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1.
We evaluated the behavior of skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye tuna (T. obesus) associated with drifting fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the equatorial central Pacific Ocean. A total of 30 skipjack [34.5–65.0 cm in fork length (FL)], 43 yellowfin (31.6–93.5 cm FL) and 32 bigeye tuna (33.5–85.5 cm FL) were tagged with coded transmitters and released near two drifting FADs. At one of the two FADs, we successfully monitored the behavior of all three species simultaneously. Several individuals remained around the same FAD for 10 or more days. Occasional excursions from the FAD were observed for all three species, some of which occurred concurrently for multiple individuals. The detection rate was higher during the daytime than the nighttime for all the species, and the detection rate for bigeye tuna was higher than for yellowfin or skipjack tuna. The swimming depth was deeper during the daytime than nighttime for all species. The fish usually remained shallower than 100 m, but occasionally dived to around 150 m or deeper, most often for bigeye and yellowfin tuna during the daytime. The swimming depth for skipjack tuna was shallower than that for bigeye and yellowfin tuna, although the difference was not large, and is probably not sufficient to allow the selective harvest of skipjack and yellowfin tuna by the purse seine fishery. From the detection rate of the signals, bigeye tuna is considered to be more vulnerable to the FAD sets than yellowfin and skipjack tuna.  相似文献   

2.
To provide target strength (TS) information for estimating the body length of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares and its abundance around fish aggregating devices, TS was measured ex situ and in situ. In the ex situ TS measurements, two cameras synchronized with a 200 kHz echosounder were used to obtain the precise orientation of the yellowfin tuna under free swimming conditions. The ex situ TS (dB re 1 m2)–fork length (FL, cm) regression was: TS = 27.06 log (FL) − 85.04. Ex situ TS was found to reach its maximum in the tilt angle range of −15° to −20° after excluding TS samples with insignificant correlation to the tilt angle. The angle between the vertebra and the swim bladder was approximately 25° according to X-ray images, supporting the above tilt range. The relationship between the swim bladder volume (V SB, ml) and the fork length was: V SB = 0.000213 FL3. The results from the in situ TS measurements indicated that the tilt angle was highly concentrated between −10° and 15°. The results from a calculation using the ex situ TS–FL equation with the fork length from biological sampling agreed strongly with the average in situ TS.  相似文献   

3.
中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔获物组成分析   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1  
根据 2 0 0 4年 7月 2 8日至 9月 1日在中西太平洋海域的金枪鱼围网生产调查结果 ,以及“金汇 2号”2 0 0 3年全年的生产数据 ,对中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔获物组成进行了初步分析。结果显示 ,渔获物种类有鲣鱼 (Katsuwonuspelamis)、黄鳍金枪鱼 (Thunnusalbacares)和大眼金枪鱼 (Thunnusobesus)等 19种 ;渔获物重量组成中鲣鱼占 70 .5 1% ,黄鳍金枪鱼占 2 6 .92 % ,其它鱼类占 2 .5 6 % ;鲣鱼的叉长范围为 2 7～ 81cm ,优势叉长组为 4 0～ 5 0cm ,占 4 1% ;黄鳍金枪鱼叉长范围为 32～ 16 5cm ,优势叉长组为 5 0～ 70cm ,占 33% ,另一优势叉长组为 110～ 130cm ,占 2 0 % ;渔获物重量组成存在海域差异 ,在 16 2°E以东海域鲣鱼比例高于以西海域 ,黄鳍金枪鱼则是在 16 2°E以西海域的比例较高。  相似文献   

4.
To determine the sexual maturity of fourteen male wild-caught hawksbill turtles [straight carapace length (SCL) range 63–79 cm] held in captivity, we investigated their hormone levels in blood and morphological characteristics. Male turtles were divided into two groups: five individuals showing mating behavior (group A) and nine individuals not showing mating behavior (group B). Then, seasonal changes of plasma testosterone of both groups were studied. We also tried to determine male maturity based on tail elongation (TE) index, i.e., the ratio of tail length (TL) to SCL. Plasma testosterone level of group A gradually increased during premating and then sharply declined to low levels between mating and postmating seasons. In contrast, that of group B remained low during the experimental periods. The distinct seasonal changes of plasma testosterone levels of groups A and B correlated with their maturity. Furthermore, males were clearly divided into mature and immature based on TE values >0.35 and <0.33, respectively, corresponding to results based on plasma testosterone levels. Our results indicate that TE can be used more conveniently and accurately to determine maturity of male hawksbill turtles in captivity.  相似文献   

5.
Macroscopic- and histological-based assessments of gonad condition were compared with ultrasound images to determine the feasibility of this technology as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for identifying sex and assessing maturation status of Murray cod. Four age-classes (1+, 2+, 3+ and 6+ years), were sub-sampled at monthly intervals throughout their annual reproductive cycle and scanned with a 5 MHz linear transducer. An interpretation of sex was made from the resulting images and maximum cross-sectional gonad diameter and area were recorded. Fish were subsequently dissected to confirm gender, and the weights and maturation status of gonads determined and then compared with their respective image profile. Ovaries of females were usually a distinctive feature in ultrasound images, being particularly obvious in older and/or more developed fish. In contrast, the identification of male testis was more problematic. Nonetheless, identifying sex from ultrasound images was consistently achieved by recording the presence/absence of a female ovary (96% total sexing accuracy). Maximum cross-sectional ovary diameter and area were highly correlated with gonad weight (r2 = 0.90 and 0.89, respectively) suggesting that indices of maturation status, comparable to the gonadosomatic index (GSI), can be obtained non-destructively from ultrasound scans of females. A less distinct relationship occurred between these dimensions and weight of testes (r2 = 0.41). Significant increases (P < 0.05) in mean gonad index (GI, calculated from gonad diameter) occurred for most gonad development stages. However, differences in mean GI between maturation stages were confounded by phenotypic variability, indicating that GI may be limited to population level studies. Nevertheless, ultrasound images of ovaries at each development stage were visually distinctive and enabled qualitative evaluations of maturity, thereby complementing quantitative GI assessments. Repeated serial-monitoring of the same population using ultrasound appears to have great potential for tracking maturation-induced changes in broodfish.  相似文献   

6.
《水生生物资源》2000,13(4):213-223
In Hawaii, a variety of small- and medium-scale pelagic fisheries target fishing effort on a network of coastal moored FADs, natural inshore tuna aggregation points, offshore seamounts and offshore weather monitoring buoys. Large-scale longline vessels also operate in the Hawaii exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and beyond. These circumstances provide an ideal setting for tag-and-release experiments designed to elucidate the movement patterns, residence times, exchange rates and vulnerability of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) within the Hawaiian EEZ. Preliminary recapture data indicate that FADs, island reef ledges and seamounts exert an overwhelming influence on the catchability of tuna. Recapture rates from these locations vastly outweigh tag returns from open water areas. As of August 31, 1999, a total of l5 387 bigeye and, yellowfin tuna ranging in size from 29 to 133 cm fork length (FL) and from 26 to143 cm FL respectively (mean 59.8 ± 14.1 cm; 58.4 ± 17.3 cm) have been tagged and released throughout the Hawaii EEZ. Recapture rates for both species have been similar with an overall recapture rate of l0.3 %. The location of tag releases reflects the importance of associative behavior and schooling to the vulnerability of tuna; seamounts and FADs accounted for 72.4 % and 23.5 % of all tag releases. Within the main Hawaiian Island group (excluding the offshore seamounts and buoys), 83.1 % of all recaptures have been made on anchored FADs and 11.9 % of recaptures have come from ledges or tuna aggregation areas close to the islands where bigeye and yellowfin tuna become vulnerable to hook and line gear. As these studies continue, additional and longer-term recaptures will provide increasingly detailed information on the movement patterns and vulnerability of bigeye and yellowfin tuna as they grow, move and recruit to different fisheries.  相似文献   

7.
印度洋中南部大眼金枪鱼生物学特性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
根据2008年9月~2009年4月在印度洋中南部金枪鱼延绳钓渔场调查期间收集的大眼金枪鱼生物学数据,对其基本的生物学特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)叉长范围为57~184 cm,优势叉长组为101~110cm和121~130 cm,约占总数的41.7%,平均叉长为119.5 cm;(2)不分性别大眼金枪鱼叉长(FL)与加工后重(DW)的关系可表达为:DW=2.407 6×10-5FL2.931 6,雌雄个体差异不显著(F=0.207,P0.05);(3)调查期间,大眼金枪鱼雄性比例为56.55%,当叉长大于140 cm时,雄性占优势;调查期间,该海域大眼金枪鱼的繁殖期为10月~翌年4月,繁殖峰期为10月~翌年1月;(4)摄食种类中柔鱼、帆蜥鱼和虾类所占比重较高,分别占36.0%、20.1%和18.0%;各月份摄食等级1~4级分布呈显著性差异(χ2=191.20,P0.01),各叉长组大眼金枪鱼摄食等级变化无显著性差异(χ2=41.08,P0.05)。  相似文献   

8.
We developed a simple dry shipper method for cryopreserving the sperm of Scombridae fish in outdoor environments. First, we undertook a preliminary study to optimize the sperm cryopreservation conditions using bullet tuna, Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) sperm. We found that the optimum cryomedium contained 90% foetal bovine serum (FBS) or 300 mM trehalose as an external cryoprotectant and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an internal cryoprotectant. Under these optimized conditions, the post‐thaw sperm had a duration of motility of 500 s and a motility rate of >70%. We then performed practical trials of the optimized protocol in various outdoor environments (e.g., fishing boats and ports) using the sperm of five Scombridae species: chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782); blue mackerel, S. australasicus (Cuvier, 1832); skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758); longtail tuna Thunnus tonggol, (Bleeker, 1851) and Pacific bluefin tuna, T. orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844). The post‐thaw sperm of all five of these species had a duration of motility of 650 s and a motility rate of >70%, indicating that this simple method can be used to obtain high‐quality cryopreserved sperm of various Scombridae species in outdoor environments.  相似文献   

9.
Bluefin tuna maintain a higher body temperature than ambient sea water. Body heat is derived mainly from metabolic heat to elevate and maintain regional body temperature that is higher than the ambient, while heat loss is caused by heat transfer throughout the whole body surface and gills. Retention of high body temperature is thought to differ at each growth stage, so that a larger body mass maintains a higher body temperature. We evaluated the whole-body heat transfer coefficient, thermal difference between each tissue and water temperature, and metabolic heat in tissues during swimming of juvenile bluefin tuna as a function of fork length (FL) using a small thermometer and a treadmill-type flow tank. A system for maintaining high body temperature was well developed in fish with FL greater than 20.0 cm. Whole-body heat transfer coefficient was fitted to a −0.695 power of mass. Juvenile bluefin tuna showed a transition speed of 3.0 FL/s at which they switched from aerobic to anaerobic motion.  相似文献   

10.
《水生生物资源》2000,13(4):233-240
Since 1991, fishing operations on tuna schools associated with drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) have become widespread in the purse seine fishery in the Gulf of Guinea. In the offshore South Sherbro area (0–5° N, 10–20° W), FAD-associated catches represent about 75 % of the total catch. This FAD fishery exploits concentrations of skipjack mixed with a smaller amount of bigeye and yellowfin tuna of similar size (46 cm), and some large yellowfin. Catches on unassociated tuna schools are mainly composed of large yellowfin in breeding phase and skipjack. Here we studied tuna diet in relation with the aggregation mode (FAD-associated or unassociated tuna schools), species, and size. The stomach contents of around 800 fish were analysed. Numerous empty stomachs were found, especially in fish caught under FADs. Diets were similar for all small-size tuna sharing the same aggregation type. Small tuna mainly feed on Vinciguerria nimbaria (Photichthyidae), a mesopelagic fish of the micronekton, whereas large tuna mainly feed on Scombridae, mixed with Cubiceps pauciradiatus (Nomeidae) when they were caught in unassociated schools. The feeding habits of tuna are discussed with emphasis on the behavior of V. nimbaria. Estimations of the daily ration of similarly sized tuna with the same aggregation mode were very close. The low estimated rations for small, FAD-associated tuna show that logs do not have a trophic function, but rather are a refuge. In contrast, FADs seem to influence the diet of large tuna because of the Scombridae prey that probably is associated to the FAD.  相似文献   

11.
The annual reproductive cycle of picnic seabream, Acanthopagrus berda (Forsskål, 1775), one of the potential aquaculture candidate from estuarine waters of Calicut, Kerala (India) was studied. Based on the morphological and histological studies, the ovotestes of A. berda were classified as active male, active female, inactive male, inactive female, transitional and undifferentiated. Histological observation of transitional gonads showed signs of degeneration in the testicular lobe, proliferation of connective tissue and empty sperm ducts indicating protandrous hermaphroditism in A. berda. Ovary was classified into seven maturity stages (virgin, developing virgin, developing, maturing, mature, running, spent) and testis into five maturity stages (resting, maturing, mature, running, spent). Gonadal development in A. berda indicated resting phase (February–July), pre‐spawning phase (March–August) and spawning phase (August–December). Inactive (24.6%) and active males (21.6%) were observed as dominant in smaller length classes (140–250 mm TL), whereas inactive (18%) and active females (51%) were observed as dominant in larger length classes (251–450 mm TL). Few primary females (28.1%) were observed in smaller (below 250 mm TL) and few primary males (28.5%) were observed in larger length classes (above 250 mm TL). From the present study, it can be concluded that in A. berda, most of the individuals function first as males and then change sex to female, but few continue to function as either male or female throughout their lifespan indicating digynous protandrous hermaphroditism.  相似文献   

12.
Skipjack tuna habitat in the western North Pacific was studied from satellite remotely sensed environment and catch data, using generalized additive models and geographic information systems. Weekly resolved remotely sensed sea surface temperature, surface chlorophyll, sea surface height anomalies and eddy kinetic energy data were used for the year 2004. Fifteen generalized additive models were constructed with skipjack catch per unit effort as a response variable, and sea surface temperature, sea surface height anomalies and eddy kinetic energy as model covariates to assess the effect of environment on catch per unit effort (skipjack tuna abundance). Model selection was based on significance of model terms, reduction in Akaike’s Information Criterion, and increase in cumulative deviance explained. The model selected was used to predict skipjack tuna catch per unit effort using monthly resolved environmental data for assessing model performance and to visualize the basin scale distribution of skipjack tuna habitat. Predicted values were validated using a linear model. Based on the four‐parameter model, skipjack tuna habitat selection was significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by sea surface temperatures ranging from 20.5 to 26°C, relatively oligotrophic waters (surface chlorophyll 0.08–0.18, 0.22–0.27 and 0.3–0.37 mg m?3), zero to positive anomalies (surface height anomalies 0–50 cm), and low to moderate eddy kinetic energy (0–200 and 700–2500 cm2 s–2). Predicted catch per unit effort showed a trend consistent with the north–south migration of skipjack tuna. Validation of predicted catch per unit effort with that observed, pooled monthly, was significant (P < 0.01, r2 = 0.64). Sea surface temperature explained the highest deviance in generalized additive models and was therefore considered the best habitat predictor.  相似文献   

13.
The present study investigated the effects of lipid oxidation on quality deterioration in the ordinary and dark muscles of skipjack tuna Katuwonus pelamis during the early stages of ice storage for 72 h. The lipid hydroperoxide content of the dark muscle was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of the ordinary muscle throughout 72 h of ice storage. The metmyoglobin content of the ordinary muscle gradually increased, and was accompanied with darkening in the fish meat color. On the other hand, the addition of sodium ascorbate or 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox®) to the ordinary muscle of skipjack tuna significantly inhibited the formation of lipid hydroperoxide as well as metmyoglobin formation. Thus, a decrease in α-tocopherol content in the ordinary muscle with antioxidant addition was not observed during ice storage period. In conclusion, the rate of lipid oxidation of skipjack tuna ordinary muscle is closely related to metmyoglobin formation, and the addition of antioxidants to fish meat is effective at inhibiting lipid oxidation as well as myoglobin oxidation in post-mortem meat.  相似文献   

14.
The phospholipid class composition, fatty acid composition and phospholipase A1 (PLA1) activity from the ovaries of skipjack tuna were compared with those of six other species of marine fish. In the skipjack ovaries, the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) proportion for the phospholipid, the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) percentage for the total fatty acids of the phospholipids and the PLA1 activity of the crude enzyme were the highest among those of the seven species. The optimum pH and temperature for the PLA1 activity of the crude enzyme from the skipjack ovaries were in the range of pH 6–7 and 20–30°C, respectively, and calcium ions were not required. As a substrate, phosphatidylcholine was more easily hydrolyzed than phosphatidylethanolamine by this enzyme, and the plasmalogen-type phospholipid was much lower than the acyl-type phospholipid. After a 6-h hydrolysis reaction of the purified phospholipid extracted from the mixed ovaries of skipjack and yellowfin tuna by this enzyme, the LPC ratio of the phospholipid increased from 20 to 72.6% and the percentage of DHA for the total fatty acids of the phospholipid also increased. Thus, skipjack ovaries might possibly be used as a source of PLA1.  相似文献   

15.
Fisheries management requires knowledge on the population dynamics of exploited stocks. To that end, the present study used a mark–recapture approach to characterise the population demographics of roundjaw bonefish Albula glossodonta (Forsskål) and their interaction with a data‐limited fishery on Anaa Atoll in the Tuamotu Archipelago of French Polynesia. Over the course of the study, 2,509 bonefish were tagged and 12.3% were recaptured. The L∞ of bonefish was estimated at 71 cm fork length (FL) with a K of 0.17, based on changes in FL between capture events. Artisanal fish traps located in the migratory corridors of the atoll accounted for 94% of recaptures and these movements occurred during the waning moon. Fishing mortality increased as bonefish reach sexual maturity, recruiting to the trap fishery at age 4 with the onset of spawning behaviour. Bonefish abundance between ages 3 and 5 was estimated to be 29,079 individuals. This case study demonstrated the utility of mark–recapture in filling knowledge gaps that impede the management of data‐limited fisheries. Ultimately, these results supported the creation of an Educational Managed Marine Area and the resurgence of rahui (seasonal closure) to manage this fishery.  相似文献   

16.
The reproduction of Holothuria floridana in Campeche bay, southern Gulf of Mexico, was investigated over a period of 12 months by macroscopic and histological examination of the gonad and gametogenesis. A total of 1938 specimens were collected. Their body gutted weight and body gutted length ranged from 15 to 225 g and 5 to 21 cm, respectively. Percentage of the gonad weight to the gutted body weight (gonad index, GI) increased steadily from December to April, rapidly declined in May, and remained low during the following months. GI displayed a negative correlation with temperature of the habitat and no correlation with salinity. The gonad maturity scale with five stages was developed from macroscopic and microscopic observations; I, recovery; II, growing; III, early mature; IV, mature and V, spent. Stages III to V were observed all around the year, suggesting that this species displays continuous reproduction with two peaks of spawning events; from March to April and in September. The presence of viscera regurgitated individuals caused high variability in GI. The sex-ratio varied from 1:1 (December 2013 to June 2014), to 1.37:1 (November 2013); we suggest that this may be the consequence of unintentional selective fishing. The body length and body weight at the first maturity were calculated to be 13.4 cm and 87.0 g, respectively. For resource management it will be necessary to address some reference points like harvest season and avoidance of catches shorter than length at first maturity.  相似文献   

17.
Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) have much greater vertical mobility than yellowfin (T. albacares) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) tunas, due to an apparent greater tolerance of the changes in ambient temperature and oxygen occurring with depth. In an attempt to identify physiological processes (e.g., effects of temperature on cardiac function) responsible for these behavioral differences, we examined enzyme activities (at 12 °C, 17 °C, and 25 °C) of cardiac muscle in all three species. Contrary to our expectations, we found few differences and no clear explanatory patterns in maximum enzyme activities (Vmax) or enzyme activity ratios. For example, citrate synthase (CS) activity was the same in bigeye and skipjack tunas, but 40% lower in yellowfin tuna, whereas carnitine palmotoyltransferase (CPT) activity in skipjack tuna was approximately double that in the other two species. The ratio of CPT to pyruvate kinase (PK) activity, a measure of the tissues preference for fatty acids as metabolic substrates, was the same in bigeye and yellowfin tunas, but elevated skipjack tuna. The ratios of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to CS activity and of PK to CS activity (anaerobic–aerobic enzyme activity ratios – taken as measures of the tissues ability to tolerate hypoxia) were both elevated in yellowfin tuna cardiac tissue relative to the other two species. We also found no differences in temperature sensitivity (Q10 values) when comparing cardiac enzyme activities across species, nor effects of temperature on the substrate affinity (Km) of LDH. In sum, our results do not suggest any clear metabolic difference in the cardiac muscle that would explain the apparent greater tolerance of bigeye tuna to acute hypoxia and ambient temperature changes or their substantially greater vertical mobility.  相似文献   

18.
Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) ranks third among marine resources that sustain global fisheries. This study delimits the spatiotemporal habitat of the species in the south‐western Atlantic Ocean, based on operational oceanography. We used generalized additive models (GAMs) and catch data from six pole‐and‐line fishing vessels operating during 2014 and 2015 fishing seasons to assess the effect of environmental variables on catch. We also analysed Modis sensor images of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface chlorophyll‐α concentration (SCC) to describe fishing ground characteristics in time and space. Catch was positively related to thermocline depth (24–45 m), SST (22–24.5°C), SCC (0.08–0.14 mg/m³) and salinity (34.9–35.8). Through SST images, we identified that thermal fronts were the main surface feature associated with a higher probability to find skipjack. Also, we state that skipjack fishery is tightly related to shelf break because bottom topography drives the position of fronts in this area. Ocean colour fronts and plankton enrichment were important proxies, accessible through SCC, used to delineate skipjack fishing grounds. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was higher towards summer (median 14 t/fishing day) due to the oceanographic characteristics of the southern region. High productivity in this sector of the Brazilian coast defines the main skipjack feeding areas and, as a consequence, the greatest abundance and availability for fishing.  相似文献   

19.
Morphological features of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis have important functions for its fast swimming. Morphological features of tuna change with growth; therefore, morphological functions may develop during this process. In this study, we precisely quantified the morphology of bluefin tuna with growth from juvenile to young adult using a three-dimensional laser profiler and evaluated the fluid dynamic characteristics of tuna using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and an accurate model based on measured data. As results of measurement of morphological features, the aspect ratio and sweepback angle, which are indices of hydrodynamic characteristics for a hydrofoil, suggested that the lift force of caudal fin was increased as the tuna grows. The results of CFD analysis showed that the coefficient of drag force gradually decreased with growth. Pectoral fins generated lift force, and the ratio of lift force to submerged weight (FL/SW) increased as the tuna grew to 0.2 m total length (TL). After the tuna exceeded 0.2 m TL, FL/SW changed to a wider range in angle of attack as the tuna grew. These results suggest that the morphological function of bluefin tuna develops to enhance its swimming ability as it grows from juvenile to young adult.  相似文献   

20.
  1. Although the frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion in the large-sized dolphinfish and tunas taken by the Hawai'i longline fishery is very low (frequency of occurrence < 5% of sampled individuals), the ingestion of plastic in smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line gear by commercial and recreational fishers has not been investigated.
  2. This study examined ingestion of >0.25 mm marine plastic debris (MPD) by four predatory fish species caught by commercial fishers around the Main Hawaiian Islands, and documented ingestion in three species: 85.7% of albacore tuna (n = 7), 40.0% of skipjack tuna (n = 10) and 12.5% of dolphinfish (n = 8).
  3. Yellowfin tuna (n = 10) did not contain any MPD, probably owing to the high proportion of empty stomachs (60%).
  4. For skipjack tuna, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was significantly higher for the smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line (40%), compared with the larger-sized specimens caught with longlines (0%).
  5. For dolphinfish, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was similar for the similar-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line and with longlines.
  6. The ingested MPD items were micro–meso plastics, between 1 and 25 mm. While most ingested items were fragments, albacore also ingested line and skipjack also ingested sheets.
  7. The predatory fishes ingested light MPD items that float in sea water, but there were species-specific differences in their polymer composition: albacore contained more polypropylene and polyethylene, and skipjack contained more elastomers, characterized by a high percentage of ester plasticizers.
  8. Altogether, these results suggest that albacore and skipjack tunas ingest plastic of different types and polymers. Yet more research is needed to understand how differences in vertical distribution, foraging ecology and diet influence the MPD sampled by these predatory fish species.
  相似文献   

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