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1.
南瓜叶枯病病原菌生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对南瓜叶枯病病原菌瓜链格孢（Alternaria cucumerina）进行了生物学特性研究,结果表明：温度、pH、光照对其生长和产孢都有一定的影响。该病原菌菌丝生长、产孢和萌发的适宜温度为28 ℃,pH为7时菌丝生长最快,pH为8时最易产孢。25 ℃下连续黑暗培养产孢最多。碳、氮源对菌丝生长和产孢量有一定的影响,碳源中甘露醇组菌丝生长最快,山梨醇处理产孢量最多。氮源中牛肉浸膏最适宜菌丝生长和产孢,硫酸铵最差。该菌致死温度为50 ℃。 相似文献
2.
苜蓿炭疽病是各苜蓿种植区分布较广的毁灭性病害。毁灭刺盘孢(Colletotrichum destructivum)是苜蓿炭疽病的主要病原菌之一。本试验研究了培养基、碳源、氮源、温度、pH、光照、湿度对毁灭刺盘孢菌菌丝生长、分生孢子产生和萌发的影响。结果表明:该菌菌丝适宜生长的培养基为PDA、PSA和V-8汁;适宜温度范围为28~36℃,最适温度为32℃;适宜pH范围为4~6。该病菌在PDA培养基上,分别以麦芽糖和蛋白胨为碳、氮源,在28℃,pH 6的条件下培养时其产孢能力最强。孢子萌发的最适碳、氮源分别为可溶性淀粉和牛肉膏、蛋白胨;最佳温度28℃;最适pH为6。相对湿度98%以上有利于孢子的萌发。持续光照利于菌丝生长、产孢和萌发。 相似文献
3.
水葫芦生防菌Cercospora piaropi菌株BA-57的生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
尾孢菌属的Cercospora piaropi是一种水葫芦生防真菌,有潜力被开发成为防除水葫芦的真菌除草剂。本试验研究了该菌BA-57菌株的生物学特性。结果表明,BA-57菌丝生长、产孢和孢子萌发的最适温度都为30℃,最适pH分别为7.6、10.0和9.0。光照处理对BA-57的菌丝生长以及产孢量无显著影响,而全黑暗有利于孢子萌发。碳源中,甘露醇最适于BA-57菌丝生长,而葡萄糖和蔗糖有利于BA-57产孢。BA-57菌丝生长和产孢的最佳氮源都是硝酸钠。蛋白胨和玉米粉对BA-57的孢子萌发有促进作用。湿度条件,在水滴中BA-57的孢子萌发率最高。 相似文献
4.
研究了哈氏虫道真菌（Ambrosiella hartigii）的生物学特性。结果表明, 哈氏虫道真菌菌丝生长和产孢均以PDA为最佳培养基, 菌丝生长以甘露醇为碳源、KNO3为氮源最佳, 产孢以蔗糖为碳源、甘氨酸为氮源最佳。菌丝生长和产孢的温度范围分别为10~30 ℃和20~30 ℃, 最适温均为25 ℃, 最适pH为6。菌丝生长、产孢和分生孢子萌发需要黑暗条件。分生孢子萌发最适温度为24~28 ℃, 致死温度为46 ℃10 min, 适宜pH为5.0~6.0。分生孢子在水中不萌发。 相似文献
5.
交枝顶孢霉杀柑橘全爪螨活性及其生物学特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确交枝顶孢霉Acremonium implicatum CQBBW8的杀螨活性及其生物学特性,采用触杀毒力法检测CQBBW8菌株对柑橘全爪螨的致死率,通过单因素试验测试不同培养基、碳源、氮源、温度、pH及紫外线对CQBBW8菌株生长、产孢及其分生孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,CQBBW8菌株对柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri(McGregor)的校正致死率为54.42%,LC_(50)为1.2×10~6个/mL,LT_(50)值为5.175 9d。最佳生长和产孢培养基分别为PDA和SEA;菌丝生长最适碳源和氮源为甘露醇和蛋白胨,产孢最适碳源和氮源为可溶性淀粉和氯化铵;最适生长温度为25℃,最适产孢和分生孢子萌发温度为30℃;最适生长和产孢pH为6.0,最适萌发pH为7.0;紫外线对菌丝生长影响不明显,对产孢影响较大,紫外线照射时间越长,孢子萌发率越高。综上,CQBBW8菌株对柑橘全爪螨有较强的毒力,对营养需求不高,环境适应性较强,具有开发为杀螨真菌制剂的潜力。 相似文献
6.
7.
明确黄脉爵床棒孢霉叶斑病病原菌及其生物学特性,为防控提供理论依据。通过病原菌分离、形态特征观察、致病性测定、rDNA-ITS序列分析、生物学特性及寄主范围测定等研究,证明该病病原菌为山扁豆生棒孢Corynespora cassiicola;菌丝生长及产孢适宜温度20℃~28℃,孢子萌发适宜温度24℃~32℃,菌丝致死温度49℃处理10 min;菌丝生长适宜pH 6~10,产孢适宜pH 4~8,孢子萌发最适pH 8;光暗交替适合菌丝生长与产孢,连续光照可抑制菌丝生长;菌丝生长量由少到多培养基顺序为CA、PCA、PDA、CMA、OA,而PDA上产孢最多;刺伤接种,病菌可侵染喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)等植物。黄脉爵床棒孢霉叶斑病病原为山扁豆生棒孢C. cassiicola,病菌易产孢,寄主广,潜育期短。该病菌侵染黄脉爵床为首次报道。 相似文献
8.
对布朗李叶枯病菌(Macrophoma kawatsukai Hara)生物学特性研究表明,该菌最适生长和产孢的培养基为布朗李果汁。菌丝生长和产孢的最佳碳源分别为蔗糖、麦芽糖和果糖;氮源分别为酪氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天门冬酰胺和半胱氨酸。菌丝生长最适温度25℃,最适pH5～7;分生孢子形成最适温度25～30℃,最适pH8,饱和湿度有利于产孢,阳光照射形成分生孢子器最多,紫外光照射对分生孢子器形成有一定的抑制作用。孢子萌发最适温度为20～30℃,最适pH6～9,相对湿度为90%～100%,以在水滴中萌发最好。布朗李杆煎汁和布朗李果汁对孢子萌发有促进作用。 相似文献
9.
梨胶锈菌的重寄生菌研究——Ⅱ 重寄生菌的生物学特性 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
梨胶锈菌(Cymnosporangium asiaticum Miyabe ex Yamada)的重寄生菌(Tuberculina vinosa Sacc.)在PDA、综合马铃薯和梨叶汁培养基上能生长、产孢,以PDA最好,Czapek和硝酸铵蔗糖上生长差且不产孢。菌丝生长和产孢的适温20～30℃,适宜pH6～9,荧光可促进产孢而黑光有抑制作用。对碳源的利用,菌丝生长和干重以甘露醇、葡萄糖等6种碳源为好,甘露醇最佳,淀粉最差;葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖和甘露醇中均能产孢,以葡萄糖最好。对氮源的利用,菌丝生长及干重以硝酸钾、甘氨酸和蛋白胨为好;产孢以天冬酰胺、蛋白胨和硝酸钾为好,甘氨酸和谷氨酸不产孢。孢子萌发适温15～30℃,相对湿度65～100％均能萌发,在水滴中萌发率最高,低于50％不萌发;最适pH4～6,低于pH3和高于pH8不萌发;光照有利于孢子萌发。 相似文献
10.
茄子绒菌斑病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文针对辽宁省近年茄子设施栽培生产上趋重发生的叶部病害——绒菌斑病,对该病的病原菌进行了鉴定及其生物学特性研究。通过病原菌形态学鉴定,柯赫氏法则证病,并对病菌经rDNA-ITS测序,鉴定该病致病菌为真菌灰毛茄钉孢［Passalora nattrassii?(Deighton)U. Braun & Crous］。病菌生物学特性测定结果表明：病菌菌丝生长以PDA+茄叶煎汁培养基为最适;适宜菌丝生长的碳源和氮源分别为可溶性淀粉和胰蛋白胨;适宜温度为25 ℃;最适pH为6;黑暗条件下菌丝生长较好;菌丝致死温度为59 ℃,10min。病菌分生孢子萌发试验结果表明,茄叶汁能明显促进其萌发,碳源以麦芽糖、氮源以硫酸铵最适于孢子萌发,孢子萌发的适宜温度为30 ℃;最适pH为5;光暗交替条件下萌发情况较好;分生孢子致死温度为57 ℃,10min。 相似文献
11.
T. Santi-Gadelha B.A.M. RochaC.A.A. Gadelha H.C. SilvaR.E.R. Castellon F.J.T. GonçalvesD.O. Toyama M.H. ToyamaA.J.F. de Souza L.O.S. BeriamJ.L. Martins P.P. JoazeiroB.S. Cavada 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,103(1):15-22
Acacia farnesiana lectin-like protein (AFAL) showed bacterioestatic effects against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae (Gram-negative) and Clavibacter michiganensis michiganensis (Gram-positive), with the latter being more sensitive. This effect is probably due to the ability of AFAL to interact with the bacterial cell wall where we observed that AFAL induced macroscopic change. The maximum bacterial growth inhibition was approximately 78% when incubated with Gram-negative strains, and as high as 92% percent for the Gram-positive one. The antibacterial effect of flavonoids (rutin, quercetin and morin) was also observed using low concentrations against both bacterial strains. Prior incubation of both with AFAL at high concentrations increases the inhibitory effect of flavonoids on bacterial growth. The potential use of AFAL as a control agent against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was investigated as well, showing anti-nematode properties involving both egg hatching and motility. In the juvenile second-stage, AFAL showed reduction in larval mobility when measured against a control group. The results suggest that AFAL is effective against M. incognita and could be used as a component of integrated pest management programs. These data also suggest that lectins probably play a role in plant defense not only against invertebrate phytopathogens, herbivores and fungi but also against bacteria. 相似文献
12.
枯草芽胞杆菌对离体荔枝果实霜疫霉病、炭疽病的防治效果 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了进一步明确从土壤中筛选得到的拮抗细菌OR-1、OR-2、OR-3、ON-6的分类地位和生防效果,采用形态学观察、理化特性结合分子生物学方法,鉴定这4株细菌皆为枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillussubitilis.拮抗菌对荔枝霜疫霉菌、炭疽菌菌丝生长均具有明显抑制作用,ON-6菌株的发酵液对菌丝生长的抑制率最高,分别为92.34％和70.36％,其次是OR-1菌株.拮抗菌处理组褐变指数均小于对照组以及杀菌剂处理组,且差异达显著水平(P＜0.05),OR-1菌株防褐变效果最好.常温下,拮抗菌发酵液对离体鲜果病害防治效果优于对照组和杀菌剂处理组,其中ON-6菌株的防治效果最佳;4℃低温储藏处理40天后,拮抗菌发酵液处理组的防治效果高于对照和杀菌剂处理组,且差异显著(P＜0.05),以ON-6和ON-3菌株的防治效果最佳.表明拮抗菌发酵液对荔枝鲜果上的霜疫霉菌和炭疽病菌有一定的抑制作用. 相似文献
13.
Rui-xian Dong Juan Chen Xu-ming WangJin-shan Li Jie ZhouYong Yang Chu-lang YuYe Cheng Cheng-qi YanJian-ping Chen 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2012,77(1):33-40
Y73 is a progeny of asymmetric somatic hybridization from an elite japonica rice cultivar (Dalixiang) and a wild rice (Oryza meyeriana), which shows high resistance to bacterial blight. It has a similar genetic background to its recurrent parent, Dalixiang, but Y73 has a high resistance to both bacterial blight and Agrobacterium. The transformation efficiency of Y73 was 35.7%, while Dalixiang had higher transformation efficiency (71.2%) under the same co-cultivation temperature (25 °C). These results indicate that the resistance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Y73 was linked with its characteristic of bacterial blight resistance, and was obtained from its donor parent, O. meyeriana. Further studies also showed that the resistance to A. tumefaciens was weakened at a lower temperature (20 °C). To study its molecular mechanism, the expression levels of genes associated with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (OsMPKs, OsVIP1s and OsPR1s) in rice were investigated by Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. The expression levels of OsMPK genes remained unchanged at different temperatures, while all OsVIP1s and almost all OsPR1s were up-regulated and transformation efficiency of Y73 was increased notably when infected by Agrobacterium at 20 °C compared with 25 °C. This study suggests that the bacterial blight resistance genes in Y73 also have an effect on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and that the response to temperature is associated with the regulation of MAPK/VIP1 defense signaling pathway. 相似文献
14.
Seyyedeh Masoumeh Hasheminia Jalal Jalali Sendi Khalil Talebi JahromiSaeid Moharramipour 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,99(3):244-249
The biological effects of two important medicinal plants, Artemisia annua L. and Achillea millefolium (L.) (viz, mortality, growth, and feeding indices as well as enzyme and non-enzymatic activities) were studied on small white Pieris rapae L a deleterious pest of cruciferous plants under controlled conditions (16:8 h L:D at 25 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% RH). The LC50 and LC25 values were 9.387% and 3.645% for A. annua L. and 4.19% and 1.69% for A. millefolium (L.), respectively. At the lowest concentration (0.625%), the deterrency was 29.826% and 44.185% for A. annua L. and A. millefolium (L.), respectively. Feeding indices were variously affected with changes in a number of parameters and an increase in larval and pupal duration. The activity level of alkaline phosphatase increased sharply while alanin and aspartate aminotransferases showed a sharp decrease. For non-enzymatic compounds, the amount of glucose and uric acid increased, but total protein and cholesterol decreased. These results indicate that these two medicinal plants might possess potential secondary metabolites that may be useful for controlling potential insect pests. 相似文献
15.
Atsushi Seino An Jang Tan Yoshiaki Kono Takahiro Shiotsuki 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,88(1):92-101
Two acetylcholinesterases (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) cDNAs were identified and cloned from silkworm, Bombyx mori. One of those, BmAChE-o cDNA, is comprised of 3197 nucleotides which encode 638 amino acids, having an amino acid sequence homology of 72% with Drosophila melanogaster Ace-orthologous AChE (AO-AChE). In some species, another AChE group based on the sequence, Drosophila Ace-paralogous AChE (AP-AChE) has been recognized in relation to organophosphate- or carbamate-resistance, but there have been few reports of AP-AChE among lepidopteran species. However, we isolated the AP-AChE from lepidopteran silkworm, and cloned full ORF as BmAChE-p, which cDNA consisted of 2465 nucleotides that encode 683 amino acids. The homologies with other AP-AChEs were over 60% when compared. Although silkworm is not a target of pesticides, the genomic information obtained in this study will contribute to insecticide-resistance study on lepidopteran pest species. 相似文献
16.
采用固相微萃取(SPME)和GC-MS分析研究木枣和酸枣挥发物成分,并测试枣镰翅小卷蛾触角电位(EAG)反应、寄主趋向和产卵选择,以探明枣镰翅小卷蛾的寄主选择机制。结果显示,在萌芽期,木枣和酸枣嫩叶的挥发成分均为罗勒烯、2-甲基-2-菠烯、α-法呢烯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯4种,但相对含量稍有不同。枣镰翅小卷蛾成虫对木枣和酸枣2种寄主都有强烈的EAG反应,且同一寄主上雌蛾的EAG反应值极显著地高于雄蛾,其EAG值是雄蛾的3.3倍。枣镰翅小卷蛾对木枣表现强烈的趋向反应,而对酸枣的趋向不明显,且雌虫的趋向反应显著高于雄虫。木枣上的产卵量显著高于酸枣,且木枣枣吊上的单雌产卵量为307.9粒,极显著地高于酸枣枣吊上的产卵量(182.9粒)。研究表明,枣镰翅小卷蛾雌蛾在寄主选择中起主导作用,木枣是其嗜好寄主。 相似文献
17.
Fayez A. Bakry Ragaa T. MohamedKarem El-Hommossany 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,99(2):174-180
The molluscicidal activity of cold water, boiled water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform extracts of Solanum siniacum and Artemisia judaica L. plants against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails was carried out. The tests revealed plant’s ethanol extract was more toxic to the snails than the other tested extracts. Therefore, it was tested against snails’ fecundity (Mx), reproduction rate (R0) and their infection with Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. In addition, biochemical parameters and the activities of some enzymes in tissues of snails treated with the two tested plants were determined. As well, glucose concentration in snails’ hemolymph was evaluated. Exposure of B. alexandrina snails to plant’s ethanol extract led to a significant reduction in their survival and snails’ fecundity, reproduction rate. In addition, it caused a considerable reduction in the infectivity of S. mansoni miracidia to the snails. Also, it caused a reduction in number of cercariae per snail during the patent period and in the period of cercarial shedding. The results revealed that the glucose concentration in hemolymph and Lactate level in soft tissues of treated snails were increased (P < 0.001) while glycogen, total protein, the lipid content and the pyruvate level in snail’s tissues decreased (P < 0.001). The activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvatekinase (PK) and cytochrome oxidase (CY) enzymes in homogenate of snail’s tissues were reduced (P < 0.001) in response to treatment with the two tested plants while protease (PR) activity increased (P < 0.001). It is concluded that the application of LC25 of ethanol extract of S. siniacum and A. judaica L. may be helpful in snail control as it interferes with the snails’ biology and physiology. 相似文献
18.
菜豆普通细菌性疫病菌在土壤和植株残体中的越冬能力 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为评估菜豆普通细菌性疫病菌地毯草黄单胞杆菌菜豆致病变种或褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种在土壤及植物残体中的越冬能力,对采自黑龙江、内蒙古、山西、河北及新疆的18块菜豆生产田的20份土壤及14份植物残体样品进行病原菌分离和鉴定。在MT选择性培养基上有12个土壤样品和13个植株残体样品提取液产生典型的类似黄单胞菌菌落。选取29个分离物进行致病性测定,有27个分离物对菜豆品种"英国红"致病。利用地毯草黄单胞杆菌菜豆致病变种和褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种的特异性引物X4c/X4e及褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种特异性引物Xf1/Xf2对29个分离物进行多重PCR检测,其中17个分离物为地毯草黄单胞杆菌菜豆致病变种,10个分离物为褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种。结果表明,菜豆普通细菌性疫病菌可以在黑龙江、内蒙古、山西、河北的一些菜豆种植区的土壤及植株残体中越冬存活。 相似文献
19.
加州新小绥螨对柑橘全爪螨的控制潜力 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为了确定加州新小绥螨Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor)的国内品系在生物防治中的潜力,采用捕食者功能反应方法,研究了加州新小绥螨、江原钝绥螨Amblyseius eharai Amitai et Swirski、尼氏真绥螨Euseius nicholsi (Ehara et Lee)和拟长毛钝绥螨A.pseudolongispinosus Xin,Liang et Ke对柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri AaGregor的捕食作用,加州新小绥螨对柑橘全爪螨的功能反应可以很好地拟合HollingⅡ圆盘方程,对柑橘全爪螨卵的捕食能力显著高于其它3种捕食螨,4种捕食螨对柑橘全爪螨卵的功能反应参数a/Th分别为20.8342、6.9458、0和6.1634;加州新小绥螨对柑橘全爪螨卵、幼螨、前若螨、后若螨和成螨功能反应分别为20.8342、42.0721、29.1849、22.1204和5.6284.加州新小绥螨密度越大,柑橘全爪螨种群数量下降越快,在益、害比为5∶30下,柑橘全爪螨种群数量在第4天就能得到控制.结果表明,加州新小绥螨国内品系对柑橘全爪螨表现出很大的控制潜力. 相似文献
20.
为阐明苏云金杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)与白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea Yang的协同作用,分别用103~108孢子/m L的6个Bt浓度处理美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea 2龄幼虫后,通过室内试验测定了Bt对其致死、亚致死效应,及亚致死浓度Bt对寄生蜂子代出蜂的影响。结果表明,浓度106孢子/m L处理组美国白蛾均未能化蛹;而106孢子/m L处理组均能化蛹并羽化,且幼虫发育历期随Bt浓度的增加而延长,平均蛹重在74.92~92.18 mg之间,均高于对照的68.66 mg,但蛹重不呈线性规律变化。当Bt对美国白蛾平均校正死亡率低于17.17%时,幼虫发育历期延迟不明显,但平均蛹重为101.11~124.34 mg,均高于对照;接蜂后能够正常出蜂,出蜂率为33.13%~51.25%,每蛹出蜂量为117.43~143.42头,均显著高于对照。表明用平均校正死亡率低于20%的Bt处理对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的寄生有利,2种生防措施协同作用存在增效潜力。 相似文献