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1.
The transfer of fresh and frozen embryos in an elite swamp buffalo herd   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
To investigate the development of fresh and frozen swamp buffalo embryos after transfer to synchronized recipients, 14 fresh embryos and 28 frozen embryos, collected from Thai swamp buffalo cows of an elite herd at the Surin Breeding Center, were transferred nonsurgically to 31 synchronized recipients buffalo cows. One fresh embryo was transferred to each of 14 recipients. Twenty eight frozen embryos were transferred to 17 recipients of which 7 cows received I embryo, 9 cows received 2 embryos and 1 cow received 3 embryos. Pregnancy was diagnosed by real time B-mode ultrasonography one month after transfer and confirmed by rectal palpation one and two months later. The pregnant cows were kept under observation until calving. The results of fresh embryo transfer showed that 5/14 (35.7%) were pregnant after 30 days, 4/14 (28.6%) remained pregnant until the 3rd month and 2/14 (14.3%) calved. With the frozen embryos, only one cow which received three embryos became pregnant and remained so for 3 months although the embryo did not survive to full term. The overall pregnancy rate using frozen embryos was 5.9% (1/17). The study demonstrated the possibility of performing embryo transfer in elite buffalo herds for genetic improvement, however the use of frozen embryos needed further investigation.  相似文献   

2.
The present study aimed at assessing the status of the Chilika buffalo population of eastern India employing cytogenetic and molecular markers. The Chilika buffaloes investigated cytogenetically possess a somatic chromosome count of 50, identical to that of typical riverine buffaloes. Various diversity estimates, viz. observed number of alleles (4.68), effective number of alleles (2.79), and observed (0.487) and expected (0.602) heterozygosity across 25 heterologous microsatellite markers indicated the presence of a moderate level of genetic diversity in Chilika buffaloes, comparable with three other prominent Indian riverine buffalo breeds (Murrah, Nagpuri and Toda) included in this study. Across the four buffalo populations, mean estimates of F -statistics from Jackknifing over loci were significantly different from zero (p < 0.05), with F IT (total inbreeding estimate) = 0.315 ± 0.038, F IS (within-population inbreeding estimate) = 0.178 ± 0.038, and F ST (population differentiation) = 0.166 ± 0.025. Inter-breed analysis reflected Chilika buffaloes to be genetically close to Nagpuri followed by Murrah and Toda buffaloes. Factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) revealed low breed-specific clustering of Chilika and Nagpuri buffaloes. Additionally, the neighbour-joining tree structure of mitochondrial DNA D-loop haplotypes indicated clear grouping of the Chilika haplotypes with the riverine buffalo. Thus the cytogenetic, microsatellite and mitochondrial data analysed in the present study classify Chilika buffalo of eastern India to be of the riverine type and not swamp-type buffalo.  相似文献   

3.
The influence of a dietary supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) during the first and the second phase of lactation on dry matter (DM) intake, organic matter digestibility, milk yield and quality and haematological profile was evaluated in buffalo cows. Lactating buffaloes (n = 190), 118.7 days in milk (DIM), were randomly divided into Group C (control, n = 95) and Group T (fed diet supplemented with 98 billion CFU of S. cerevisiae, n = 95). Eight buffaloes for each group (Groups T1 and C1), 85.4 DIM, were used to study the in vivo digestibility and the haematological profile. No differences were found for DM intake (16.5 kg·day− 1) and haematological profile. The SC supplementation increased milk yield (7.9 ± 0.2 vs. 7.4 ± 0.2; P < 0.01) but did not affect milk fat and protein. SC supplementation increased OM digestibility, mainly, in the first phase of lactation (< 135 days), thus allowing a higher energy availability for milk yield and reduced fat mobilization.  相似文献   

4.
为了解决克隆水牛技术在供核细胞、受体细胞中的选用问题,探索不同条件对移植受孕的影响,完善克隆技术的理论体系。试验以摩拉奶水牛的耳成纤维细胞作为供核细胞,本地水牛卵母细胞为受体胞质进行细胞克隆构建重组胚胎;将发育5～10 d的重组胚胎移植于本地水牛、杂交水牛的子宫内,观察不同发情方式、胚胎类型、胚龄及季节对移植受孕的影响。结果表明:水牛的克隆胚胎妊娠率较低,分别为12.05%、12.04%、13.95%。自然发情和同期发情对克隆胚胎移植受胎率的影响差异不显著;鲜胚胎移植186头,受胎22头,受胎率为11.83%(22/186);冻胚胎移植174头,受胎23头,受胎率为13.22%(23/174)。克隆水牛从出生至12月龄体尺增长明显高于本地水牛;水牛克隆胚胎移植受胎在秋季最好,秋季受胎数占全年的53.33%,显著高于其他季节。  相似文献   

5.
In this study, buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) gene has been characterized by sequence analysis and detecting polymorphism. Complete ORF of buffalo TLR8 gene was amplified using the RNA isolated from spleen tissue, which was found to be 3,102 nucleotides long encoding a 1,033 amino acid protein. Buffalo TLR8 had 10 nucleotide changes as compared to other livestock species resulting in six unique amino acid changes, four of them lying within leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. As compared to cattle (Bos indicus and Bos taurus), out of fifteen cysteine residues, fourteen were conserved and Cys at position 521 was replaced by Arg. Nine of the LRR domains had no amino acid change as compared to cattle, whereas LRR-C-terminus had maximum, five amino acid changes. Sequence characterization of 12 riverine and swamp buffaloes revealed presence of four polymorphic nucleotides, two of them were non-synonymous, one synonymous and one site in 3′UTR. PCR-RFLP genotyping of non-synonymous SNP 2758A>G (ILeu920Val) in Toll–interleukin-1 receptor domain of 463 swamp and riverine buffaloes showed a higher frequency of allele A in swamp (95 %) as compared to riverine (9.84 %) buffaloes.  相似文献   

6.
This study analysed buffaloes from north‐east India and compared their nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variations with buffaloes of mainland India, China, Mediterranean and South‐East Asia. Microsatellite genotypes of 338 buffaloes including 210 from six north‐east Indian buffalo populations and three mainland Indian breeds were analysed to evaluate their genetic structure and evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic analysis and multidimensional scaling plot of pairwise FST revealed the clustering of all swamp‐type buffaloes of north‐east India with Lower Assamese (significantly hybrid type) buffaloes in one plane and all the mainland river buffaloes in another plane while the upper Assamese buffaloes being distinct from both these clusters. Analysis of mtDNA D‐loop region of 530‐bp length was performed on 345 sequences belonging to 23 buffalo populations from various geographical regions to establish the phylogeography of Indian water buffalo. The swamp buffaloes of north‐east India clustered with both the lineages of Chinese swamp buffalo. Multidimensional scaling display of pairwise FST derived from mitochondrial DNA data showed clustering of upper Assamese, Chilika and Mediterranean buffaloes distinctly from all the other Indian buffalo populations. Median‐joining network analysis further confirmed the distinctness and ancestral nature of these buffaloes. The study revealed north‐east region of India forming part of the wider hybrid zone of water buffalo that may probably extend from north‐east India to South‐East Asia.  相似文献   

7.
The primary aim of the present study was to establish whether the treatment with a GnRH agonist on Day 5 after AI may result in the formation of an accessory corpus luteum, greater progesterone secretion, and the increased likelihood of pregnancy success in buffaloes. The study was conducted during a period of increasing daylight length when progesterone secretion is suppressed and embryonic mortality is relatively high in buffaloes. In Experiment 1, treatment with a GnRH agonist (buserelin, 12 μg) on Day 5 after AI induced acute increases in circulating concentrations of LH, FSH and oestradiol-17β. Pregnant buffaloes (n = 14) at Day 40 following AI showed an increase (P < 0.01) in milk whey progesterone concentration between Day 5 (310 ± 55 pg/ml) and Day 15 (424 ± 50 pg/ml). The non-pregnant buffaloes (n = 7) showed a decrease (P < 0.01) in progesterone level from Day 5 (410 ± 87 pg/ml) to Day 15 (188 ± 30 pg/ml) following AI. In Experiment 2, the treatment with buserelin (12 μg) on Day 5 after AI induced ovulation in 62% of the buffaloes (31/50) and these buffaloes showed a progressive increase in milk whey progesterone concentration on Day 10, 15 and 20 of pregnancy. Buffaloes that did not ovulate, recorded a relatively constant milk whey progesterone level from Day 10 to Day 20 following AI. Milk whey progesterone concentrations increased after the administration of the GnRH agonist in 97% of the pregnant buffaloes and 68% of the non-pregnant buffaloes. The diameter of the largest follicle in buffaloes that ovulated (ovulated n = 31) (8.9 ± 0.04 mm; range 4.2 – 13.0 mm) did not differ significantly from the diameter of the largest follicle in buffaloes that did not ovulate (not ovulate n = 19) (8.7 ± 0.04 mm; range: 4.0 – 12.0 mm). The latter observation suggested that notional ovulatory size follicles in buffaloes are heterogeneous with respect to stage of follicle maturation and capacity to respond to plasma LH. The present study showed that treatment with a GnRH agonist on Day 5 following AI provides a strategy to increase progesterone secretion and the likelihood of pregnancy in buffaloes mated during periods of increasing daylight length.  相似文献   

8.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous progesterone supplementation on superovulatory response in buffaloes that has undergone a multiple ovulation program. Fourteen Mediterranean buffaloes were divided into two groups and received a 4-day decreasing dosage of an equal mixture of 500 IU of FSH and LH starting on day 8 of the cycle. In group A (n = 7) a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device was removed on day 8, whereas in group B (n = 7) it was left till day 10, when PGF2a {\hbox{PG}}{{\hbox{F}}_{{2}\alpha }} was administered. Eighty hours later, buffaloes were artificially inseminated and after 6 days they undergone uterine flushing. A higher (P < 0.05) number of corpora lutea (8.3 vs. 5.7) and embryo/flushing/buffalo (2.3 vs. 1.3) were recorded in group B vs. group A if responsive buffaloes are considered (n = 12) and the number of corpora lutea was highly correlated with the number of embryos (r = 0.65; P < 0.05). In conclusion, progesterone supplementation during the first 2 days of the superovulation treatment seems to enhance the recovery rate in buffalo species. A high ovulation rate, associated with a high number of corpora lutea, can represent a parameter for estimating embryo recovery.  相似文献   

9.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate changes in concentrations of free insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I in follicular fluid (FFL) during follicle development in the mare. Mares (n = 14) were classified as either in the follicular phase (n = 8) or luteal phase (n = 6). Follicles (n = 92) were categorized as small (6–15 mm; n = 54), medium (16–25 mm; n = 23) or large (>25 mm; n = 15) and FFL was collected. Free IGF-I levels in FFL in large follicles of follicular phase mares were greater (P < 0.05) than in large follicles of luteal phase mares and small or medium follicles of luteal and follicular phase mares. Free IGF-I concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in large follicles of luteal phase mares than small but not medium follicles of luteal phase mares. FFL ratio of estradiol:progesterone paralleled changes in free IGF-I. Free IGF-I concentrations were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-2, -4 and -5 but not IGFBP-3 levels. In addition, free IGF-I concentrations in FFL were positively correlated (P < 0.01) with FFL estradiol, progesterone, androstenedione, estradiol:progesterone ratio, total IGF-I and total IGF-II. We conclude that increases in intrafollicular levels of bioavailable (free) IGF-I are associated with increased steroidogenesis in developing mare follicles.  相似文献   

10.
The present study aimed at identifying single-nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) sites in different coding and non-coding regions of lactoferrin gene in Indian riverine buffaloes. A total of 102 animals from six different river buffalo breeds were screened at six bubaline lactoferrin gene loci. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis revealed monomorphic patterns at three loci LtfE2, LtfE11, and LtfE14 while a total of eight distinct patterns were observed in the other three loci viz. LtfE5, LtfE10, and LtfE16 which correspond to respective exons and their flanking regions. Sequence analysis of different SSCP variants revealed the presence of two SNP sites within the coding (exon 16) region and five SNP sites in flanking non-coding regions (intron 4 and intron 9). Both SNPs within exon 16 were found to be synonymous. The SNPs and haplotypes identified in the present study could serve as potential markers for association with susceptibility/resistance to mastitis in buffaloes.  相似文献   

11.
A malignant catarrhal fever-like syndrome in indonesian swamp buffalo was experimentally transmitted to one of 2 Bos indicus and 3 of 3 Bos javanicus cattle by intravenous inoculation of 250 ml of citrated, whole blood from affected buffaloes. The 4 cattle developed clinical signs of disease on average 32.5 days after receiving the inoculation of blood. The 4 cattle died after a variable period of illness. None of a further 3 B. javanicus cattle inoculated intravenously with a spleen homogenate prepared from another affected buffalo developed the disease. The experimental disease was clinically and pathologically similar to the natural disease in buffaloes although differences were noted. Attempts to adapt the agent to mice, guinea pigs and rabbits failed. A cytopathic agent (Japanese encephalitis virus) was isolated from the spleen of one buffalo with clinical signs but was not considered significant. Sixty-three B. indicus, 7 B. javanicus (and 6 of their crosses), 3 B. taurus and 4 Bubalus bubalis (Murrah buffalo) were kept in the same quarters where 50 of 177 swamp buffaloes died between September 1979 and May 1982. Four of the 7 B. javanicus cattle developed the clinical signs of disease and died. All the other cattle in contact remained healthy.  相似文献   

12.
Swamp buffalos are becoming endangered due to reproductive inefficiencies. This is of concern because many countries depend heavily on their products. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a potential strategy for preserving endangered species. To date, SCNT in swamp buffalo has succeeded in the creation of blastocyst embryos. However, development to term of SCNT swamp buffalos is extremely limited, and only 1 live birth has been reported. An abnormal epigenetic mechanism is suspected to be the cause of developmental failure, as is also seen in other species. The DNA methylation and histone acetylation are key players in epigenetic modification and display marked variability during embryonic preimplantation development. Knowledge of epigenetic modifications will aid in solving the developmental problems of SCNT embryos and improving reproductive technology in the swamp buffalo. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between preimplantation embryonic development and 2 epigenetic patterns, global DNA methylation and histone acetylation, in SCNT and in vitro-fertilized (IVF) swamp buffalo embryos. In addition, we examined the correlations between those 2 mechanisms in the SCNT and IVF swamp buffalo embryos throughout the developmental stages using double immunostaining and quantification of the emission intensities using confocal microscopy. We discovered an aberrant methylation pattern in early preimplantation-stage swamp buffalo SCNT embryos. In addition, greater variability in the DNA methylation levels among nuclei within SCNT embryos was discovered. Hyperacetylation was also observed in SCNT embryos compared with IVF embryos at the 4- and 8-cell stages (P < 0.05). Dynamic changes and interplay between these 2 epigenetic mechanisms could be crucial for embryonic development during the early preimplantation period. The aberrancies uncovered here may contribute to the low efficiency of SCNT.  相似文献   

13.
[目的]探究引入广西南宁的尼里-拉菲水牛和摩拉水牛的mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性与母系起源。[方法]采用PCR扩增、测序及生物信息学方法。[结果]对从广西南宁采集的52个江河型水牛（尼里-拉菲水牛25个,摩拉水牛27个）mtDNA D-loop序列与GenBank下载的20条尼里-拉菲水牛和23条摩拉水牛序列进行联合分析,共检测到112个变异位点,定义42个单倍型,发现摩拉水牛（Hd: 0.934±0.027）与尼里-拉菲水牛的遗传多样性（Hd: 0.929±0.017）都很丰富。NJ系统发育树显示尼里-拉菲水牛和摩拉水牛含有江河型和沼泽型水牛mtDNA支系,表明尼里-拉菲水牛和摩拉水牛引入中国后均与沼泽型水牛进行了杂交,在外貌上很难区分。[结论]引入广西南宁的尼里-拉菲水牛和摩拉水牛与沼泽型水牛存在广泛的血缘混杂现象。  相似文献   

14.
Buffalo meat is tasty and indistinguishable from beef, and has been described as being lean and low in cholesterol in comparison with beef. However, little is known about the plasma hormone and metabolic profiles related to fat metabolism in buffalo, and how their levels are affected by species and sex. In this study levels of plasma hormones and metabolites were compared between species and sexes. Ten growing crossbred Brahman cattle and ten growing crossbred buffaloes (five males and five females in each), with an average age of 22 months were used. The animals were fed on an experimental diet composed of corn silage, brewer's spent grain and a concentrate mixture at a 50:30:20 ratio on a dry matter basis during a fattening period of 6 months. Blood samples were collected every month during the experiment, and were analysed for plasma leptin, insulin, glucose, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations. Plasma leptin, insulin and TC concentrations increased during fattening and were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in cattle than in buffaloes. These concentrations in cattle showed a big difference between sexes in comparison with buffaloes, and were higher in females than in males. The plasma glucose and TG concentrations did not differ (P > 0.05) between cattle and buffaloes.

The crude fat content of longissimus muscle was significantly higher in cattle than in buffalo. Differences in body fat deposition seem to have an influence on plasma leptin, insulin and TC concentrations differently between cattle and buffaloes.  相似文献   


15.
家养水牛催乳素基因外显子2多态性及其群体遗传特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
催乳素基因(prolactin gene,PRL)被视为与水牛产奶性状相关的重要候选基因,目前还未见有水牛PRL基因外显子2遗传特征的报道。本研究采用PCR-SSCP及PCR产物直接测序技术,检测了12个沼泽型水牛群体和3个河流型水牛群体共581个样本PRL基因外显子2的遗传变异。结果:水牛PRL基因外显子2由182个核苷酸组成,编码61个氨基酸,在进化上高度保守,测序结果显示沼泽型水牛群体中PRL基因外显子2有c.G192A替换,为同义替换,与泌乳性状之间没有显著相关性。在12个沼泽型水牛群体中均检测到该多态位点,PG基因频率在0.719～0.897之间,群体平均值为0.785±0.015,该基因为优势等位基因。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测显示,10个沼泽型水牛群体处于平衡状态,而德宏水牛群体和福安水牛群体处于不平衡状态。在3个河流型水牛群体中,第192位碱基均为G,未检测到G>A替换。  相似文献   

16.
We report the genetic structure and evolutionary relationship of the endangered Toda buffalo of Nilgiris in South India with Kanarese and two other riverine buffalo breeds. The upgma phylogeny drawn using Nei’s distance grouped South Kanara and Toda buffaloes at a single node while Marathwada and Murrah together formed a separate node. Principal component analysis was performed with pairwise interindividual chord distances which revealed clustering of Murrah and Marathwada buffaloes distinctly, while individuals of Toda and South Kanara breeds completely intermingled with each other. Furthermore, there were highly significant group variances (p < 0.01) when the breeds were grouped based on phylogeny, thus revealing the existence of cryptic genetic structure within these buffalo breeds. To know the evolutionary relationship among these breeds, 537‐bp D‐loop region of mitochondrial DNA was analysed. The phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA haplotypes following NJ algorithm with Chinese swamp buffalo as outgroup revealed a major cluster that included haplotypes from all the four investigated breeds and two minor clusters formed by South Kanara and Toda haplotypes. Reduced median network analysis revealed haplotypes of South Kanara and Toda to be quite distinct from the commonly found haplotypes indicating that these might have been ancestral to all the present‐day haplotypes. Few mutations in two of the haplotypes of South Kanara buffalo were found to have contributed to ancestral haplotypes of Toda buffalo suggesting the possible migration of buffaloes from Kanarese region towards Nilgiris along the Western Ghats. Considering the close social, economic and cultural association of Todas with their buffaloes, the present study supports the theory of migration of Toda tribe from Kanarese/Mysore region along with their buffaloes.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of cryopreservation of inter‐subspecies cloned embryos in buffalo. In our experiment, river buffalo ear fibroblast nucleus was fused into swamp buffalo oocyte cytoplasm. The blastocyst formation rate for nuclear transfer of freshly thawed cells was not different from those of growing cells, confluent or serum‐starved cells. A total of 122 cloned blastocysts derived from cryopreserved fibroblasts were cryopreserved and thawed, 37 were survived, the cryosurvival rate was 30.3%. The survived blastocysts were transferred into 15 recipient buffalos. Five of the recipients established pregnancy, but four of them aborted on day 53, 59, 145 and 179 of gestation respectively. One cross‐bred buffalo (Murrah × Swamp buffalo (2n = 49) received three embryos delivered a 40.5 kg female calf by natural delivery on day 320 of gestation. Up to now (13‐month old), the cloned calf has been growing well with no abnormity observed. These results demonstrated that cryopreservation of inter‐subspecies cloned embryos is feasible to produce buffalo offspring.  相似文献   

18.
The likelihood ratio (LR) is a measure of association that quantifies how many more times likely a particular test result is from an infected animal compared to one that is uninfected. They are ratios of conditional probabilities and cannot be interpreted at the individual animal level without information concerning pretest probabilities. Their usefulness is that they can be used to update the prior belief that the individual has the outcome of interest through a modification of Bayes’ theorem. Bayesian analytic techniques can be used for the evaluation of diagnostic tests and estimation of LRs when information concerning a gold standard is not available. As an example, these techniques were applied to the estimation of LRs for a competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) for diagnosis of Brucella abortus infection in cattle and water buffalo in Trinidad.

Sera from four herds of cattle (n = 391) and four herds of water buffalo (n = 381) in Trinidad were evaluated for Brucella-specific antibodies using a c-ELISA. On the basis of previous serologic (agglutination) test results in the same animals, iterative simulation modeling was used to classify animals as positive or negative for Brucella infection. LRs were calculated for six categories of the c-ELISA proportion inhibition (PI) results pooled for cattle and water buffalo and yielded the following estimations (95% probability intervals): <0.10 PI, 0.05 (0–0.13); 0.10–0.249 PI, 0.11 (0.04–0.20); 0.25–0.349 PI, 0.77 (0.23–1.63); 0.35–0.499 PI, 3.22 (1.39–6.84); 0.50–0.749 PI, 17.9 (6.39–77.4); ≥0.75 PI, 423 (129–∞). LRs are important for calculation of post-test probabilities and maintaining the quantitative nature of diagnostic test results.  相似文献   


19.
Leptin gene has been found to be associated with various economic traits including milk production and fat quality in dairy animals. In the present study, we investigated genetic variations in intron 1 region of leptin gene in riverine buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing methods and associated them with milk traits. The study revealed three SSCP variants A, B and C among a total of 301 buffaloes from nine breeds. The frequency of variant C was found invariably high among all the breeds except in Marathwada buffalo. Variant A was found to be absent in Chilika, Nili-Ravi, Nagpuri and Pandharpuri breeds and also had the lowest frequencies in Mehsana, Jaffarabadi, Murrah and Toda breeds. Sequencing of SSCP variants revealed a total of five polymorphic sites, with three haplotypes. Statistical analysis revealed significantly high fat percentage at 150?days in SSCP variant B in Mehsana buffaloes. However, the associations of SSCP variants of leptin gene with total milk yield, 305?days milk yield and total fat yield were found to be non-significant. The present study is the first report on association analysis of leptin gene polymorphisms with milk production and milk quality traits in river buffalo.  相似文献   

20.
[目的]为了解意大利地中海水牛冻精的授精效果及其在我国生长适应情况。[方法]利用国内首次引进意大利地中海水牛冻精与我国现有的摩拉、尼里——拉菲和本地水牛进行人工授精,试验选取自然发情的摩拉水牛20头,尼里水牛16头,本地水牛32头,年龄在2.5~9岁之间,采用直肠把握子宫角深部输精法,配种后40 d应用B超进行早期妊娠诊断怀孕情况。[结果]：摩拉、尼里——拉菲和本地水牛受胎率分别为50.00%、75.00%、56.25%,平均人工授精配种受胎率为58.82%,品种间人工授精受胎率差异不显著（P〉0.1）。[结论]表明引进地中海水牛冻精开展杂交组合,改良我国现有的水牛品种,提高其生产性能是切实可行的。  相似文献   

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