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1.
Bacterial isolates (including 17 Haemophilus somnus isolates and an H. somnus-like isolate) from asymptomatic or diseased cattle and sheep, were evaluated for markers associated with virulence and host predilection. The isolates were separated into 6 distinct biovariants, 3 for sheep and 3 for cattle, based on reactions in a battery of 21 test media. Three bovine isolates associated with disease caused hemolysis of bovine blood. The rest of the isolates did not hemolyze either bovine or ovine erythrocytes. Protein profiles of all H. somnus isolates were similar with the exception of the major outer membrane proteins (MOMPs). The MOMPs of isolates associated with disease in cattle had a relative molecular weight of approximately 41 kDa compared with 33 kDa for the MOMPs of isolates from asymptomatic cattle. The MOMPs from sheep isolates were either slightly higher or lower than the 41 kDa MOMPs of bovine isolates. Major antigens detected by Western blotting were similar in all isolates except the H. somnus-like isolate. An immunodominant 40 kDa antigen was conserved in all H. somnus isolates. Antibodies to this antigen have previously been found to be protective in cattle and may also be protective for sheep. Marked differences between cattle and sheep isolates were revealed by use of restriction enzyme analysis, which separated the isolates into 12 ribotypes and 15 unique DNA profiles. Thus, cattle and sheep isolates in this collection had distinctive differences in biochemical reactions, MOMP profiles, and DNA analyses. Such differences have potential value for epidemiological studies and may also be used to evaluate host specificity of H. somnus isolates.  相似文献   

2.
Three Haemophilus somnus isolates (2a, 3a, and 27b) and one H. somnus-like (13b) isolate from tonsils of commercially reared American bison were compared with 2 known H. somnus isolates from cattle, namely, 2336, shown to cause respiratory disease, and 129Pt, from the prepuce of an asymptomatic bull. All H. somnus isolates, but not the H. somnus-like isolate, required CO2 for growth. Biochemical utilization profiles were identical for bison and bovine H. somnus isolates with the exception of alpha-fucosidase production by isolate 3a. Isolate 27a varied from 2a, 2336 and 129Pt by hemolysis of bovine erythrocytes. Isolate 13b hemolyzed sheep but not bovine or bison erythrocytes and varied from other isolates in biochemical utilization tests. Outer membrane protein profiles of 2a, 3a and 27a were almost identical with those of bovine isolate 2336 and similar to that of 129Pt, but quite different from that of 13b. Western blots of bison isolates were similar to that of the virulent bovine 2336 isolate, including detection of high molecular mass antigens above 100 kDa and the 76 kDa antigens associated with bovine IgG2 Fc binding characteristic of virulent strains, as well as antigens of approximately 78, 60 and 40 kDa. Producers and veterinarians should be aware that H. somnus may be carried by bison and may have potential for causing diseases in bison similar to those described in cattle and sheep.  相似文献   

3.
Bighorn sheep were inoculated intratracheally with suspensions of nonhemolytic Pasteurella haemolytica biotype T (10(12) organisms) unique to wild bighorns, with beta-hemolytic P. haemolytica biotype T (10(12) organisms) isolated from clinically normal domestic sheep or intradermally with half a dose of a cattle vaccine containing P. haemolytica biotype A (10(5) organisms). The bighorn strain caused lobar necrotizing bronchopneumonia whereas both domestic livestock strains precipitated fatal septicemia and fibrinous bronchopneumonia. The serotypes given were T3, T4, T15 and A1 and these were recovered from lung lesions and other organs. In three trials, domestic sheep were inoculated intratracheally with suspensions of bighorn sheep pneumonic lungs, and two concentrations of the P. haemolytica bighorn strain (10(4) and 10(12) organisms). One of these sheep was inoculated intrabronchially. The domestic sheep experienced a transient fever and elevated white blood cell counts. After six days, none of the sheep had lung lesions and inoculated organisms could not be recovered. It is suggested that bighorn sheep are very susceptible to P. haemolytica from domestic livestock and should not be allowed in contact with sheep or cattle.  相似文献   

4.
Histophilus somni (former name: Haemophilus somnus) is a Gram-negative, facultative pathogen bacterium that colonises the mucous membranes of cattle and sheep, however it was also described in American bison and bighorn sheep. It can cause local or generalised diseases and asymptomatic carriers can also occur. The presence and the etiological role of this microorganism have not been confirmed in any other domesticated species yet. The purpose of this study was to prove the presence of H. somni in goats by bacterial isolation. Nasal, vaginal or praeputial swab samples were collected from 205 goats in 10 flocks. H. somni strains were isolated from 2 out of 10 flocks; in one flock 10 H. somni strains were isolated from the genital mucosa of 17 goats, while a single H. somni strain was cultured from a vagina of 26 animals in the other flock. Partial amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of three H. somni strains verified the identification. The comparative examination of carbon source metabolism using the Biolog Microstation ID System (Biolog, Ca) showed a close relationship of the caprine strains, while they were less related to H. somni type strain CCUG-36157 of bovine origin. H. somni strains were isolated only in the oestrus season from goat flocks with sheep contact. This is the first paper on isolation of H. somni from goats.  相似文献   

5.
Isotypic antibody responses in cattle infected with Haemophilus somnus   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
Bovine antibody responses to Haemophilus somnus were compared on the basis of clinical and bacteriological findings. Serum IgG1 and IgM antibody titres were significantly increased in clinically normal cattle that were bacteriologically positive for H somnus from the nasal or vaginal mucosae compared with clinically normal, negative cows. IgG2 titres did not differ significantly between these two groups. However, IgG2 antibody was significantly higher in animals with H somnus disease (pneumonia or abortion) than in clinically normal cattle (whether bacteriologically positive or negative), while IgG1 and IgM titres did not differ between diseased and bacteriologically positive, clinically normal cattle. These antibody trends were duplicated in experimental H somnus abortion or pneumonia, with the greatest response occurring within the IgG2 subclass. Cattle vaccinated systemically with killed whole H somnus produced a predominant IgG2 response with minimal IgG1 and IgM responses. These results demonstrate that IgG2 antibody is consistently elevated in H somnus disease, and suggest that this response may be useful in discriminating diseased from asymptomatic cattle.  相似文献   

6.
Experimental infection was produced by two of four isolates of ovine Haemophilus somnus given by intracisternal inoculation into two to three-month-old lambs. Isolate 2041 (originally obtained from a septicemic lamb in Alberta) caused lethal infection in eight of nine lambs, isolate 67p from the prepuce of a normal lamb produced less acute disease in four of nine lambs, and the other two isolates (93p and 1190) caused no detectable disease. Significant lesions were limited to the brain and spinal cord. Purulent meningitis was characteristic but vasculitis or septicemia were not detected, perhaps due to the route of inoculation. Since a difference in virulence was noted among strains, we analyzed surface proteins thought to be virulence factors of bovine H. somnus. Protein profiles of bovine and ovine H. somnus done by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed similar patterns for virulent bovine isolates and ovine septicemic isolates. Preputial isolates showed a lower molecular mass major outer membrane protein than septicemic isolates. Antigenic analysis revealed that outer membrane proteins p270, p78, p76, p40, and p39 were detected in both ovine and bovine isolates except for 1190, which was probably not a true H. somnus isolate. Thus the preputial and septicemic isolates of ovine H. somnus were similar to bovine H. somnus in pathogenicity and in surface antigens.  相似文献   

7.
As commercial producers of American bison (Bison bison) become more numerous, concerns relative to bison health management increase. Since loss due to respiratory disease associated with Pasteurella and related Pasteurellaceae is a major concern for cattle producers, a study was conducted to determine what types of Pasteurellaceae are carried by bison to evaluate the potential of pneumonic pasteurellosis in bison herds where management practices are comparable to those used for cattle. Tonsillar biopsies, collected in May (n = 29) and August (n = 25) 1997 from 24- to 30-month-old bison bulls, at the time of slaughter were cultured for Pasteurellaceae. Pasteurella spp. were isolated from all the samples collected in May. These included isolates identified as P. haemolytica, trehalosi, testudinis, and multocida subsp. multocida a and multocida b. Actinobacillus spp. and Haemophilus somnus were also isolated from some samples. Pasteurella spp., haemolytica, trehalosi, and multocida subsp. multocida a, multocida b and septica, plus 2 nonspeciated indole-positive biotypes, U2 and U16, were isolated from the second group of tonsil samples. Most of these organisms, including P. haemolytica, P. multocida subsp., and H. somnus are associated with disease in domestic livestock and should be regarded as potential pathogens for bison, particularly in animals which become stressed by management practices commonly used with cattle such as herding, crowding, and shipping.  相似文献   

8.
The banding profiles generated by Bam H1 restriction endonuclease cleavage of bacterial DNA from clinical and reference isolates of Histophilus ovis, Haemophilus somnus and related bacteria were compared. H. ovis, H. somnus and Haemophilus agni isolates were found to have distinct similarities in banding profiles characterised by 10 common bands between 2.0 and 9.6 kilobases (kb). The close taxonomic relationship of these isolates was reinforced by these findings. The reference isolates examined in this study--Actinobacillus lignieresii, Actinobacillus seminis, H. agni, H. somnus, H. ovis, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus parahaemolyticus--could be distinguished from each other on the basis of their characteristic banding profiles. Actinobacillus sp were observed to have more bands between 2 and 23 kb compared with the H. ovis and Haemophilus sp isolates studied. Analysis of isolates from an experimental infection trial illustrated the potential of restriction endonuclease analysis in molecular epidemiological applications. It was possible to demonstrate by this means that the post-challenge isolates had identical banding profiles to the challenge (or infecting) isolate which had a distinctly different banding profile from that of pre-challenge H. ovis isolates. Furthermore, restriction endonuclease analysis of H. ovis isolates obtained from follow-up investigations of a recurrent problem of epididymitis in unmated rams, indicated that the H. ovis isolates implicated in epididymitis, were present as a single strain in a number of sheep over a period of time. This suggested that the mechanism of transmission was by perinatal perputial contamination.  相似文献   

9.
From 1986 to 1989, 5 desert bighorn sheep (3 Ovis canadensis mexicana and 2 O c nelsoni), ranging in age from 2 to 3 years, were exposed to a flock of exotic wild and domestic sheep to potentially achieve naturally acquired pneumonia. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from nasal samples from 4 of 6 sheep randomly sampled from the flock. Bighorn sheep were exposed individually and each exposure period was a trial. Treatment before and after exposure varied and included combinations of alpha interferon, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and vaccines. Treatments were chosen on the basis of recommendations of others for treating pneumonia in desert bighorn sheep as well as our own experience in sheep and cattle. Regardless of treatment used, bighorn sheep in trials 1 to 4 developed signs of pneumonia within 10 to 14 days of exposure. Bighorn sheep in trials 1 to 3 died within 11 to 17 days of initial exposure. In trial 4, the bighorn sheep was isolated from the carrier sheep for treatment of pneumonia on day 14 and died on day 30. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from lung tissue in 3 of the 4 bighorn sheep. On the basis of results of trials 1 to 4, a more in depth clinical study was conducted in trial 5. Nasal and blood specimens were collected prior to and during trial 5 for bacteriologic culturing and serologic testing for bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3 virus, and respiratory syncytial virus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

10.
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and Haemophilus somnus are two bovine respiratory pathogens that cause disease singly or as part of a polymicrobial infection. BRSV infection is often associated with a predisposition towards production of a T helper type 2 (Th2) response and IgE production. In contrast, an IgG2 response to H. somnus has been shown to be most important for recovery. An experiment was performed to evaluate the hypothesis that infection with H. somnus on day 6 of experimental BRSV infection would result in disease enhancement and potentially an altered immune response when compared with single infection. Three groups of calves were either dually infected or singly infected with H. somnus or BRSV. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) pathogen specific IgG1, IgG2, IgE, and IgA responses were evaluated by ELISA. TaqMan RT-PCR was used to examine cytokine gene expression by PBMC and BAL cells. Clinical signs were evaluated for 28 days after BRSV infection, followed by necropsy and histological examination of the lungs. In dually infected calves, disease was significantly more severe, H. somnus was isolated from the lungs at necropsy, and high IgE and IgG responses were detected to H. somnus antigens. Cytokine profiles on day 27 were elevated in dually infected calves, but did not reflect a skewed profile. These results contrasted with singly infected calves that were essentially normal by day 10 of infection and lacked both lung pathology and the presence of H. somnus in the lung at necropsy. The increase in IgE antibodies specific for antigens of H. somnus presents a possible mechanism for pathogenesis of the disease enhancement.  相似文献   

11.
Viable Haemophilus somnus of reproductive tract origin (OSU-1167) was inoculated transcervically into the uterus of 6 virgin heifers. Five heifers were sham-inoculated (intrauterine) with sterile mycoplasmal medium and served as controls. After inoculation and observation, all heifers had nasal and vaginal vestibular swab specimens and serum obtained periodically for 44 days. Signs of systemic illness were not detected. On the day after inoculation, all inoculated heifers had signs of vulvovaginitis, whereas none of the control heifers had similar signs (P less than 0.002). Haemophilus somnus was not isolated from any nasal or vaginal vestibular swab specimens obtained before inoculation or from any nasal swab specimens obtained after inoculation. During the 44 days after inoculation, H somnus was isolated from 25 of 54 vestibular specimens obtained from inoculated heifers and from 3 of 45 specimens obtained from controls (P less than 0.02). Vulvovaginal lesions were associated with vestibular isolation of H somnus in 23 of 25 (92%) such isolations from inoculated heifers; lesions were never associated with concurrent isolation of H somnus in controls. All heifers had H somnus microagglutination test (MAT) titer less than or equal to 256 against a commercially prepared H somnus antigen at the beginning of the study. Considered as groups, neither inoculated nor control heifers achieved fourfold increases in MAT titer during the 44 days after inoculation. When compared by day of sample collection, inoculated heifers did have significantly (P less than 0.04) lower geometric mean titer at 7 days after inoculation than did control heifers when tested by use of a commercially prepared antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

12.
Six Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep were raised in captivity from birth (n = 5) or taken from the wild as a lamb (n = 1). After the bighorn sheep were in captivity for over a year, 6 clinically normal domestic sheep were placed on the 2 ha of pasture on which the bighorn sheep were kept. Nasal swab specimens were obtained from all sheep at the time the domestic sheep were introduced. Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated from swab specimens obtained from 4 of 6 domestic sheep, but not from specimens obtained from the bighorn sheep. All 6 bighorn sheep died of acute hemorrhagic pneumonia after exposure to domestic sheep. Death in the bighorn sheep occurred on days 4, 27, 27, 29, 36, or 71 after initial exposure to domestic sheep. Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated from respiratory tract tissue specimens of all bighorn sheep at the time of death. None of the domestic sheep were clinically ill during the study. At the end of the study, 3 of 6 domestic sheep were euthanatized, and at necropsy, P haemolytica was isolated from 2 of them. The most common serotypes in bighorn and domestic sheep were P haemolytica T-3 and A-2. Other serotypes isolated included P haemolytica A-1, A-9, and A-11 in bighorn sheep and A-1 in domestic sheep. On the basis of results of this study and of other reports, domestic sheep and bighorn sheep should not be managed in proximity to each other because of the potential fatal consequences in bighorn sheep.  相似文献   

13.
Development of a defined medium for Haemophilus somnus isolated from cattle   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
Nutritional factors that influence the growth of Haemophilus somnus were examined, and a defined medium was developed. Optimal growth of H somnus in broth occurred under conditions of maximum aeration. Nutritional components required for or enhanced growth of most H somnus isolates in the defined medium included uracil, D-glucose, isotonic NaCl, Na2HPO4, nicotinamide, flavin mononucleotide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, and a variety of salts and amino acids. The defined medium supported optimum growth of 18 of 21 isolates of H somnus from cattle.  相似文献   

14.
Bighorn sheep currently occupy just 30% of their historic distribution, and persist in populations less than 5% as abundant overall as their early 19th century counterparts. Present-day recovery of bighorn sheep populations is in large part limited by periodic outbreaks of respiratory disease, which can be transmitted to bighorn sheep via contact with domestic sheep grazing in their vicinity. In order to assess the viability of bighorn sheep populations on the Payette National Forest (PNF) under several alternative proposals for domestic sheep grazing, we developed a series of interlinked models. Using telemetry and habitat data, we characterized herd home ranges and foray movements of bighorn sheep from their home ranges. Combining foray model movement estimates with known domestic sheep grazing areas (allotments), a Risk of Contact Model estimated bighorn sheep contact rates with domestic sheep allotments. Finally, we used demographic and epidemiologic data to construct population and disease transmission models (Disease Model), which we used to estimate bighorn sheep persistence under each alternative grazing scenario. Depending on the probability of disease transmission following interspecies contact, extirpation probabilities for the seven bighorn sheep herds examined here ranged from 20% to 100%. The Disease Model allowed us to assess the probabilities that varied domestic sheep management scenarios would support persistent populations of free-ranging bighorn sheep.  相似文献   

15.
A comprehensive study of a pneumonic epizootic was initiated when the first signs of disease were noted in a metapopulation of bighorn sheep inhabiting Hells Canyon, bordering Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. A total of 92 bighorn sheep were tested for etiologic agents during the following 6-mo study period. The study population included bighorn sheep believed to be the subpopulation in which disease was first noted, and these sheep were translocated to a holding facility in an effort to contain the disease (group A1, n = 72); bighorn sheep in other subpopulations (group A2) with evidence of clinical disease were captured, sampled, given antibiotics, and released (n = 8) and those that were found dead were necropsied (n = 12). Samples, including oropharyngeal and nasal swabs, and lung and liver tissue were collected from the bighorn sheep identified above. Tissue was collected at necropsy from 60 group A1 bighorn sheep that died following translocation, and samples were cultured for bacteria and viruses. Blood samples were tested for antibodies against known respiratory viruses, and histopathology was conducted on tissue samples. The major cause of death in both group A1 and group A2 bighorn sheep was a rapidly developing fibrinous bronchopneumonia. Multiple biovariants of Pasteurella were isolated from oropharyngeal and nasal samples from both groups, and Mycoplasma ovipneumonia was isolated from five group A1 oropharyngeal samples. Organisms isolated from lung tissue included Pasteurella multocida multocida a and Pasteurella trehalosi, both of which differentiated into multiple strains by restriction enzyme analysis, and parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3). Paired serum samples revealed > fourfold increases in titers against PI-3 and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses. It was concluded that this epizootic resulted from a complex of factors including multiple potential respiratory pathogens, none of which were identified as a primary pathogen, and possible stress factors.  相似文献   

16.
Ureaplasma diversum has been associated with reproductive disorders in cattle and in the present study genotypic variations among U. diversum isolates obtained from the vaginal mucus of healthy cattle and sick animals were analyzed by enzymatic digestion and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The influence of time and broth volume was important in obtaining sufficient cell sediment and DNA for PFGE. The method presented a high discriminatory power and satisfactory reproducibility for the analysis of detected variations among U. diversum isolates and strains. Different band profiles and wide genotypic heterogeneity were detected but no association between DNA polymorphism and sick or healthy animals could be established.  相似文献   

17.
Previously, we have shown that CD18, the beta-subunit of beta(2)-integrins, serves as a receptor for leukotoxin (Lkt) secreted by Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica on bovine leukocytes. Anti-CD18 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibit Lkt-induced cytolysis of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) leukocytes suggesting that CD18 may serve as a receptor for Lkt on the leukocytes of this species as well. Confirmation of bighorn sheep CD18 as a receptor for Lkt, and elucidation of the enhanced Lkt-susceptibility of bighorn sheep polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), necessitates the cloning and sequencing of cDNA encoding bighorn sheep CD18. Hence, in this study we cloned and sequenced the cDNA encoding CD18 of bighorn sheep, and compared with that of other animal species. The cDNA of bighorn sheep CD18 has an open reading frame (ORF) of 2310bp. CD18 sequences obtained individually from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PMNs were identical to each other. Comparison of the deduced 770-amino acid sequence of CD18 of bighorn sheep with that of domestic sheep, goats, cattle, humans and mice revealed 99, 98, 95, 82 and 80% identity, respectively. Availability of cloned bighorn sheep CD18 cDNA should allow the molecular characterization of M. haemolytica Lkt-receptor interactions in bighorn sheep and other ruminants that are susceptible to this disease.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To perform a comprehensive phenotypic characterisation of 35 isolates of bacteria previously identified as haemolytic Pasteurella-Actinobacillus and obtained from cattle and sheep. DESIGN: The 35 isolates that had been obtained from Australian animals, 30 from cattle and five from sheep, were compared with reference strains of the five recognised species of the genus Mannheimia--M. haemolytica, M. glucosida, M. granulomatis, M. ruminalis and M. varigena. RESULTS: Thirty-four of the isolates could be confidently assigned to three species of the genus Mannheimia. Twenty-nine were M. haemolytica, with 25 being isolated from cattle and four from sheep. All but three of the bovine M. haemolytica were isolated from pneumonic lungs. Of the three remaining bovine M. haemolytica isolates, one was obtained in pure culture from a bovine milk sample and the other two as part of a mixed flora associated with a middle ear infection of a calf suffering mucosal disease. Of the four ovine M. haemolytica isolates, two were isolated in pure culture from milk and two, also in pure culture, from pneumonic lungs. Three bovine isolates were identified as M. granulomatis--one from a tongue abscess, one from a jaw abscess and one from a lung showing suppurative bronchopneumonia. Two bovine isolates were identified as M. varigena--one coming from an udder and the other from a spleen. The available diagnostic records provided no information on whether these isolates were associated with a disease process. The remaining isolate was obtained from an ovine tongue abscess and could not be assigned to a recognised species within the genus Mannheimia. CONCLUSION: The study represents the first time that M. haemolytica, M. granulomatis and M. varigena have been recognised as being present in cattle and sheep in Australia. Veterinary laboratories that encounter Pasteurella-Actinobacillus-like organisms from cattle and sheep should attempt as complete a characterisation as possible to help improve our knowledge of the disease potential of these organsims.  相似文献   

19.
AIMS: To serotype a subset of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates from cattle and sheep to determine whether any corresponding serotypes have been implicated in human diarrhoeal disease, both in New Zealand and worldwide, and to examine the distribution of STEC and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) amongst cattle (calves, heifers and dairy) and sheep (lambs, rams and ewes), to assess whether carriage of identified bacterial genotypes may be associated with a particular age of animal. METHODS: Recto-anal mucosal swabs (RAMS) were taken from 91 calves, 24 heifers and 72 dairy cattle, and 46 lambs, 50 ewes and 36 rams, from four sites in the Manawatu and Rangitikei regions of New Zealand. Strains of E. coli selected from primary isolation plates were subjected to a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to determine the presence of Shiga toxin genes (stx1 and stx2) and the E. coli attaching and effacing gene (eae). RESULTS: Overall, 186/319 (58.3%) animals sampled were positive for stx1, stx2, or eae isolates. More sheep (43.9%) were stx1-positive than cattle (2.7%; p = 0.036), and amongst sheep more lambs and ewes were stx1-positive than rams (p = 0.036). Amongst cattle, more calves and heifers were eae-positive than dairy cows (p = 0.030). Two or more different STEC were isolated from at least 28 (9%) animals (three cattle and 25 sheep), based on their stx/eae genotype. Enterohaemolysin genes were found in 39/51 (76%) isolates serotyped. Twenty-one different serotypes were detected, including O5:H-, O9:H51, O26:H11, O84:H-/H2 and O149:H8 from cattle, and O26:H11, O65:H-, O75:H8, O84:H-, O91:H-, O128:H2 and O174:H8 from sheep; O84:H-, O26:H11, O5:H-, O91:H- and O128:H2 serotypes have been associated with human disease. CONCLUSIONS: If nationally representative, this study confirms that cattle and sheep in New Zealand may be a major reservoir of STEC serotypes that have been recognised as causative agents of diarrhoeal disease in humans. Distribution of STEC and EPEC in cattle and sheep indicates that direct contact with, in particular, calves or their faeces, or exposure to environments cross contaminated with ruminant faeces, may represent an increased risk factor for human disease in New Zealand.  相似文献   

20.
The commercially available API ZYM microbiological identification system was evaluated for the rapid identification of Haemophilus somnus. Eighty-seven isolates of the organism had API ZYM profiles which were characteristic. The API ZYM profiles demonstrate clear differences between H. somnus and other genera but suggest a close association to three related organisms. Enzyme activity of H. somnus isolates were similar to organisms identified as Histophilus ovis, Haemophilus agni and strains UQV of Actinobacillus actinoides and Actinobacillus seminis but was clearly different from isolates of Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica and group EF4. The API ZYM system allowed more rapid identification of H. somnus than conventional biochemical tests and may be a useful adjunct to conventional methods used for identification of H. somnus isolates. The test did not reveal obvious differences between isolates from various anatomic locations.  相似文献   

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