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大盾象属(Magdalis Germar,1817)已记录种类95种,分布于古北区的71种,25种分布在新北区。大盾象属既危害针叶树,也取食阔叶树,其寄主植物包括36个属71种。美洲的25种、俄罗斯31种中的22种、日本的8种,在我国均没有分布,是我国检疫工作需要关注的重点种类。 相似文献
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紫薇Lagerstroemia india是园林观赏树种,也是紫薇梨象Pseudorobitis gibbus的寄主植物。紫薇梨象具有扩散快、数量多、危害时间长等特点,该虫危害紫薇的整个发育期,对其观赏价值和生长繁育构成很大威胁。本文通过林间调查、室内饲养试验,观察并总结了该虫对寄主取食危害及其生长发育等方面的生物学特性。紫薇梨象在泰安1年发生1代,以幼虫或成虫在被害果实内休眠越冬。越冬幼虫在翌年5月前后化蛹,5月中下旬羽化,6月上中旬进入成虫盛发期,产卵集中在7月下旬～8月中旬,并且虫态交错现象严重。利用荧光显微镜对该虫从卵到成虫的不同发育阶段进行观察表明,成虫在春末夏初开始取食紫薇的嫩梢、嫩叶;随着紫薇的生长,相继危害花芽、花蕾,对紫薇花期和花量造成了严重影响。夏末,紫薇梨象产卵于幼果中,初孵幼虫主要在果实的种子外发育;2龄幼虫在果苞内取食种子,直至发育为老熟幼虫,最终果苞内的种子几乎全部被取食。根据紫薇梨象对紫薇各物候期的危害特点,防治成虫的最佳时间是6月中旬至7月初,幼虫在果实脱落前即11月前防治效果最佳。 相似文献
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核桃长足象在长阳县的发生及防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
核桃长足象 (ＡｌｃｉｄｏｄｅｓｊｕｇｌａｎｓＣｈａｏ)又名核桃果象甲、核桃甲象虫。近几年来随着核桃栽培面积的不断扩大 ,部分产区果农粗放管理造成核桃长足象暴发蔓延 ,导致核桃年年减产。 1997、1998年因核桃长足象危害 ,长阳县榔坪、乐园、贺家坪等乡镇核桃减产约 50 % ,局部地方出现绝收。核桃长足象只危害核桃 ,寄主专一 ,以幼虫危害最严重。幼虫在核桃果内取食种仁 ,果实未长大就脱落 ,受害轻的果树落果 2 0 %左右 ,严重者果实全部脱落绝收。成虫啃食嫩叶、嫩梢及幼果皮 ,对生产造成危害相对较轻。在长阳县榔坪镇 ,核桃长足象一… 相似文献
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从马来西亚进口原木上截获的几种三锥象 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从马来西亚进口原木上截获的几种三锥象陈寿铃，李德福，曾政光（福州动植物检疫局３５００１３）１９９３年，从马来西亚进口原木上截获大量甲虫，在整理制作标本过程中，发现有几种三锥象，现经鉴定为ＣｅｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｒｅｌｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓＦ，．Ｃ。ｃａｒｕｓ... 相似文献
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进口辐射松原木截获长林小蠹的检疫鉴定 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
20 0 1年 1 0月 ,南京出入境检验检疫局检疫人员对来自新西兰的进口辐射松原木实施检疫时 ,发现原木树皮内有大量活幼虫 ,经江苏出入境检验检疫局植物检疫实验室室内饲养后鉴定为潜在危险性有害生物———长林小蠹Ｈｙｌｕｒｇｕｓｌｉｇｎｉｐｅｒｄａ (Ｆａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ)。此前 ,该虫在我国口岸被频频截获 ,是危害针叶树的重要害虫。本文详细描述了长林小蠹的形态特征、地理分布、寄主植物生物学特性及危害等 ,并对其检疫重要性进行了分析 ,供检疫鉴定时参考。1 形态特征成虫体圆筒形 ,黄褐色至黑色 ,触角和足淡褐色 (封底图 1 ) ,触角… 相似文献
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室内应用斯氏线虫3个种的5个品系,对越冬沟眶象幼虫进行侵染力比较,结果表明,施线虫后8天,芜菁夜蛾线虫A24品系和Beijing品系,可使在土壤内的幼虫死亡率分别达100％和90％,14天后Beijing品系的致死率亦达100％,其它3个品系均达90％左右;在土壤含水量为10～20％范围内,幼虫死亡率随土壤含水量的增加而递增,施线虫后5天,含水量20％的处理,幼虫死亡率达70％,而10～15％含水量中,死亡率为45～50％;线虫对沟眶象成虫的致死率很低仅15％。对为害臭椿树的沟眶象幼虫,用A24和Beijing品系进行防治,效果分别为77.3％和70.0％。 相似文献
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松墨天牛[Monochamus alternatus(Hope)]是松材线虫病的主要传播媒介,又是马尾松、黑松、雪松、落叶松、云南松等松类植物的重要害虫。为了控制虫灾探讨有效防治技术,特进行噻虫啉、绿僵菌防治松墨天牛的试验。结果表明:应用噻虫啉和绿僵菌无纺布菌条林间防治松墨天牛均有良好的防治效果,从维护物种多样性和森林健康的角度来看,采用绿僵菌无纺布菌条防治松墨天牛具有更好的发展前景。 相似文献
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Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes pine wilt disease (PWD) in Pinus species given suitable climatic conditions. A model was run... 相似文献
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松褐天牛又名松墨天牛,它不但能钻蛀松树,而且成虫还会传播对松树致命的病害——松材线虫病。松褐天牛被列为国际、国内检疫性害虫。松褐天牛身上所携带的松材线虫是我国南方马尾松等松树的重要危害源,其致病能力强、传播速度快、治理难度大。作为松褐天牛寄宿的主要对象——马尾松中缺乏氮素,所以其肠道中存在着能由其他渠道获取氮素的菌群。据研究肠道菌群在营养供给、消化及吸收上起到了至关重要的作用,并通过这种方式影响松褐天牛的生长发育。研究通过涂布法和划线法分离菌落,使用无氮培养基以及生理生化检测的方法,研究松褐天牛幼虫肠道微生物的种类。从因松材线虫病致死的马尾松树干中采集活体松褐天牛幼虫进行人工培养后解剖,将其肠道制成匀浆后利用Ashby无氮培养基筛选出天牛幼虫肠道中的固氮菌,分离纯化,并进行生理生化检测。试验结果与《伯杰细菌鉴定手册(中文第八版)》比照得出从松褐天牛幼虫肠道中提取的菌中有肠杆菌属(Enterobacter Hormaeche and Edwards,1960)、气球菌属(Aerococcus Williams,Hitch and Cowan,1953)、柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter Werkman and Gillen,1932)、固氮菌属(Azotobacter)、埃希氏菌属(Escherichia Castellani and Chalmers,1919)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、沙雷氏菌属(SerratiaBizio,1823)、氮单胞菌属(Azomonas Winogradsky,1938)、爱德华氏菌属(Edwardsiella Ewing and McWhorter,1965),通过研究松褐天牛肠道固氮微生物的菌属可有针对性的寻找抑制其活性的药剂以达到防治虫害的目的。此种方法具有专一、绿色等优点,在杀灭害虫的同时对其他动植物影响小。 相似文献
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使用9MeV高能X射线对松墨天牛的老熟幼虫、蛹和成虫辐照处理的结果表明,辐照能明显影响其生长发育及繁殖能力。导致幼虫发育迟缓,幼虫期延长。对于老熟幼虫,100%阻止化蛹和出现成虫的剂量为50Gy,经机率值分析,死亡率达到99.9968%的检疫辐照剂量为61.4Gy(55.5～72.6);对于9日龄以下蛹,100%阻止繁殖F1代幼虫的不育剂量为120Gy。辐照也导致雌虫和雄虫的存活时间缩短,100%阻止11日龄以下雌虫和雄虫的不育剂量为140Gy。由此说明,辐照耐受性随发育的完善而增强。建议使用60～80Gy作为松墨天牛幼虫的检疫辐照剂量,140Gy作为蛹和初期成虫的检疫辐照剂量,用于原木和木质包装的检疫处理。 相似文献
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Dendrolimus kikuchii nucleopolyhedrovirus (DekiNPV) is a biological control agent used to control the populations of D. kikuchii, which is a pest of variety of conifers, including Pinus kesiya, Pinus fenzeliana, Cedrus deodara, and Keteleeria evelyniana. However, D. kikuchii cannot be artificially reared which restricts the production and utilization of DekiNPV. In this study, the infectivity and replication of DekiNPV was demonstrated in Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines (sf9), Clostera anachoreta cell line (CAF-clan II), and Lymantria dispar (L.) to identify suitable alternative hosts for the production of DekiNPV. We also investigated the ability of DekiNPV to trigger the conversion of covert infections to overt infections. Results showed the absence of DekiNPV in the two cell lines and in L. dispar. However, polymerase chain reaction results indicated that L. dispar larvae harbored covert infection that could not be triggered by DekiNPV. 相似文献
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Pine wilt disease (PWD), recently introduced into Europe, is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and is a devastating illness that affects mainly pine trees. It is known that the PWN is capable of infecting other conifers; however, there is currently no information on which other plant species may be susceptible to PWD. In this study, the potential susceptibility of two common species of European forests, Picea abies and Cupressus lusitanica, to PWN was assessed through the monitoring of visual external symptoms, dimension and localization of the nematode population in stems, quantification of total chlorophyll, total soluble phenolics and lignin, at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation. The degree of susceptibility was established through the comparison of symptoms with Pinus pinaster, a well‐known PWN host. Furthermore, the stem ultrastructure of P. abies, C. lusitanica and Pn. pinaster was analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest that P. abies and C. lusitanica are resistant to PWN, and that lignin biosynthesis in these species is affected at an early stage of the infestation. Nevertheless, P. abies seems to be a compatible host that could act as a repository for PWN. 相似文献
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The pitch canker pathogen Fusarium circinatum was first found to cause damage in nurseries and pine plantations in northern Spain in 2004. Since then, establishment of pine plantations in the region has decreased as a result of the prohibitions placed on planting Pinus spp. and Pseudotsuga menziesii in areas affected by the disease. However, although most pine species have been found to be susceptible to the pathogen under nursery conditions, little is known about how the fungus affects the trees in the field. Furthermore, it is not known whether some of the native or exotic species commonly planted in the area are also susceptible to F. circinatum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of several conifer species commonly planted in northern Spain to the pitch canker pathogen. For this purpose, two different trials were carried out, one under controlled laboratory conditions and the other in the field. Although most of the conifers were affected by the pathogen in the laboratory tests, only Pinus radiata, Pinus nigra, Pinus pinaster and Pinus uncinata were susceptible to the pathogen in the field. 相似文献