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1.
This ethnobotanical study aims to describe the domain of wild edible plants in Gorbeialdea (Biscay, Iberian Peninsula), and to assess the cultural importance of the different species and food categories. Field work was conducted between 2008 and 2010, interviewing 103 informants about the traditional use of wild plants for food. The edible use of 49 species was recorded, 45% of them gathered for their fruits. The most important species coincide with those registered in other regions in the north of the Iberian Peninsula (Prunus spinosa, Rubus ulmifolius, Castanea sativa, Fragaria vesca, Rumex acetosa, Vaccinium myrtillus and Arbutus unedo). However, the importance of some species and uses that had not been previously recorded as edible in the ethnobotanical literature of the Iberian Peninsula, highlights the singularity of the area. The consumption of the leaves of Fagus sylvatica, the seeds of Pinus radiata, and the shoots of Pteridium aquilinum are some examples of specific uses. The eating of the fruits of Quercus robur, and Q. ilex was common until some decades ago and is still remembered by the informants. However, the consumption of those fruits has now a social stigma, and as shown in this paper, it can be overlooked by a methodology only based on open interviews. The most important use-category was ‘fruits’, following the trend found in other northern regions of the Iberian and Italian Peninsulas. ‘Snack vegetables’ is also a relevant category, including 35% of the cited species, with a high diversity of chewed plants, mainly as hunger or thirst quenchers. On the contrary, there was a low valorization of condiments and elaborated vegetables.  相似文献   

2.
The subterranean parts of many wild plants form an important constituent of traditional diet of the tribal inhabitants of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha especially in times of food scarcity during critical periods. However, no specific study has been made so far on this aspect. The present study was conducted during 2008–2012 as a search for sources of food and to assess the dietary diversity, consumption pattern, culinary uses and prioritized species of wild tuberous plants sustained by local tribes. The exploration and germplasm collection missions along with intensive botanical survey, focus group discussions, structured household interview and market survey were conducted in 30 villages interacting with 102 key informants of core and buffer zones. A total of 55 wild edible tuberous species representing 37 genera and 24 families were inventoried including 17 species used during food deficiency to meet seasonal shortages. The analyzed data contributed 5 use categories, 4 preparation methods, 7 kinds of food items, 10 species as children snacks, 35 species of pharma-foods and 20 prioritized species. Ten species were domesticated by tribes thus reducing threats on wild tubers and 20 species were traded in local markets to generate additional income exemplifying economic benefits from wild tubers. Seventeen species were identified as novel uses of food items from India. The findings suggested that the nutritional profile along with pharmaceutical attributes of preferred wild food plants be analyzed for recommending suitable species for better nutrition and development of nutraceuticals. Further, many genetic resources of these wild tuberous species of agri-horticultural importance constitute the wild genepool hence their economic and breeding potential along with desirable attributes need to be investigated for utilization in crop improvement programmes.  相似文献   

3.
Studies on wild edible fruits of Mizoram, India used as ethno-medicine   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
The traditional knowledge system has gained a prime importance in context with conservation, utilization and sustainable development of plant resources. The ethno-medicinal plants play a major role amongst the tribal and rural people in their traditional healthcare system. Considering the importance of ethno-medicines amongst the tribal people, a study was undertaken to enumerate the ethno-medicinal uses of wild edible fruits among the Mizo tribes of Aizawl district, Mizoram, India. The study was based on extensive field surveys, plant collection and the interviews with the traditional healers. Altogether 60 wild edible fruit species belonging to 35 families have been enumerated in this paper. The documented wild edible fruits are mostly used to cure gastrointestinal disorders, dermatological problems, respiratory problems, cardiovascular compliance, ENT diseases, mental problem, muscular illness, bone diseases, gynecological problem, cancers, snake bite, allergy and malaria. This indigenous system of treatment based on wild edible fruits is still an important part in Mizo social life and culture but this traditional knowledge of the local people has been transferred orally from generation to generation without proper documentation. Therefore, the claimed therapeutic values of the reported species are to be critically studied to establish their safety and effectiveness and to preserve these high valued wild edible fruits.  相似文献   

4.
The collection and consumption of wild (including naturalized) and semi-domesticated (cultivated and reverted to wild status, and neglected cultivated plants for food) edible plants in the rural communities of the Arribes del Duero (western Spain), a highly heterogeneous Mediterranean agroecosystem, were analysed. Through semi-structured interviews with 80 informants, data on the gathering, preparation and consumption of 76 wild edible plant species were acquired. To analyze how traditional knowledge varies with the characteristics of the informants, we performed an ANCOVA. The “age” variable was found to have a significant effect. The most frequently cited species in the study area (i.e. Rubus ulmifolius, Foeniculum vulgare, Quercus ilex, Laurus nobilis, Origanum vulgare) are widely consumed in the Mediterranean region. Also, from a cluster analysis it was observed that the grouping succession this territory matches those of analysed areas of the Iberian southwest. Certain species have traditionally been consumed as an important supplement to the diet, particularly during food shortages (i.e. Rumex induratus, Chondrilla juncea). Several species are ethnobotanical novelties, among which are Erodium botrys and Astragalus pelecinus, whose immature fruits are eaten raw as a snack. Some ecological and cultural aspects of the gathering of wild plants for food are discussed.  相似文献   

5.
An ethnobotanical survey of the Gollak region, Kosovo   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
An ethnobotanical field study focused on traditional uses of medicinal plants, wild food plants, and mushrooms was conducted in 37 villages in the Gollak region of eastern Kosovo. Interviews with 66 elderly informants were conducted using standard ethnobotanical methods. The uses of 92 vascular plants and 6 mushrooms species belonging to 47 different families were recorded. Mainly infusions and decoctions were quoted as folk medicinal preparations and the most commonly quoted plant medicinal uses referred to diseases of the respiratory system, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Comparison of the collected data with the ethnobotanical findings of previously conducted studies in the surrounding Western Balkan areas showed that, even if more than the half of Gollak’s wild botanical genera quoted as medicines used are the same in Serbia and in Northern Albania, commonalities between the actual medicinal plant applications recorded in the present study and those reported for the other areas are extremely scarce. This may confirm the richness of the bio-cultural heritage of the Western Balkan region and the urgent need to conduct cross-cultural comparative field ethnobiological studies.  相似文献   

6.
An ethnobotanical field study on the traditional uses of wild medicinal and food plants was conducted in three linguistically distinct mountainous communities located at the East End of the Occitan macro-area, in the Western Italian Alps. Interviews with a total of 81 mid-aged and elderly informants were undertaken using standard ethnobotanical methods. The uses of 92 vascular plants belonging to 40 different plant families were recorded. Comparison of the collected data with the ethnobotanical findings of previously conducted studies in other Occitan/Provençal valleys (specifically the Stura and Varaita valleys) has shown that nearly the half of the uses recorded in this study were not reported in other valleys, strongly suggesting a heterogeneous character to Occitan ethnobotany. The specific uses of certain wild plants as famine foods and medicines in this region are highlighted.  相似文献   

7.
Neglected and underutilized species (NUS) play a pivotal role in the improvement of nutrition, medicine, and income for rural populations in the Northern mountainous provinces of Vietnam. PRA and baseline tools were used to collect the ethnobotany information of the NUS and their practical uses through the traditional knowledge of a local culture and people in the three Northern mountainous provinces of Vietnam. The results showed noticeable values of seventy-seven NUS including 50 leafy vegetables, 9 root and tuber crops, 11 edible wild fruits, 3 legumes and 4 others (some species have defined as NUS, others have not yet defined as NUS). These findings would create a strong promotion for utilizing and conserving of genetic resources of NUS in the Northern mountainous regions of Vietnam.  相似文献   

8.
The North East India houses around 130 ethnic tribal communities which exhibits unique tradition, dialect and culture. These communities collect edible plants from wild forming a common practice for livelihood and subsistence even today. Of the varieties of plant consumed, ferns and fern–allies also constitute an important food supplement. An inventory survey was conducted in order to assess the wild edible ferns and fern–allies which are used as vegetables by various ethnic communities of North East India. Altogether, twenty-three (23) ferns and fern–allies are found to be edible, and used in preparing various cuisines. Four species viz. Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw., Huperzia phlegmaria (L.) Rothm., Huperzia squarrosa (G. Forst.) Trevis. and Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl were cultivated in small scale for consumption and horticultural purposes, while the rest of the species were directly harvested from wild habitat. Role of these ferns in local cuisines, other reported uses and bioactive components were discussed. The study also emphasises on future development of ferns and its allies as potential vegetables in North East India.  相似文献   

9.
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that many antioxidants and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet may protect against cancers and cardiovascular disease. Common fruits and vegetables are good sources of antioxidants, although in some Mediterranean areas traditional wild greens are responsible for a significant percentage of total dietary antioxidant intake. In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort of Ragusa (Sicily), a high number of subjects were found to frequently eat wild greens, including Sinapis incana and Sinapis nigra, Diplotaxis erucoides, Cichorium intybus, Asparagus acutifolius, and Borrago officinalis. On the basis of these observations, detailed characterization of single antioxidant components (i.e., polyphenols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and ascorbic acid) and the TAC of these edible wild traditional plants was performed. The wild plants examined were found to be very rich in antioxidants, such as flavonoids and carotenoids, with high TAC values, suggesting that the importance of these vegetables, not only in the traditional but even in the contemporary diet, needs to be emphasized.  相似文献   

10.
Three wild carrot species have been reported in the argentinian flora: Daucus montanus Humb. et Bonpl. ex Schult., D. montevidensis Link ex Sprengel and D. pusillus Michx. There is a discrepancy among authors about the distinctive morphological traits of the last two species; thus, it is difficult to ascertain if they are truly two distinct taxa. Based on the available literature and in the search of a paradigmatic site, four collection trips were carried out in 2004 and 2005 in Buenos Aires and Southern Entre Ríos provinces. Populations were sampled at 30 sites, and local environmental parameters and associated plant species were recorded. Morphological observations and chromosome counts were carried out on 10 plants/population. Three morphological phenotypes were distinguished: one in 18 populations, all with 2n = 2x = 18, and two in the remaining 12, with 2n = 2x = 22 or aneusomaty (2n = 2x = 20, 22). Populations of the first phenotype were assigned to wild D. carota and the rest, tentatively, to D. pusillus (D. montevidensis?), till further evaluations are carried out in test sites to verify this tentative conclusion.  相似文献   

11.
The efficient storage and germination of seeds underpin the effective use of plants for livelihoods and sustainable development. A total of 204 wild species useful for local communities of the Tehuacán–Cuicatlán Valley were collected and stored in seed banks in country for long term conservation, and 66 % (i.e., 134) duplicated in the U.K., as an effective means of ex situ conservation. Of the 204 species, 147 (122 of which also duplicated in the U.K.) were previously listed as useful plants in the ethnofloristic inventory of the Valley. Based on literature surveys, we found that one of the major impediments to the use of stored seeds of wild species is the lack of knowledge of how to germinate the seed. In detailed studies, we found that seeds of 18 useful plant species from 10 different families germinated readily and could be propagated. In contrast, four species (Actinocheita filicina, Bursera submoniliformis, Karwinskia mollis and Lippia graveolens) produced dormant seeds and therefore further studies are needed before their use can be maximised in large scale propagation programmes in support of conservation and livelihoods. Overall, this large-scale study on useful wild plant species in Mexico confirms that conventional seed banking can effectively support sustainable development and livelihood programmes.  相似文献   

12.
Zingiberaceae forms an important group of plant family with considerable economic potential. The present study was carried out to survey, identify and document the uses of various species belonging to zingiberaceae family in the different subdivisions of Tamenglong district, Manipur. The information on ethnobotanical uses of important species was collected by oral interview with local villagers, elders and those people having medicinal knowledge and through local markets survey. A total of 34 species of economically important Zingiberaceous plants were found to be used as vegetables, spices and condiments, edible fruits, dyes, wrapper, ornaments and as medicines by the local people for curing different ailments and diseases. The findings support the need to encourage domestication, cultivation and to take up conservation measures of these economically important species to ensure food security and bring benefit to humankind in many ways.  相似文献   

13.
This paper analyzes the diversity, consumption and gathering patterns, and uses of wild edible plants among the tribal communities living in cold arid region of Indian Himalaya. Eco-geographically, extremely cold climate, open vegetation, strong afternoon winds and loose soils characterize the region. Wild edible plants have special significance in the livelihoods of tribal people particularly during harsh winters when nothing grows on field. We gathered information on 164 wild edible plant species belonging to 100 genera and 37 families sharing 14% of total plants species occurring here. Around 83% plant species were present in pure wild state while 17% were in semi wild state/cultivated occasionally. Wild plants are eaten more as vegetable and it was found that out of 101 plants used as vegetable, 57 are cooked and eaten and the rest (44) eaten raw. The species like Pinus gerardiana, Prunus armeniaca, Hippophae rhamnoides, Bunium persicum are harvested more for commerce in the downtown markets while Lepidium latifolium, Taraxacum officinale, Urtica hyperborea, Capparis spinosa, Fagopyrum tataricum, Malva verticillata, and Rhodiola heterodonta are preferred for their medicinal and nutritional properties locally. Infrastructure development, more tourists flow, agricultural intensification, more jobs and business opportunities have led to rapid changes in the life styles and food habits of the people. Consequently, the age-old tradition of gathering wild edible plants is fading particularly among younger generations. Nevertheless, people do realize the importance of wild edible plants, and therefore to harness the benefits of this unique diversity participatory management and conservation programs, investigations on nutritional and pharmacological attributes, and regulated market support for some important WEPs have taken up in the region.  相似文献   

14.
The aim of present study was to explore and document medicinal plants used for the traditional dermatological healthcare management practices by the the Tharu tribal community of Uttar Pradesh. The study was conducted during 2000–2004. Information was gathered from 230 informants residing in 46 villages in Terai region of Indo-Nepal boarder using questionnaires; oral interviews and group discussions. Total 92 medicinal plant species were cited for the preparation of 113 crude drug formulations. Voucher specimens of cited plant species were collected and identified as belonging to 82 genera and 49 families. Thirty-nine medicinal plant species were reported for the first time for dermatological healthcare problems from India. The dermatological healthcare problems managed were cut and wounds, ringworm, leprosy, eczema, scabies, leucoderma, boils, carbuncles, pimples, skin blemishes, spots, eruption, and burns etc. The most commonly and popularly used medicinal plant species for management of dermatological healthcare problems in the study area were Curcuma longa L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Melia azedarach L. It is concluded that dermatological healthcare management practice in the study area depends largely on wildly growing medicinal plant species. There is an urgent need to properly conserve the medicinal plant species growing in this area for human welfare. There is also need for further phytopharmacological studies to provide scientific explanation for the usages of 57 medicinal plant species for which to the best of our knowledge phytopharmacological literatures are not available.  相似文献   

15.
Two advanced models that respectively simulate the transport of heavy metals in the atmosphere at continental and regional scale, as well as the transfer of contaminants in the air–soil–plant system, were used to study the potential accumulation of lead and cadmium in vegetables in a French region submitted to global and local industrial releases. The dynamics of lead and cadmium in the atmosphere, the soil and two types of plants (leaf and fruit vegetables respectively) were simulated over 40 years. Kinetic best estimate calculations were conducted to simulate the potential accumulation of lead and cadmium in soils and plants. An uncertainty analysis was also performed to provide confidence intervals for the maximum contamination levels of leaf and fruit vegetables. A sensitivity analysis allowed to identify the most sensitive parameters of the modeling system. For this purpose, Probability Density Functions were proposed for the main parameters included in the air-soil-plant model. Different results were obtained for lead and cadmium respectively, lead being more sensitive to aerial processes (interception of deposits by leaves eventually followed by translocation to edible organs).  相似文献   

16.
Species prioritization is a crucial step in any development of conservation strategy, especially for crop wild relatives (CWR), since financial resources are generally limited. This study aimed at: assessing the biodiversity of crop wild relatives in Benin and identifying priority species for active conservation. Data were collected through literature review to establish an exhaustive list of CWR in Benin. Eight prioritization criteria and different prioritization systems were used. The top 50 species obtained by each of these methods were identified and twenty final top CWR were shortlisted as those occurring as priority across methods. A total of 266 plant species belonging to 65 genera and 36 families were identified. The most represented are: Cyperaceae (12.50 %), Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (11.87 %), Convolvulaceae (11.25 %), Poaceae (10.31 %), Asteraceae (7.81 %), Solanaceae (6.87 %) and Dioscoreaceae (5.31 %). Among the 20 species of highest priority for conservation, Manihot glaziovii Müll. Arg. and Piper guineense Schumach. et Thonn., appeared as the most represented species on top of the list.  相似文献   

17.
An ethnobotanical field study was carried out in one of the most remote and poorest areas of Europe: the village of Theth, which is located in the upper Shala Valley in the Northern Albanian Alps. In this study, seventy-nine botanical taxa known and used by the local population were recorded in interviews with thirty-two informants. Among the local food species recorded, the most highly sought after were Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and Cornus mas L. fruits, which are used for producing home-made raki. A few elderly women in the village still gather wild greens (Urtica, Chenopodium, Amaranthus, and Rumex species), which are used as fillings for home-made pies (byrekë and laknur). Diverse vegetables (cabbage, turnips, tomatoes, peppers, and egg plants) are cultivated and harvested in spring and summer, and are conserved mainly via lacto-fermentation for consumption during the winter. Despite an almost total lack of medical assistance, the villagers of Theth gather only a few medicinal herbs on a regular basis, which they use internally to treat diverse minor ailments. These include the aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L., Hypericum maculatum Crantz, Agrimonia eupatoria L., and the roots of Gentiana lutea L. The findings from this field study could eventually stimulate sustainable plant gathering and harvesting activities in Theth for small-scale trade of a few food, medicinal, and handicraft products.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Potherb mustard (Brassica rapa var. nipposinica) and tomato plants (scion, ‘CF Momotaro haruka’; rootstock, ‘Dokutar K’; Solanum lycopersicum) were cultured in hydroponic medium containing cesium-137 (137Cs) at three different concentrations (0.03, 0.13 and 1.03 Bq L?1), and uptake of 137C into the plants was determined. When the 137Cs radioactivity concentration in the medium was 1.03 Bq L?1, the 137Cs radioactivity concentrations in the edible portions of the plants were 4.80 Bq kg?1 fresh weight for the potherb mustard plants and 3.60 Bq kg?1 fresh weight for the tomato plants. In both species, the 137Cs radioactivity concentration in the edible portions decreased with decreasing 137Cs radioactivity concentration in the culture medium. When the 137Cs radioactivity concentration in the medium was 0.03 Bq L?1, a concentration observed in many streams and in tap water in Fukushima Prefecture after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, the 137Cs radioactivity concentrations in the edible portions of the plants were 0.50 and 0.15 Bq kg?1 fresh weight for potherb mustard and tomato plants, respectively. These values are less than the Japanese allowable limit for radiocesium in food. For both species, the transfer factors for 137Cs uptake from the culture media to the edible portions and the average transfer rates over the cultivation period were calculated.  相似文献   

19.
After decades of drought in the Sahel, several studies have reported a ‘(re)greening’ of the area. However, most of these studies were based on large scale climatological or remotely sensed observations, with little or no ground truthing. The aim of this study was to assess the local perceptions of the distribution of socio‐economically important tree species in the Sub‐Sahel of Burkina Faso. Semi‐structured interviews were performed with 87 groups of informants from 20 villages belonging to three ethnic groups (Mossi, Fulani and Samo). Univariate and multivariate statistics were used to compare perceptions between the targeted ethnic groups. According to the locals, more than 80 per cent of the 90 listed species were declining, with over 40 per cent identified as threatened, including numerous plants of great economic value. Increasing species were mostly drought‐tolerant plants such as Balanites aegyptiaca. A few species were listed as locally extinct. Gender and age did not significantly affect local knowledge, whereas ethnicity did. The major causes of species decline were identified to be drought, deforestation and bushfires. In all ethnic groups, informants observed a southward shift in species distribution. Local perceptions suggest a general decline in woody vegetation. Thus, the alleged (re)greening in the Sahel might not have reversed the degradation of woody species in the area. Data derived from local ecological knowledge were consistent with that of many ecological studies, suggesting the reliability of people's knowledge for obtaining ecological data. Information from this study can be used as baseline for conservation of species identified as threatened. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
There are about 800 different species of wild edible crops in India, out of which about 300 species are used mostly by the tribal and rural population of the North-eastern region alone. This region is the natural reservoir of a number of wild edible fruits. These naturally occurring fruit are not only nutritionally and medicinally rich but also thrive well under adverse climatic conditions and are resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In spite of their potential, these fruits are unattended both at scientific and farmers level. Due to lack of proper documentation, the information about the ethno-botanical uses of these fruits have been lost at an alarming rate. Therefore, an attempt has been made during 2015–16 at to enumerate the ethno-medicinal uses and socio-economic importance of wild edible fruits of Mokokchung district of Nagaland, India. In the present study, altogether 55 wild edible fruit species belonging to 29 families have been enumerated. These fruits are used traditionally for the treatment of gastro-intestinal disorders, respiratory ailments, urogenital problems, dermatological problems, fever, cuts and wounds, diabetes, jaundice, cardiovascular problems, nutritional disorders, antidote, bone diseases, cancer, toothache, opthalmia, ENT, food poison, malaria and allergy. In addition, these fruits have also been use in the socio-economic life of the rural people as constructional timber, firewood, fodder, charcoal, fish poisoning, dyes, oil etc. Although, these fruits play an important role in the social and cultural life of rural people, but most of them are going to be extinct due to a number of factors. Therefore, there is urgent need to conserve these species for livelihood security of rural people.  相似文献   

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