共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
2.
黑龙江省主要大豆品种中胰蛋酶抑制因子含量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大豆含有妨碍营养物质消化、吸收和利用的抗营养因子 ,会导致动物胰腺肿大、生长受阻及氮利用率降低 (Ｌｉｅｎｅｒ等 ,1 980 ) ,其中危害最大的是胰蛋白酶抑制因子。因此降低大豆中胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量是提高大豆营养价值的重要途径。美国培育出的低胰蛋白酶抑制因子大豆中胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量仅为 9 9ｍｇ/ｇ (Ｈｅｒｋｅｌｍａｎ等 ,1 992 )。我国关于大豆中胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量的研究材料很少 ,仅傅翠真等 ( 1 992 )对我国部分大豆中胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量进行了分析。黑龙江省是我国的主要大豆产地 ,因此本研究针对黑龙江省大豆种植… 相似文献
3.
大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子(STI)的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子（STI）是大豆中的主要抗营养因子之一。据报道,STI能引起各种动物生长抑制作用如引起老鼠、小鸡的胰腺肿大和增生．还导致仔猪对日粮能量和氮的利用率降低,刺激胰脏蛋白酶和糜胰蛋白酶的合成,增加体液因子（如胆囊激素）的形成和释放。因此,钝化大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子对改善和提高大豆食品与饲料的营养价值和食用安全有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
蛋白酶抑制因子 豆类饲料中的抗营养因子主要是蛋白酶抑制因子，它对动物的营养具有重要影响。蛋白酶抑制因子主要有KTI(胰蛋白酶抑制因子)和BBI(弓手抑制因子)两类，在大豆中含量尤其高。 相似文献
5.
6.
我国是世界上主要大豆生产国之一 ,大豆及其不同加工处理产品是我国畜禽日粮中主要的植物性蛋白质饲料来源 ,所以对其所含抗营养因子的研究具有重要意义。到目前为止 ,国内外有关大豆中胰蛋白酶抑制因子的研究逐渐深入 ,从对畜禽 (主要是猪、鸡 )和实验动物 (大鼠、小鼠和豚鼠 )生产性能、胰腺重量的影响 ,到对营养物质消化、消化道消化酶活性、胰腺胰液分泌的影响及对某些种类畜禽的危害机理已比较清楚。1 大豆及其所含胰蛋白酶抑制因子1 1 大豆及其营养学特性 大豆为双子叶植物纲豆科大豆属一年生草本植物。大豆中约含35 %粗蛋白质、1… 相似文献
7.
8.
全脂大豆中抗营养因子及其钝化研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
<正> 1 全脂大豆中的抗营养因子及其特点大豆中抗营养因子有:胰蛋白酶抑制因子、抗维生素因子(脂肪氧化酶)、甲状腺肿大因子、胀气因子(低聚糖、皂角苷)、植物凝集素、血球凝集素、尿酶、植酸等。其中在大豆中含量较高,对大豆营养效价、生物效价、适口性及动物危害较大的主要是:胰蛋白酶抑制因子、抗维生素因子、胀气因子和尿酶。目前,对其 相似文献
9.
10.
大豆蛋白质与大多数植物性蛋白质相比,主要优点是赖氨酸含量高。在单胃动物日粮中加入大豆,能弥补作为主要能量来源的禾本科籽实赖氨酸的不足。生大豆中含有一系列抑制营养的因子和有毒的因子,其中以胰蛋白酶抑制素和胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制素最为重要。胰蛋白酶抑制素广泛存在于植物界,而在豆科、禾本科草类和茄属植物中含量较高。 相似文献
11.
Effect of soybean variety and processing on growth performance of young chicks and pigs 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Palacios MF Easter RA Soltwedel KT Parsons CM Douglas MW Hymowitz T Pettigrew JE 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(4):1108-1114
The objective of this study was to determine whether soybeans without the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and lectins could be fed effectively to young chicks and pigs. Specifically, we compared the growth performance of chicks and pigs fed diets containing modified soybeans: Kunitz trypsin inhibitor-free (KF), lectin-free (LF), lectin and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor-free (LFKF), conventional soybeans (CSB), and commercially obtained, dehulled, solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM). A 7-d chick experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of CSB, KF, LF, LFKF, and SBM. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design, with four replicates, five treatments, and six male chicks per pen (n = 120). The five treatments consisted of 23% CP dextrose-soybean-based diets containing KF, LF, LFKF, CSB, or SBM as the source of dietary protein. A 28-d pig experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of CSB, LF, LFKF, and SBM. Pens of four pigs were assigned randomly to a control, corn-SBM, or one of six corn-soybean diets containing raw or extruded soybean varieties as a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design with five blocks per treatment (n = 140). Chicks fed diets containing any of the raw soybean varieties gained less weight (P < 0.05) than chicks fed SBM (22.81 g/d for SBM vs. 14.17 g/d for the raw soybeans combined). Among the raw soybean treatments, there was a greater effect on growth performance (P < 0.05) by removing both lectins and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (ADG of 16.56 g for LFKF) than by removing each antinutritional factor separately (ADG of 14.38 and 14.11 g for KF and LF, respectively). Pig growth performance was different (P < 0.001) for SBM (ADG of 409 g) and all the varieties when extruded (ADG of 450 g for CSB, 417 g for LF, and 408 g for LFKF) compared with the raw soybean treatments (ADG of 101 g for CSB, 165 g for LF, and 266 g for LFKF). Among the raw soybean treatments, growth performance improved (P = 0.003) as the antinutritional factor, lectin, was removed from the soybean and improved further (P = 0.045) when both lectins and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor were removed. The growth-inhibiting effect of feeding modified soybeans to young animals was more detrimental for pigs than for chicks in our experiments. Soybeans without the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and lectins cannot be fed successfully to young chicks and pigs without heating. 相似文献
12.
K L Herkelman G L Cromwell T S Stahly T W Pfeiffer D A Knabe 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(3):818-826
An experiment was conducted with ileally cannulated pigs to determine the apparent digestibility of amino acids and N in raw or heated conventional or low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans. Six littermate barrows initially averaging 24 kg were fed cornstarch-based diets (10.5% CP, .68% lysine, 3,558 kcal of ME/kg) supplemented with raw (unheated), conventional soybeans; raw, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans; heated, conventional soybeans; heated, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans; or solvent-extracted soybean meal. Heating was achieved by autoclaving soybeans (after grinding) for 20 min at 110 degrees C. The urease activities of the two raw soybean sources were similar, but the trypsin inhibitor activity of the raw, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans was about one-half that of the raw, conventional soybeans. The lower trypsin inhibitor activity of the raw, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans was associated with an improvement in the apparent digestibility of amino acids and N compared with the raw, conventional soybeans (P less than .05). Heating reduced the urease and trypsin inhibitor activities and improved (P less than .05) the apparent digestibility of amino acids and N in both types of soybeans. However, the heated, conventional soybeans contained more trypsin inhibitor activity than the heated, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans and the digestibilities of the amino acids were lower (P less than .05). Although the urease and trypsin inhibitor activities of the two heated soybean sources were similar to or less than those of soybean meal, the digestibilities of amino acids were not as great (P less than .05) in the heated soybeans as in soybean meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
13.
E. Umapathy K. H. Erlwanger H. P. S. Makkar K. Becker S. G. Pierzynowski 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》1999,82(2-3):57-65
Introduction Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a valuable protein source that can contribute towards overcoming a predicted protein deficit equivalent to more than 1 000 000 t oilcake in Southern Africa by the year 2000 (N ell et al. 1992). However, like most other legumes, cowpeas contain antinutritional factors (ANFs) (M akinde et al. 1996). It has also been shown that feeding raw cowpea causes reduced growth and histomorphometric changes in the various segments of the intestine (M akinde et al. 1997) attributable to ANFs. The major ANFs in the cowpea are trypsin inhibitors, tannins and phytates (A letor and A ladetimi 1989). Although the protease inhibitors are found in most legumes, only soybean inhibitors have been thoroughly investigated (L iener and K akade 1980), and trypsin inhibitors in other legumes have received little attention. 相似文献
14.
Three experiments were conducted to determine the relative feeding value of frost-damaged soybeans (FDS) for ruminants. Frost-damaged soybean ether-extract content was variable and differed (P less than .05) from mature soybeans. Isonitrogenous supplementation of corn silage diets with soybean meal (SBM), SBM+soybean oil (SBO), mature raw soybeans (MSB), and FDS was compared in sheep. Acid detergent fiber and apparent N digestion were lower (P less than .001) for supplements containing oil. Nitrogen retention was reduced (P less than .07) only for raw soybean supplements. Ruminal NH3 N and branched-chain VFA concentrations differed (P less than .01) between SBM and supplements containing oil. Maximum tolerable inclusion level of FDS in corn silage diets was tested in wethers using diets containing 0, 7, 14, or 21% FDS. Dry matter and ADF digestibility declined linearly (P less than .01) with increasing dietary FDS. Ether extract digestibility was unchanged due to treatment, but GE digestibility decreased quadratically (P less than .01). The most pronounced decline in GE digestibility occurred when FDS increased from 14 to 21% of the diet. The effects of FDS on corn silage utilization were similar to MSB effects. Oil content and antinutritional factors contributed to detrimental effects. Frost-damaged soybeans should not exceed 14% of corn silage diets fed to growing wethers. 相似文献
15.
饲用酶制剂作用机制的研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
分别从饲用酶制剂对畜禽日粮中抗营养因子，消化道内源酶活，微生物菌群，消化器官，外周血液激素水平以及畜禽机体免疫机能等方面的影响，对其改善畜禽生产性能的作用机制进行了探讨，饲用酶主要是通过消除抗营养因子（SNSP，消化酶抑制剂，细胞壁和植酸）和补充内源酶等方式提高日粮养分消化率，并减少有害微生物的过度繁殖，进而改善畜禽生产性能。 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Two 21-d trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of heating time and sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) on the nutritional value of full-fat soybeans for chicks. In Trial 1, four pen-replicates of eight chicks each were fed corn-based diets (19% CP; 3,167 kcal of ME/kg) containing either 44% CP soybean meal or full-fat soybeans. The soybeans either were unheated or were autoclaved at 121 degrees C for 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, or 90 min. Soybean oil was added to the soybean meal diet to make it isoenergetic with the soybean diets. Trypsin inhibitor, urease activity, and the solubility of protein in the soybeans decreased as heating time increased. Weight gain increased and feed:gain and pancreas weights decreased quadratically (P less than .01) with heating time. Rate and efficiency of gain were maximized when the soybeans were heated for 40 min; further heating for 60 or 90 min reduced performance. In Trial 2, SMBS was added at levels of 0, 1, or 2% to full-fat, unheated soybeans or to soybeans before autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 10, 20, or 40 min. Four pen-replicates of seven chicks each were fed corn-soybean diets (19% CP; 3,144 kcal of ME/kg) with 12 treatments in a factorial arrangement of heating times and SMBS levels. The rate and efficiency of chick weight gain improved linearly (P less than .01) and pancreas weights decreased linearly (P less than .01) as heating time increased. Less heating time was required to maximize performance and minimize pancreas weights when SMBS was added, resulting in a heating time x SMBS interaction (P less than .05). Under the conditions of this research, chicks fed full-fat soybeans achieved maximum performance when the soybeans were heated at 121 degrees C for 40 min, and SMBS decreased by one-half the heating time required to inactivate the trypsin inhibitors. Trypsin inhibitor activity in soybeans was more closely related to their nutritional value than was urease activity. 相似文献
19.
本试验旨在研究乳酸菌和酸性蛋白酶复合固态发酵对豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕粗蛋白质、pH、酸度及抗营养因子含量的影响。以乳酸菌和酸性蛋白酶为发酵剂,对豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕进行固态厌氧发酵,每隔12 h采样1次(其中粗蛋白质测定为每隔24 h采样1次),共发酵72 h。结果表明,乳酸菌固态发酵酶解豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕均能有效提高粗蛋白质含量,降低pH,使酸度增加;乳酸菌固态发酵酶解能有效降解豆粕中胰蛋白酶抑制剂、水苏糖和棉籽糖含量,棉籽粕中单宁及菜籽粕中异硫氰酸酯和唑烷硫酮,而对游离棉酚及植酸的降解能力有限。由此可知,乳酸菌固态发酵酶解能通过提高豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕中粗蛋白质含量、降低pH及对抗营养因子的降解,从而达到改善饲料品质的目的。 相似文献
20.
Various animal models in farm and laboratory animals indicate the possible pathological effect of soybean feeding. Immunity and tolerance to oral soybean intake and a generalised meta-model of effects are discussed. It seems that FAO/WHO recommendations will have to be considered in assessing the biological value of soybean feed sources. Determination of hull content, antigenic potential, conglycinin and trypsin inhibitor content is warranted in view of the future component pricing of soybean meals. 相似文献