫蜘蛛1种,食虫鸟6种,病原微生物4种。主要天敌种类有:松毛虫狭颊寄蝇〔Carcelia rasella〕,幼虫—蛹期寄生(幼虫期寄生,蛹期表现出来),1990年平均寄生率65%,1991年平均寄生率32.5%;落叶松毛虫黑卵蜂〔Telenomustetratomus〕,卵寄生,1990—1991年平均寄生率25%;松毛虫绒茧蜂〔Apanteles ordina-rius〕,幼虫寄生,1990—1991年平均寄生率为4.35%。 相似文献
11.
Recognizing the potential significance of using nuclear techniques in biological control, investigations were conducted on the rearing of parasitoids of the peach fruit-fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) to lead to a greater flexibility in the use of irradiated hosts. For improving mass production of the biological control agents, the use of irradiated fruit-fly larvae at the dose of 15 Gy proved useful for enhancing the parasitism and adult emergence of the larval parasitoid, Trybliographa daci (Weld) (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae) due to no negative repercussions on parasitoid development. Overall, parasitism by the parasitoid increased with age of the host larvae; however, significantly higher parasitism occurred on 4 d-old irradiated larvae of B. zonata compared to those aged 5 d. The female parasitoids preferred the irradiated larvae, and significantly higher numbers of larvae were parasitized compared with non-irradiated larvae. There was no significant difference in adult parasitoid emergence with respect to the sex of the host. A radiation level of 80 Gy was the best dose for rearing of the pupal parasitoid, Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) owing to broad tolerances in the use of irradiation for the rearing of fruit-fly's parasitoids. Percentage parasitism by D. giffardii varied with host pupal age, and the preference of the female parasitoid was lower on 48 h old host pharate pupae due to optimum size and mass of host. Present findings further revealed that the 24 h old host pupae of B. zonata were relatively more suitable for the maximum parasitism and progeny production of D. giffardii. Parasitisms by D. giffardii and T. daci were significantly higher on B. zonata host when parasitoids were released at a density of 3000 individuals per acre (7500 per hectares) than the other release rates of parasitoids for the management of fruit-flies in mango orchards. The implementation of these findings ought to help improve the mass production of parasitoids and the effectiveness of releases of biocontrol agents for control of B. zonata in mango plantations. 相似文献
12.
多杀菌素对不同发育阶段甜菜夜蛾的毒力及其体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对甜菜夜蛾的毒力测定结果表明,多杀菌素能显著降低其初孵幼虫的存活率、成虫的产卵量和成虫寿命。经6.25 μg/mL药液处理的卵,其初孵幼虫存活率仅为7.48％,而对照则为76.72％;取食12.50 μg/L药液的成虫,其产卵量和成虫寿命仅为取食蜂蜜水的1/6和1/2.5。随虫龄的增加,甜菜夜蛾幼虫对多杀菌素的敏感性显著降低,3龄、4龄幼虫的敏感性仅为2龄幼虫的1/9和1/16,且增效剂氧化胡椒基丁醚(PBO)与磷酸三苯酯(TPP)表皮点滴处理不表现增效作用。多杀菌素对甜菜夜蛾卵的孵化率、蛹重以及蛹的羽化率没有明显影响。亚致死剂量处理3龄幼虫后,其体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶等主要保护酶系的活性在处理后0~24 h与对照差异不明显,保护酶系与甜菜夜蛾对多杀菌素敏感性之间没有明显关系。 相似文献
13.
The toxicities of five pesticides commonly used in vegetable fields to the larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L) and its two major parasitoids, Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) and Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov), were evaluated in the laboratory using several bioassays. When tested at the rates recommended for field application by the manufacturer, fipronil, avermectin and chlorfluazuron produced over 95% mortality on third-instar larvae of P xylostella, but fenvalerate and methomyl did not produce any substantial mortality to such larvae, and over 70% of P xylostella larvae could still pupate normally after feeding on cabbage leaf treated with the two pesticides. In a residual contact assay with adult parasitoids, fipronil and methomyl caused over 93% mortality within 24 h; fenvalerate killed approximately 55% of the adults within 24 h; avermectin and chlorfluazuron showed differential toxicity to the two parasitoids. Avermectin was extremely harmful to O sokolowskii but slightly toxic to C plutellae, while chlorfluazuron was more toxic to C plutellae than to O sokolowskii. In the residue assay with cocoons of C plutellae and pupae of O sokolowskii developed within P xylostella pupae, treatments with pesticides did not reduce adult emergence. However, the mortality of C plutellae adults emerged from the fipronil-treated cocoons increased greatly within 24 h post-emergence; adults from the fenvalerate-treated cocoons parasitized less host larvae. Treatments with fenvalerate and methomyl significantly increased the mortality of O sokolowskii adults within 24 h post-emergence. Recommendations of choosing pesticides for the control of P xylostella are given. 相似文献
14.
Fabrizio Lisi Ramzi Mansour Carmelo Cavallaro Tuğcan Alınç Emanuele Porcu Michele Ricupero Lucia Zappalà Nicolas Desneux Antonio Biondi 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):5003-5014
Background
Although the pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae is used in conservative and augmentative biocontrol of Drosophila suzukii infestations, current pest management strategies mostly rely on multiple insecticide applications. In this context, the aim of the study was to investigate the baseline toxicity of nine insecticides on D. suzukii larvae and their multiple sublethal effects (LC10) on immature stages of the pest feeding on contaminated diet and T. drosophilae developing within the intoxicated host.Results
Chlorpyriphos and azadirachtin showed the lowest and the highest LC10, the values of which were 9.78 × 1013 and 1.46 × 103 times lower than their recommended label field rate, respectively. Among tested insecticides, imidacloprid, malathion and dimethoate were the only treatments that did not affect the juvenile development time of D. suzukii, while spinosad and the organophosphates chlorpyriphos and dimethoate did not influence fly pupal size. No sublethal effects were recorded on T. drosophilae degree of infestation (DI) and juvenile development time. On the contrary, cyazypyr and dimethoate negatively affected the success of parasitism (SP) and the number of progeny of the pupal parasitoid, in association with malathion for the first parameter and spinosad for the fertility. Compared to the untreated control, more female progeny emerged following azadirachtin exposure, while dimethoate caused the opposite effect. Imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin and spinetoram decreased hind tibia length of emerged parasitoids.Conclusion
This study provides new insights on the (eco)toxicological profile of nine insecticides and new information needed to support the deployment of T. drosophilae in the field within the sustainable management techniques against D. suzukii. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献15.
The effects of sublethal dosages of insecticides applied to Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach (Homoptera: Aphidiidae) on the insecticide susceptibility of the surviving endoparasitoids, Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), were studied in Shangjie, Minhou, China. The susceptibility to methamidophos and the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to methamidophos and dichlorvos in the adults of host insects were substantially lower than those in the two parasitoids. The host insects were treated with sublethal dosages of methamidophos in P. xylostella and of methamidophos and avermectin in L. erysimi. The cocoon formation in the two parasitoids decreased significantly, from 35.0% (control) to 13.0% (with methamidophos treatment) for C. plutellae; from 20.6% (control) to 9.0% (with methamidophos treatment) and from 24.3% (control) to 16.7% (with avermectin treatment) for D. rapae. The susceptibility to methamidophos of the resultant emerging adults of the two parasitoids was found to be significantly lower than that of the control when the parasitoids were left in contact with the same dosages of methamidophos. The average AChE activity inhibition by methamidophos and dichlorvos in 34-60 adults of the two parasitoids that emerged from the treatments (15.1% and 31.8% respectively for C. plutellae, and 21.1% and 26.9% for D. rapae) was also significantly lower than those of the controls (55.4% and 48.3% respectively for C. plutellae, and 42.9% and 51.7% for D. rapae). The bimolecular rate constant (k(i)) values of AChE to methamidophos and dichlorvos in the adults of parasitoids without the insecticide treatment were 1.78 and 1.56 times as high as those that emerged from the host insects treated with methamidophos for C. plutellae, and 1.91 and 1.66 times as high as those in the case of D. rapae. It is suggested that there is a difference in AChE sensitivity to insecticides between the resultant emerging parasitoids with and without insecticide pretreatment. Furthermore, the introduction of the insecticides to the host insects could be an important factor in the insecticide resistance development of the endoparasitoids. The natural selectivity would favour the parasitoids that had developed an insensitivity to the insecticide(s). 相似文献
16.
Tomoko Takeda 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2006,86(1):15-22
Insecticidal tests using diazinon showed that the mortality of Plutella xylostella larvae parasitized by Cotesia plutellae was reduced by 4.6-fold compared to that of the nonparasitized hosts. The use of chemicals with synergistic effect to insecticides in toxicity assay helps to elucidate the kind of enzyme involved in lowering insect mortality. Synergism of diethyl maleate and piperonyl butoxide with diazinon resulted to 2.4- and 1.9-fold increase, respectively, in susceptibility of parasitized larvae compared to those of nonparasitized larvae. These results indicated the possibility that the decrease in susceptibility to diazinon was due to the elevated activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP), respectively. The GST activities in parasitized larvae were significantly higher than those of nonparasitized ones starting from three days post-parasitization until emergence of parasitoid larva. High GST activities during late parasitism could be attributed to both enzyme activities toward diazinon of parasitized P. xylostella larva itself and C. plutellae larva inside larval host. High GST activity one day after parasitization, although statistical significance was not detected, was caused by polydnavirus (PDV) and the venom of C. plutellae not by parasitoid larvae. Artificial injection of PDV plus venom demonstrated that the resulting increase in GST activity is similar to the increase brought by parasitization. High CYP activity after 3 days post-parasitization in parasitized larva was attributed mainly to the activity of parasitoid larva. Carboxylesterase activity in the parasitized host remained at a high level, while that in the nonparasitized host decreased slightly as pupation approaches. On the other hand, acetylcholinesterase activity also remained constant after parasitization until larval emergence, while that of the nonparasitized hosts decreased gradually as the host larvae approach pupation. These results were supported by inhibition tests using diazoxon in vitro. 相似文献
17.
M.?M. Matter M.?A. Gesraha A.?A.?I. Ahmed N.?A. Farag 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2002,19(2):13-18
A new technique was performed to simulate exposure of the host Pieris rapae larvae to both botanical treatment and the parasitoid Hyposoter eheninus in different sequences. It was found that: host larvae subjected to both parasitoid and 1% neem treatment showed significant or insignificant reductions both in pupal formation as well as adult emergence percentages when treatment preceded or followed parasitism, respectively. Both neem treatments revealed significant prolongation in the development of unparasitized and parasitized larvae (on average 4 to 5 days delay), whereas chinaberry caused significant prolongation only among parasitized larvae (on average 2.7 days delay in egg-larval duration). Fate of parasitism among untreated hosts was found to be faster than among neem-treated ones. Parasitism percentages among 1 and 0.5% neem-treated third instar host larvae held 7 days before parasitism reached 3 and 2 times that achieved among those reared on untreated diet for the same period, respectively.It was concluded that prolongation of the preferred target instars of the host, due to neem treatments, increased the chance for parasitism. Nevertheless, treatment with neem at the LC50 level exhibited a great reduction in parasitoid progeny. However, a lower concentration (LC25) could reasonably potentiate parasitism without drastic losses in parasitoid emergence. 相似文献
18.
氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾亚致死效应的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨亚致死剂量氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾2、3龄幼虫的亚致死效应,为氯虫苯甲酰胺的合理使用提供依据。采用药膜法确定氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾2龄和3龄幼虫的亚致死剂量(LC25、LC40),以试虫死亡率、取食量、化蛹时间、蛹重、羽化率为指标研究其对小菜蛾的亚致死效应。与对照相比,亚致死剂量氯虫苯甲酰胺处理的小菜蛾除死亡率显著增高外,幼虫生长明显受到抑制,幼虫至化蛹平均历期显著延长,取食量、蛹重和化蛹率明显降低。结果表明亚致死剂量氯虫苯甲酰胺对小菜蛾种群增长有一定抑制作用,对小菜蛾综合防治策略的制定有积极意义。 相似文献