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1.
冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinensis)是冬虫夏草菌侵染寄主蝙蝠蛾(Hepiahus spp.)幼虫而形成的虫菌复合体,是我国传统的名贵中药材。冬虫夏草菌的寄主主要分布在蝠蛾总科8个属的60多个种内,这些蝙蝠蛾主要分布于我国青藏高原的大部和云贵高原、横断山脉等地。本研究拟以采集自青海省化隆县境内的蝙蝠蛾卵为对象,明确温度与湿度互作条件下对蝙蝠蛾卵孵化的影响。在浓度为5%的PEG处理下,蝙蝠蛾卵的孵化率达89.5%,显著高于对照和其它浓度的PEG处理(P0.05)。随着温度的增加,蝙蝠蛾卵的孵化率呈先上升后下降的趋势,15℃处理下蝙蝠蛾卵的孵化率最高,为86.0%,显著高于其它3个温度处理下蝙蝠蛾卵的孵化率(P 0.05)。温度与湿度互作对蝙蝠蛾卵孵化影响的双因素方差分析结果显示,温度和湿度共同处理条件下对蝙蝠蛾卵的孵化存在明显的互作关系(F=16.334,P=0.000)。在PEG浓度为5%、温度为15℃处理下蝙蝠蛾卵孵化率最高,达到89.5%,显著高于其它处理(P 0.05)。尽管温度和湿度在蝙蝠蛾卵的孵化过程中起到了至关重要的作用,然而除此之外孵化场所的地理位置、环境中的光照等因素可能也是影响蝙蝠蛾卵孵化的重要因素。综合考虑冬虫夏草寄主蝠蛾幼虫的生长对多种生态因子的响应,筛选出冬虫夏草优势寄主蝠蛾的生长条件,为冬虫夏草的人工抚育提供技术支撑。 相似文献
2.
用不同生活期的蝙蝠蛾多毛孢子囊孢子、分生孢子、固培菌丝体和液培菌丝体作为感染源,采用四因子组合试验方案,对4龄拉脊蝠蛾幼虫进行侵染.结果表明温度为10～15℃时,对蝙蝠蛾多毛孢感染拉脊蝠蛾幼虫最有利,分生孢子感染拉脊蝠蛾幼虫的几率最大,分生孢子+液培菌丝体组合是感染拉脊蝠蛾幼虫的最佳组合. 相似文献
3.
蝙蝠蛾多毛孢感染拉脊蝠蛾幼虫的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用不同生活期的蝙蝠蛾多毛孢子囊孢子、分生孢子、固培菌丝体和液培菌丝体作为感染源,采用四因子组合试验方案,对4龄拉脊蝠蛾幼虫进行侵染。结果表明:温度为10￣15℃时,对蝙蝠蛾多毛孢感染拉脊蝠蛾幼虫最有利,分生孢子感染拉脊蝠蛾幼虫的几率最大,分生孢子+液培菌丝体组合是感染拉脊蝠蛾幼虫的最佳组合。 相似文献
4.
昆虫野外交配行为与地理环境、气象因素等有关系。通过3年观测蝠蛾野外的羽化情况和交配行为,分析气象因素和地理环境对蝠蛾的羽化、交配和产卵的影响及对产卵量的相关性,结果表明:蝠蛾孵化时间为每日的17:00点左右,气象因素为有微风、阳光充足,地理环境为缓坡多灌丛地带时,随着拉脊蝠蛾的羽化数量和质量的提高、成虫交配数量的增加,产卵量明显上升。通过多元回归方程分析,在人工干预下提高交配数量可以进一步提高产卵量。 相似文献
5.
拉脊蝠蛾是青海省北部高寒草甸地区冬虫夏草主要寄主昆虫之一.1996～2000年通过对其生物学特性进行的系统观察和研究表明,在10～15℃、70%～80%的人工饲养条件下,拉脊蝠蛾完成一个世代平均需要531.1 d. 相似文献
6.
青海拉脊蝠蛾的生物学特性观察研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
拉脊蝠蛾是青海省北部高寒草甸地区冬虫夏草主要寄主昆虫之一。1996-2000年通过对其生物学特性进行 的系统观察和研究表明,在10-15℃、’70％-80％的人工饲养条件下,拉脊蝠蛾完成一个世代平均需要531.1 d。 相似文献
7.
青海虫草蝠蛾幼虫空间分布型及抽样技术的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
运用青海蝠蛾幼虫3年的调查资料，通过Iwao平均拥挤度、Taylor幂法则和聚集度指标等7种方法，分析测得青海虫草蝠蛾幼虫的空间分布型为聚集分布。确定了最佳抽样方法为“Z”字型抽样。 相似文献
8.
9.
虫草蝠蛾幼虫空间分布型的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用对青海省内虫草蝠蛾幼虫２ 年的调查资料,通过对丛生指标Ｉ、聚块性指标Ｍ ／ Ｍ 、平均拥挤度Ｍ 、扩散指标Ｉδ、聚集系数Ｃ 和聚集度指标ＣＡ 的测定,阐明了虫草蝠蛾幼虫空间分布格局的基本成分为个体群;种群基本成分的分布格局为聚集分布,并符合负二项式理论分布型。 相似文献
10.
柑桔潜叶蛾是柑桔以及部分芸香科植物上的一种危害性较大的害虫。本文回顾了有关柑桔潜叶蛾生物防治的研究进展与应用概况,主要从病原微生物、性诱剂、植物挥发性次生物质、寄生性天敌及捕食性天敌的研究和应用现状进行了综述,旨在为今后柑桔潜叶蛾的持继综合治理提供生物防治方面的参考。 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
13.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
15.
16.
Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
17.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
20.
Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664