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大豆花叶病毒(SMV)两个新株系的鉴定 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
1983—1984年在南京本校大豆研究室试验田内的“广吉”品种上分离到K_1和K_2两个病毒分离物。根据它们的寄主范围、体外抗性和蚜虫介体传病特性,电镜观察病毒粒体形态和内含体特征,以及SDS——琼脂双扩散的血清学反应,证实了K_1和K_2两个分离物都是属于马铃薯Y病毒组的大豆花叶病毒(SMV)。在大豆花叶病毒株系鉴别寄主上,K_1和K_2分离物与已鉴定的大豆花叶病毒S_A、S_B、S_C和S_E几个江苏株系的反应不同,主要是K_1和K_2两个株系都能系统侵染大豆“广吉”品种。K_1表现为系统轻斑驳花叶,而K_2为系统枯斑和叶脉坏死。此外,K_1不能侵染大豆品种“齐黄1号”和蚕豆品种“三白”等。以上证明,K_1和K_2两个分离物是江苏大豆花叶病毒(SMV)上的新株系。为了统一大豆花叶病毒的株系编号,将K_1和K_2分离物分别定名为S_G和S_H株系。 相似文献
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用大豆花叶病毒免疫的BALB/c小鼠脾细胞与Sq2/0鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,获得3株分泌抗大豆花叶病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,S-1、S-2和S-3。它们的鼠腹水滴度高达1:107,能被大豆花叶病毒兔抗血清所阻断。单克隆抗体与其它三种植物病毒不起反应,对大豆花叶病毒的不同株系有特异性差异。 相似文献
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对40个供试菜用大豆品种进行了抗2个SMV流行株系的鉴定。结果表明,有4个品种抗SC-3株系,分别是‘苏鲜4号’、‘浙鲜豆5号’、‘奎丰4号’和‘KVS124’;‘浙农8号’和‘苏鲜4号’抗SC-7株系,‘苏鲜4号’兼抗SC-3和SC-7株系。这些品种可作为抗源用于抗病品种选育和与抗性遗传相关的研究。此外,还鉴定筛选出‘通豆6号’、‘青酥2号’、‘青酥4号’、‘青酥5号’和‘青酥6号’等5个品种对SMV的主要流行株系SC-3表现耐病,这些品种可直接用于菜用大豆的生产。研究还显示,来自江苏地区的育成品种抗性相对较好,而来自上海崇明的地方大豆品种资源抗性普遍较差,这可能与该地区流行的SMV株系的类型相关。 相似文献
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本文研究了影响大豆花叶病毒种子传毒及种子斑驳的有关因素,以及种子传毒与种子斑驳的关系。结果表明,种子传毒率的高低受大豆品种,大豆花叶病毒(SMV)毒株,大豆感病早晚以及环境条件的影响。这些因素之间对种子传毒还存在交互作用。供试的12个大豆品种中,传毒率最高的为47%,最低的为25%;包括SMV Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ号3个株系群的8个毒株在东农64-3513上传毒率的变化范围为1-33%,在抗霉2号上的变化范围为9-48%;大豆在开花以前感染SMV,种子传毒率可达45%,开花以后感病,种子基本不能传毒。
种子斑驳率因大豆品种,SMV毒株不同而异,并受品种与毒株交互作用的影响。种子斑驳既不代表种子带毒,也不代表种子传毒;从感病植株上采收的大豆种子,其斑驳种子与非斑驳种子的传毒率基本相同(P>0.05),因此,不能从种子斑驳率预测种子传毒率。 相似文献
种子斑驳率因大豆品种,SMV毒株不同而异,并受品种与毒株交互作用的影响。种子斑驳既不代表种子带毒,也不代表种子传毒;从感病植株上采收的大豆种子,其斑驳种子与非斑驳种子的传毒率基本相同(P>0.05),因此,不能从种子斑驳率预测种子传毒率。 相似文献
5.
黄淮区大豆花叶病毒株系组成与分布 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
用8个大豆品种作为一组株系鉴别寄主,将黄淮豆区8省市202个毒株划分为7个株系(y1~y7)。y1及y2为弱毒株系,仅侵染感病品种(1138-2、文丰5号);y3、y4、y5为中毒株系,分别侵染感病和中抗品种(齐黄10号、徐豆1号、诱变30、鲁豆4号);y6及y7为强毒株系,除侵染以上品种外,还侵染高抗品种(齐黄22、密荚1号)。全区弱毒株系占55.9%,中毒株系占28.7%,强毒株系占15.3%。江苏、山东、河南、河北、安徽和北京市以弱毒株系为主(43.5%~88.9%),山西省以中毒株系为主(50.0%),陕西省弱毒株系、中毒株系各占50.0%,山东、河南、河北3省强毒株系所占比例较高(22.4%~33.3%)。株系分布具有一定的稳定性。 相似文献
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我国东北部五省市SMV对大豆主栽品种的毒力测定 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
自东北三省、山东及北京中国科学院遗传所农场(培育黄淮海豆区大豆品种)采集SMV毒株231个,用各地当前大豆主栽品种56个测定毒株的毒力。结果将SMV分为3个株系群,7个亚群,13个株系,即S1,S2-1M,S2-1N,S2-2M,S2-2N,S2-3M,S2-3N,S3-1M,S3-1N,S3-2M,S3-2N,S3-3M,S3-3N。除S1外,各亚群包括引起系统花叶(M)及系统坏死(N)2类株系。大豆品种按抗性归成8类。病毒群体毒力自北向南逐渐增强,黑龙江省的毒株群体毒力最弱,北京的最强,品种抗性也自北向南逐渐增高,黑龙江省大多数为高感品种,吉林多为中感品种,辽宁为中抗品种,北京全属高抗品种,品种抗性水平与病毒群体毒力相互适应。 相似文献
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大豆花叶病毒的株系鉴定 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
作者用江苏省大豆重花叶(S_A)、轻花叶(S_B)、黄斑坏死(S_C)、顶枯(S_E)以及黑龙江的黄斑花叶(S_D)和顶枯(S_F)的分离物,在菜豆品种“Top Crop”的离体叶鉴定都产生局部枯斑。6个分离物都可以由几种蚜虫(桃蚜、萝卜蚜、苜蓿蚜)传毒,温度钝化点在50～55℃或55～60℃之间,稀释限点为10~(-2)或10~(-3),体外存活期(室温在25℃以上)为24～36小时,电镜下粒体形态都是线条形,它们的寄主范围都很窄,只侵染豆科植物中的少数几个种。这6个分离物都属于大豆花叶病毒。但是它们的寄主范围和在大豆品种上的反应有所不同、S_A和S_B对扁豆的侵染力很强,S_D和S_F不侵染扁豆,S_C和S_E侵染力居中,S_A和S_B在菜豆品种家雀蛋上发生系统花叶,其余四个分离物只在接种叶上出现黄斑和叶脉坏死。温室内测定了37个大豆品种或品系对6个分离物的反应,没有对6个分离物都免疫的品种,6个分离物在1138—2、493—1等9个品种都出现系统花叶,在合丰23、南农133—3、齐黄1号、徐豆1号和科系8号上,6个分离物的反应有稳定的明显的差异。根据6个分离物在大豆品种、扁豆和菜豆(家雀蛋)上的症状反应,认为6个分离物是大豆花叶病毒的6个不同株系,S_A和S_B的性状相似。室内测定同一个株系在不同品种上反应的症状不同,例如南京重型花叶S_A,轻花叶S_B在许多品种上出现系统花叶但在齐黄1号和徐豆1号上形成系统枯斑。黑龙江的顶枯S_F只在合丰23等少数品种上出现顶枯症状,多数品种是系统花叶。因此,症状类型不能代表株系的特征、而是株系与品种组合之间的特异性反应。我们认为用症状的表现来作为株系的名称是不一定确切的。 相似文献
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9.
黄淮海大豆新品种（系）的抗病性评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大豆花叶病毒（SMV）、大豆孢囊线虫（SCN）和大豆根腐病（SRR）是危害中国乃至世界大豆生产的3种主要病害。为了评价黄淮海选育的大豆新品种（系）对这3种病害的抗性水平, 采用温网室接种鉴定及田间调查自然发病的方法, 对72份大豆新品种（系）进行了抗病性鉴定。结果表明, ‘中作J8012’、‘蒙01-38’、‘汾豆86’、‘中作X96328’、‘阜08-190’等9个品系对SMV流行株系SC3和SC7表现高抗或抗病, 占参试品种总数的12.5%; ‘周01015-1’、‘远育8号’和‘冀豆17’ 3个品系对SCN 1号生理小种表现中抗; 自然条件下, 抗SRR病情指数在15以下的大豆材料有31份, 占鉴定总数的43.06%; 对SMV和SRR的抗性水平均在中抗及以上的有‘阜08-325’、‘HD0113’、‘太丰6号’等8个品系, 占参试品种数的11. 11%, 而对3种病害的抗性水平均在中抗以上的材料仅有‘冀豆17’1份。本研究的结果可为大豆抗病育种选择亲本和培育多抗性的大豆新品种提供参考。 相似文献
10.
本文根据芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)对选择的一套日本萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)、卷心莱(Brassica oleracea subsp capitata L.)和白菜(B.campestris subsp.pekinensis)鉴别品种反应来区分从日本十字花科作物上分离的47个 TuMV 株系,将它们分为9个株系组.其中除少数高抗品种外能系统感染所有供试品种的 A.B 株系组可以用作培育高抗 TuMV 的十字花科作物品种的接种源.还发现了不同于普通和甘蓝株系组的 TuMV 甘蓝温和株系. 相似文献
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Infection cushions were formed by isolates of Rhizoctonia solani , anastomosis group 1 IA (AG-1 IA, aerial blight) and AG-1 IB (web blight) on leaves of all 10 soybean cultivars tested. Isolates of AG-1 IA and IB did not form infection cushions on soybean leaf surface replicas of either resistant or susceptible cultivars. More infection cushions were formed by isolates of AG-1 IA and IB on collodion membranes placed over leaves of susceptible cultivars compared with resistant cultivars. Isolates of AG-1 IC. AG-4 and AG-5, also formed infection cushions on soybean leaves. However, the isolates of other anastomosis groups did not form infection cushions on soybean leaves. Differential induction of infection cushion formation by the leaves of various plant species was observed, AG-1 IA formed infection cushions on more graminaceous hosts than AG-1 IB, Our results suggest that a chemical stimulus is needed for infection cushion formation. Glucose and 3- O -methylglucose repressed disease severity caused by AG-1 IA and IB isolates to the same extent. Disease severity and the number of infection cushions formed on leaves of ten soybean cultivars were correlated. Fewer infection cushions were formed on resistant cultivars than on susceptible cultivars. 相似文献
13.
我国大豆胞囊线虫生理分化动态的鉴定和监测研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
1994~1995年,对采自我国5省市(区)17个县(市)和其中4个多年重茬种植抗病品种开始感病地区的26个大豆胞囊线虫居群,在国际统一的鉴别品种上进行了生理小种鉴定。共鉴定出1~6个小种。其中6号小种当时为国内新记录;并扩大了1号、2号、3号、5号小种在国内的已知分布范围,生理小种1号在黑龙江、2号在内蒙古、3号在江苏、5号在山东,均为各该省(区)的新记录。而全国则仍以1,3,4号小种分布广,为主要致害小种。还明确监测出近年来在4个重要病区出现的大豆抗病品种持续连作重茬后失抗感病是各自的大豆胞囊线虫生理小种发生变异所致;而连作感病品种却仍为各自的原小种,只是病情加重;由之看出其病地重茬的危害具有两重性。 相似文献
14.
Axel Lehrer Shih-Long Yan Blanca Fontaniella Abdelaleim ElSayed Ewald Komor 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(1):62-68
Sugarcane cultivars with a high (susceptible cultivars) and low (resistant cultivars) virus titer of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus were grown in the field. The carbohydrate composition in green leaf tops and in stems was determined. In RT-PCR of leaf extracts,
susceptible cultivars had a high SCYLV-titer, whereas resistant cultivars had a very low titer. The cultivars differed in
biomass yield, but these differences were not correlated with susceptibility. However, carbohydrate composition did have susceptibility-specific
differences. Hexose levels were lower in green leaf tops and stalks of susceptible (strongly infected) cultivars than in those
of resistant (weakly infected) cultivars. The stalks of susceptible cultivars also had less starch than those of resistant
cultivars. Thus, the viral susceptibility (and infection) affected sugar metabolism. In addition, a positive correlation between
hexose and starch in stems and between hexose and sucrose in green leaf tops was observed. The results from susceptible versus
resistant cultivars were the opposite of those in the comparison between infected versus virus-free lines of the same cultivar.
The breeding process apparently had unintentionally selected clones with modulated carbohydrate metabolism to avoid or compensate
for the adverse effects of SCYLV infection. 相似文献
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Pathogen development and host responses in wheat spikes of resistant and susceptible cultivars infected by Fusarium culmorum causing Fusarium head blight (FHB), were investigated by means of electron microscopy as well as immunogold labelling techniques. The studies revealed similarities in the infection process and the initial spreading of the pathogen in wheat spikes between resistant and susceptible cultivars. However, the pathogen’s development was obviously more slow in the resistant cultivars as in comparison to a susceptible one. The structural defence reactions such as the formation of thick layered appositions and large papillae were essentially more pronounced in the infected host tissues of the resistant cultivars, than in the susceptible one. β -1,3-glucan was detected in the appositions and papillae. Furthermore, immunogold labelling of lignin demonstrated that there were no differences in the lignin contents of the wheat spikes between susceptible and resistant cultivars regarding the uninoculated healthy tissue, but densities of lignin in host cell walls of the infected wheat spikes differed distinctly between resistant and susceptible cultivars. The lignin content in the cell walls of the infected tissues of the susceptible wheat cultivar increased slightly, while the lignin accumulated intensely in the host cell walls of the infected wheat spikes of the resistant cultivars. These findings indicate that lignin accumulation in the infected wheat spikes may play an important role in resistance to the spreading of the pathogen in the host tissues. Immunogold labelling of the Fusarium toxin DON in the infected lemma showed the same labelling patterns in the host tissues of resistant and susceptible cultivars. However, there were distinct differences in the toxin concentration between the tissues of the susceptible and resistant cultivars. At the early stage of infection, the labelling densities for DON in resistant cultivars were significantly lower than those in the susceptible one. The present study indicates that the FHB resistant cultivars are able to develop active defence reactions during infection and spreading of the pathogen in the host tissues. The lower accumulation of the toxin DON in the tissues of the infected spikes of resistant cultivars which results from the host’s defence mechanisms may allow more intensive defence responses to the pathogen by the host. 相似文献
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在田间研究了不同大豆品种对大豆胞囊线虫(soybean cyst nematode,SCN)的发育及繁殖的影响不同。结果表明,辽K89102为抗侵入型品种,Peking、PI90763、应县小黑豆、磨石豆和Franklin等的根内线虫从J2向J3或J3向J4发育过程中受到抑制,这些品种均有不同程度的抗线虫发育特性;不同品种对其根内SCN的雌雄分化有较大影响,感病品种根内SCN雌雄比远大于抗病品种,辽豆10根内线虫雌雄比例最高,为11.5:1.0,Peking根内线虫雌雄比例最低,为0.1:1.0;不同品种根围SCN最终群体量有较大差异,辽豆10根围土壤中胞囊量增加了331.5%,Peking和磨石豆的增幅最小,为16.7%。SCN侵染后,不同品种产生的组织病理学反应不同,抗病品种产生明显的组织病理学反应,表现在品种Peking和PI437654的根内线虫虫体附近根组织细胞有坏死现象,而感病品种辽豆10和开育10则没有坏死现象。 相似文献
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猕猴桃品种酚类物质及可溶性蛋白含量与抗溃疡病的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以安徽省猕猴桃主栽品种金魁、早鲜、魁蜜、华美2号、秦美、金丰为研究对象,于展叶孕蕾期分别取发病的枝条、叶片,以未发病健株的相应组织为对照,分析枝条、叶片中酚类物质和可溶性蛋白的含量变化。结果表明：抗病品种健株枝条、叶片中可溶性蛋白含量显著高于易感病品种,说明枝条中可溶性蛋白含量与品种抗性成正相关。自然发病后,感病品种枝条中可溶性蛋白含量增加,抗病品种可溶性蛋白含量降低。抗病品种健枝条、叶片中酚类物质含量高于易感病品种的健枝、叶,发病后抗感品种酚类物质含量都增加。 相似文献
18.
Difenzoquat herbicide is used for post-emergence control of wild oat (Avena fatua L) in small grain crops. Its mechanism of action is not known, but appears to have both paraquat-like contact activity and systemic growth-inhibition activity. Experiments were conducted in vitro to compare the contact activity of difenzoquat and paraquat, to examine the contact activity of difenzoquat in difenzoquat-resistant (accession LCS) and -susceptible (accession SB 18) A fatua biotypes and -tolerant 'Ernest' and -susceptible 'Verde' hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cultivars, and to investigate the role of differential DNA synthesis as a mechanism for difenzoquat resistance. Difenzoquat at 1 mM induced significant electrolyte leakage from resistant and susceptible A fatua leaf tissue in both light and dark, but paraquat at 1 mM induced electrolyte leakage only in light and not in dark. Difenzoquat at 1 mM under light induced more electrolyte leakage from resistant and susceptible A fatua than from tolerant 'Ernest' and susceptible 'Verde' wheat. Paraquat under light conditions induced more electrolyte leakage than difenzoquat, but no significant differences among A fatua accessions and wheat cultivars were detected. Difenzoquat under light did not decrease chlorophyll levels for either A fatua accessions or wheat cultivars, whereas paraquat decreased chlorophyll content of all four plant types. Inhibition of DNA synthesis was not significantly different between susceptible and resistant A fatua, but was significantly greater in susceptible 'Verde' than tolerant 'Ernest' wheat. These data suggest that difenzoquat and paraquat, have different modes of contact activity. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Spread of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and population development of its vector Frankliniella occidentalis were studied on the pepper accessions CPRO-1 and Pikante Reuzen, which are resistant and susceptible to thrips, respectively. Viruliferous thrips were released on plants of each accession (nonchoice tests) or on plants in a 1:1 mixture of both accessions (choice tests) in small cages containing 8 or 16 plants. Significantly fewer CPRO-1 plants became infected in the primary infection phase in both tests. In the nonchoice test, virus infection of the resistant plants did not increase after the initial infection, but all plants eventually became infected when mixtures of both cultivars were challenged in the secondary infection phase. Secondary spread of TSWV from an infected resistant or susceptible source plant was significantly slower to resistant plants than to susceptible plants, independent of source plant phenotype. The restricted introduction and spread of TSWV in the thrips-resistant cultivar was confirmed in a large-scale greenhouse experiment. The restricted and delayed TSWV spread to plants of the resistant accession in both the cage and the greenhouse experiment was explained by impeded thrips population development. The results obtained indicate that thrips resistance may provide a significant protection to TSWV infection, even when the crop is fully susceptible to the virus. 相似文献