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1.
Soil compaction is of great importance in agriculture, because its high levels may adversely affect plant growth and the environment. Since mechanical methods are not very efficient and economical, using biological methods to alleviate the stress of soil compaction on plant growth may be beneficial. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the effects of soil compaction on corn (Zea mays L.) growth, and (2) test the hypothesis that applying arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) with different origins can partially or completely overcome the stressful effects of soil compaction on corn growth under unsterilized and sterilized conditions. Corn was planted in unsterilized and sterilized compacted soils, while treated with three species of AM including, Iranian Glomus mosseae, Iranian Glomus etunicatum, and Canadian Glomus mosseae, received from GINCO (Glomales in vitro Collection), Canada. Plant growth variables and soil resistance parameters were determined. AM significantly increased root fresh (maximum of 94% increase) and dry (maximum of 100% increase) weights in the compacted soil. AM with different origins may improve corn growth in compacted soils, though its effectiveness is related to the level of compaction and also to the interaction with other soil microorganisms. 相似文献
2.
Gregg R. Sanford Joshua L. Posner Ronald T. Schuler Jon O. Baldock 《Soil & Tillage Research》2008,100(1-2):42-53
As stocking rates on Wisconsin dairy farms continue to increase, one possible nutrient management solution is to haul slurry to nearby grain farmer's fields. Although the nutrient and soil building benefits of manure are well known, many grain farmers are hesitant to apply manure on their fields due to potential soil compaction. Studies were initiated to evaluate the effects of tanker-applied slurry on soil compaction and corn (Zea mays L.) yield. An on-station trial was established to address the issues of compaction caused by manure tankers, repeated traffic associated with field headlands, and the possible ameliorating effect of manure itself on corn yield. In addition, 15 replicated on-farm trials were established to evaluate the impact of single pass manure applications on soil compaction and yield. These predominately fall applications were conducted when the host farmer felt that the soil would support tanker traffic. Due to its portability and instrument sensitivity, compactness was evaluated with a data-logging hand held penetrometer.Results from the on-station trial indicate that multiple passes did increase compactness above single-pass traffic and the check. The slurry itself did not attenuate the effect of traffic on soil compaction, nor on yield. Despite yield reductions estimated from in-track samples in both years of 6% (one-pass traffic) and 22% (six-pass traffic) in this study, whole plot corn yields were not reduced due to compaction. The on-farm trials indicated that manure application technique does affect compaction patterns; with broadcast application resulting in less area trafficked by the tanker than injection application, and therefore less area compacted. The narrower gauge truck tires used at some sites led to significantly higher penetrometer readings compared to the control, but this was not the case at sites with wider tractor tires. As in the on-station work, although compaction led to higher penetrometer readings, whole plot corn yields in compacted plots were not adversely affected compared to the control. These results suggest that, in the first year after slurry application, on predominantly prairie derived soils; well-timed applications of dairy slurry do not cause extensive soil compaction nor a reduction in corn yields. This study did not look at the potential residual effects that may positively (>soil organic matter) or negatively (residual soil compaction) impact subsequent crops. 相似文献
3.
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of pre-inoculation of cucumber plants with each of the three arbuscular
mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus versiforme on reproduction of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. All three AM fungi tested significantly reduced the root galling index, which is the percentage of total roots forming galls.
Numbers of galls per root system were significantly reduced only in the G. intraradices + M. incognita treatment. The number of eggs per root system was significantly decreased by AM fungus inoculation, no significant difference
among the three AM fungal isolates. AM inoculation substantially decreased the number of females, the number of eggs g−1 root and of the number of eggs per egg mass. The number of egg masses g−1 root was greatly reduced by inoculation with G. mosseae or G. versiforme. By considering plant growth, nutrient uptake, and the suppression of M. incognita together, G. mosseae and G. versiforme were more effective than G. intraradices. 相似文献
4.
M. Miransari H.A. Bahrami F. Rejali M.J. Malakouti 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(5):1197-1206
Since large areas of agricultural fields in the world become compacted every year, much effort has been made to reduce the adverse effects of soil compaction on plant growth. Mechanical methods to control soil compaction may be laborious and expensive; however, biological methods such as using arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) may be more useful, economically and environmentally. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effects of soil compaction on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth, and (2) to evaluate if using AM of different origin can reduce the stressful effects of soil compaction on wheat growth. Unsterilized and sterilized soils, different levels of compaction and three species of arbuscular mycorrhiza were applied in four replicates. The experiments were conducted in the Soil and Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. Soil physical and chemical properties were determined. The AM increased wheat growth in both soils at different levels of soil compaction in both experiments. For root, shoot (P=0.1) and grain (P=0.05) dry weights increases were significant. AM enhanced root growth more than shoot growth under compaction (AM resulted in significant increase in root/shoot ratios, P=0.1). Due to its unique characteristics, AM may reduce the stressful effects of soil compaction on wheat growth, though its effectiveness may decrease with increasing compaction. 相似文献
5.
6.
The effects of biocide use on nontarget organisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, are of interest to agriculture, since inhibition of beneficial organisms may counteract benefits derived from pest and disease control. Benomyl, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) and captan were tested for their effects on the germination and early hyphal growth of the AM fungiGlomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.),Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.). Gerd. and Trappe andGigaspora rosea (Nicol & Schenck) in a silty-clay loam soil placed in petri plates. Application of fungicides at 20 mg active ingredient (a.i) kg–1 soil inhibited spore germination by all three AM-fungal isolates incubated on unsterilized soil for 2 weeks. However, fungicides applied at 10 mg a.i. kg–1 soil had variable effects on AM-fungal isolates. Fungicide effects on germination and hyphal growth of G.etunicatum were modified by soil pasteurization and CO2 concentration in petri plates and also by placing spores below the soil surface followed by fungicide drenches. Effects of fungicides on mycorrhiza formation and sporulation of AM fungi, and the resulting host-plant response, were evaluated in the same soil in associated pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants. Fungicides applied at 20 mg a.i. kg–1 soil did not affect the root length colonized byG. etunicatum, but both benomyl and PCNB reduced sporulation by this fungus. Benomyl and PCNB reduced the root length colonized byG. rosea at 48 and 82 days after transplanting. PCNB also reducedG. mosseae-colonized root length at 48 and 82 days, but benomyl only affected root length colonized byG. mosseae at the earlier time point. Only PCNB reduced sporulation byG. mosseae, consistent with its effect on root length colonized by this fungus. captan reduced the root length colonized by G. rosea at 48 days, but not at 82 days, and reduced colonization byG. mosseae at 82 days, but not at 48 days. Captan did not affect sporulation by any of the fungi.G. rosea spore production was highly variable, but benomyl appeared to reduce sporulation by this fungus. Overall,G. etunicatum was the most tolerant to fungicides in association with pea plants in this soil, andG. rosea the most sensitive. Benomyl and PCNB were overall more toxic to these fungi than captan. Interactions of AM fungi and fungicides were highly variable and biological responses depended on fungus-fungicide combinations and on environmental conditions. 相似文献
7.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3):343-357
The hypothesis was that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are able to alleviate salt stress on plant growth by enhancing and adjusting mineral uptake. The objectives were to determine (1) the effects of soil salinity on mineral uptake by different wheat genotypes and (2) the effectiveness of different mycorrhizal treatments on the mineral uptake of different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under salinity. Wheat seeds of Chamran and Line 9 genotypes were inoculated with different species of AM fungi including Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices, and G. etunicatum and their mixture at planting using 100 g inoculum. Pots were treated with the salinity levels of 4, 8, and 12 dS/m before stemming. Different arbuscular mycorrhizal treatments, especially the mixture treatment, increased wheat mineral uptake for both genotypes. Although Line 9 genotype resulted in greater nutrient uptake under salinity stress, Chamran was more effective on adjusting sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl?) uptake under salt stress. 相似文献
8.
Pistacia is a common wild plant in the Southeast Anatolia part of Turkey. The experiment was planned to screen and select the most suitable arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) for enhancing Pistacia species seedling growth by improving phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) uptake. This study was carried out under greenhouse condition at the Department of Soil Science, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Two genotypes from each of P. vera (cvs ‘Siirt’ and ‘Kirmizi’), P. eurycarpa, P. atlantica, and P. terebinthus species were tested with ten different mycorrhizal species. Plants were grown in a growth medium with a mixture of sand, soil and compost with 6:3:1 ratio, respectively. Seedling plants were harvested after eight months and transplanted to pots. There were significant differences between Pistacia species in growth, nutrient uptake and the percentage of mycorrhizal infection. Also mycorrhizal species were different in terms of enhancing plant growth and nutrient uptake. The results were that Siirt, Genotype 08, 11, 13, and 14 gave a high response to the mycorrhizal inoculation and Glomus clarium gave the best improvements in growth and nutrition, resulting in greater plant biomass and Zn and P uptake. Following this, G. etunicatum, G. intraradices, G. caledonium, and G. mosseae species were effective species. In general, G. mosseae and G. fasciculatum mycorrhizae enhanced plant growth; G. clarium was the most efficient species in terms of P and Zn uptake. It has been concluded that these mycorrhizae species significantly enhance the Pistacia plant growth and nutrient uptake. Also using AM fungi in the pistachio nursery should be taken into consideration for better seedling production. Further work needs to be done to determine how much inoculum is needed for sufficient inoculation and how the mycorrhizal seedlings can be adapted under field conditions especially under drought and high calcareous marginal soil conditions. 相似文献
9.
F. Ponder Jr Fumin Li Diann Jordan Edwin C. Berry 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,32(2):166-172
The influence of compaction on Diplocardia ornata (Smith) burrowing and casting activities, soil aggregation, and nutrient changes in a forest soil were investigated using
pot microcosms. Treatments included two levels each of compaction, organic matter, and earthworms. Both burrowing and casting
activities were more abundant in uncompacted soil than in compacted soil. Bulk density decreased in microcosms of compacted
soil containing D. ornata from 1.76 g cm–3 to 1.49 g cm–3 over the study period. The overall percent of aggregates in the same size classes in compacted soil was less than the percent
of aggregates in uncompacted soil. The mean percent of aggregates in earthworm casts for size classes 0.25–1.00 mm was higher
for compacted soil than for uncompacted soil. The reverse was true for aggregates in class sizes 2.00–4.00 mm. Soil compaction
also affected soil microbial biomass carbon and soil inorganic N concentrations. These results indicate that the burrowing
and casting activities of earthworms in compacted forest soils, as in soils of agricultural and pastured lands, can help ameliorate
disturbed soils by improving aggregation, reducing bulk density, and increasing nutrient availability.
Received: 1 September 1999 相似文献
10.
Soil compaction limits soil water availability which adversely affects coconut production in Sri Lanka. Field experiments were conducted in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plantations with highly and less compacted soils in the intermediate climatic zone of Sri Lanka. Soil physical properties of sixteen major soil series planted with coconut were evaluated to select the most suitable soil series to investigate the effect of deep ploughing on soil water conservation. Soil compaction and soil water retention with respect to deep ploughing were monitored during the dry and rainy seasons using cone penetrometer and neutron scattering techniques, respectively. Evaluation of soil physical properties showed that the range of mean values of bulk density (BD) and soil penetration resistance (SPR) in the surface soil (0–10 cm depth) of major soil series in coconut lands was from 1.38 ± 0.02 to 1.57 ± 0.07 g/cm3 and 55 ± 10 to 315 ± 16.4 N/cm2 respectively. The total available water fraction increased with clay content of soil as a result of high micropores. However, due to soil compaction, ability of soils to conserve water and to remain aerated was low for those series. Deep ploughing during the rainy and dry periods in highly compacted soils (BD > 1.5 g/cm3 and SPR > 250 N/cm2) greatly increased conserved soil water in the profile, while in less compacted soils (BD < 1.5 g/cm3 and SPR < 250 N/cm2) conserved water content was adversely affected. Soil water retention in bare soils of both highly and less compacted soil series was higher than that of live grass-covered soil. Amount of water conserved in ploughed Andigama series with respect to bare soils and grass-covered treatments during the severe dry period was 10.4 and 16.9 cm/m, while water storage reduction in the same treatments with ploughed Madampe series was 6.55 and 5.45 cm/m respectively. In addition, deep ploughing even in the effective root zone with live grass-covered highly compacted soils around coconut tree was favorable for soil water retention compared to that of live grass-covered less compacted soils. 相似文献
11.
压实对矿区废弃土壤含水量及植物生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]探究不同压实处理对矿区废弃土壤含水量及植物生长的影响,为有效利用采石场废弃物和城市固体废弃物、改善矿区立地条件、进行植被修复提供依据。[方法]将砾石和城市固体废弃物按体积8∶2混合后进行不同程度压实处理,进行小区试验。[结果]压实显著提高基质含水量,减小各层含水量差异。随着压实程度增加,植物主要耗水层上移。不同植物受到压实的影响不同,刺槐和苜蓿在重度压实条件下生长明显受阻,侧柏生长量增加。植物在中等强度的压实条件下,能够通过调节自身,适应环境。[结论]一定程度的压实能获得理想的植物保存率和生长量,压实技术可以运用在废弃采石场植被修复工作中。 相似文献
12.
In Belgium, growing silage maize in a monoculture often results in increased soil compaction. The aim of our research was to quantify the effects of this soil compaction on the dry matter (DM) yields and the nitrogen use of silage maize (Zea mays L.). On a sandy loam soil of the experimental site of Ghent University (Belgium), silage maize was grown on plots with traditional soil tillage (T), on artificially compacted plots (C) and on subsoiled plots (S). The artificial compaction, induced by multiple wheel-to-wheel passages with a tractor, increased the soil penetration resistance up to more than 1.5 MPa in the zone of 0–35 cm of soil depth. Subsoiling broke an existing plough pan (at 35–45 cm of soil depth). During the growing season, the release of soil mineral nitrogen by mineralisation was substantially lower on the C plots than on the T and S plots. Silage maize plants on the compacted soil were smaller and flowering was delayed. The induced soil compaction caused a DM yield loss of 2.37 Mg ha−1 (−13.2%) and decreased N uptake by 46.2 kg ha−1 (−23.2%) compared to the T plots. Maize plants on compacted soil had a lower, suboptimal nitrogen content. Compared with the traditional soil tillage that avoided heavy compaction, subsoiling offered no significant benefits for the silage maize crop. It was concluded that avoiding heavy soil compaction in silage maize is a major strategy for maintaining crop yields and for enhancing N use efficiency. 相似文献
13.
Subsoil compaction may reduce the availability and uptake of water and plant nutrients thereby lowering crop yields. Among the management options for remediating subsoil compaction are deep tillage and the selection of crop rotations with deep-rooted crops, but little is known of the effects of applications of organic amendments on subsoil compaction. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of subsoil compaction on corn yield and N availability in a sandy-textured soil and to evaluate the use of deep tillage and surface applications of poultry manure to remediate subsoil compaction. A field experiment planted to corn (Zea mays L.) was conducted from 2000 to 2001 on a Reelfoot fine sandy loam (fine-silty, mixed thermic Aquic Argiudolls) formed in silty alluvium located in southeast Missouri near the Mississippi River. Treatments were arranged in a factorial design with three levels of subsoil compaction and subsoiling and four rates (averaging 0, 6, 11 and 18 Mg ha−1) of poultry manure. Subsoil tillage to a depth of 30 cm had multiple effects, including overcoming a natural or tillage-induced dense layer or pan and increasing volumetric soil water content and crop N uptake, especially in the 2001 cropping year with low early season precipitation. N recovery efficiency (NRE) was significantly higher in the subsoil treatment compared to the highest compaction treatment in 2001. No significant interactions between manure rates and compaction and subsoiling treatments were observed for corn grain and silage yields, N uptake and NRE. Average increases in corn grain yields over all manure rates due to subsoil tillage of compacted soil were 2002 kg ha−1 in 2000 and 3504 kg ha−1 in 2001. Application of poultry manure had a consistent positive effect on increasing grain yields and N uptake in 2000 and 2001 but did not significantly alter measured soil physical properties. The results of this study suggest that deep tillage and applications of organic amendments are management tools that may overcome restrictions in both N and soil water availability due to subsoil compaction in sandy-textured soils. 相似文献
14.
Soil compaction is an often-recorded characteristic of degraded soils, and—along with soil sealing and contamination—frequently found in urban habitats. Knowledge about the impact of soil degradation on the ecosystem functioning in urban environments is limited, although urbanization is the major ongoing land use change worldwide. Since urban soils are a potential habitat for soil animals, and burrowing soil fauna exerts a profound impact on the structure and functioning of soils, we studied the impact of increased bulk densities on the ability of Enchytraeus albidus (Enchytraeidae: Oligochaeta) to penetrate compacted soils. Moreover, it was our aim to characterize the influence of the worms on the mobilization of nutrients in urban soils. E. albidus was able to enter compacted sandy loamy soil columns with a bulk density of up to approx. 1.4 g cm−3, but only up to approx. 1.0 g cm−3 in pure sandy soil columns. Soil compaction increased the amounts of water-extractable sodium (7.5%) and magnesium (13.4%) compared to the non-compacted soil. Presence of E. albidus in the non-compacted soil resulted in higher water-extractable concentrations of sodium (17.4%), potassium (16.8%), calcium (11.3%), magnesium (13.2%), dissolved organic carbon (DOC, 14.5%) and nitrate (20.4%) in soil extracts. In the compacted soil, however, the enhanced nutrient availability due to the activity of the enchytraeids was less pronounced than in the non-compacted soil. Although the concentrations of DOC (13.5%), nitrate (15.6%), calcium (5.8%) and magnesium (4.0%) were significantly higher in the presence of E. albidus than in the columns without animals, the performance of the animals was partly impaired. This was most likely due to the higher penetration resistance of the compacted soils. The degree of compaction investigated in this study was relatively low-chosen to allow for the colonization of the soils by E. albidus. We conclude that the observed negative effects of increased bulk densities on the activity of soil enchytraeids can occur in any more frequented city park, thereby decreasing turnover rates and the supply of soil nutrients in urban ecosystems. 相似文献
15.
Summary Five selected vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and the native population of a cambisol were tested in sterilized soil conditions, with Trifolium pratense as host plant. Indigenous fungi were the most effective in enhancing plant growth and P uptake, which were correlated with a higher root colonization. Selected fungi did not spread further in the root after 4 months from sowing, occupying less than 10% at the end of the experiment; inoculation with Glomus fasciculatum E3 yielded a higher dry-matter production than any other VAM species, but did not significantly increase shoot P concentration above that of the non-mycorrhizal control. Interactions between indigenous and introduced VAM fungi were studied in unsterilized soil. Results from fresh and dry weights of shoots and the percentage of fungal infection showed that the native endophytes competed more efficiently in colonizing the root. Inoculation with selected VAM species did not improve plant growth. Sterilization altered the inorganic P fractions of the soil, particularly those extracted with NH4F and NaOH. Sterilized soil contained less inorganic P than unsterilized soil, but more soluble P. By the end of the experiment in sterilized soil, P extracted with NH4Cl, NH4F and NaOH and total inorganic P were significantly different among inoculation treatments, suggesting that VAM fungi may differ in their ability to take up P. 相似文献
16.
L. Polge de Combret ‐ Champart N. Guilpart A. Mérot A. Capillon C. Gary 《Soil Use and Management》2013,29(4):557-566
In perennial crops such as grapevine, there is a considerable risk of soil degradation caused by mechanization. Organic farming may increase traffic and result in more intensive soil structure degradation, especially on wet soil. Soil structure was observed in 69 soil profiles from 12 vineyards (Languedoc‐Roussillon, Bordeaux, Provence, Burgundy, Rhône Valley) to study the relationships between permanent soil characteristics (texture, stoniness, waterlogging), cultivation practices (technical operations, traffic, farm equipment) and soil structure. Compaction zones were identified in soil profiles viewed perpendicularly to the grapevine rows. The percentage of compacted area and a score for compaction intensity were assessed in the top 0.5 m of the soil profile in three soil compartments defined by the distance from the grapevine row: (1) 0 to 0.2 m (2) 0.2 m to 0.5 m and (3) 0.5 m to the middle of the inter‐row. Most soil profiles exhibited considerable compaction: 75% of the soil profiles were compacted in compartments 2 or 3. Intensity correlated with depth of compaction in compartment 2 – the deeper the compaction, the greater the compaction intensity. Four types of soil profiles could be identified, depending on the location of compacted zones and of their intensity of compaction. The factors that determined the types of soil profiles were as follows: soil vulnerability to compaction, use of moderating practices (practices that limit the risk of compaction) and traffic geometry. A statistical analysis resulted in a decision tree that provides a useful basis to choose cultivation practices that limit damage to or improve soil structure. 相似文献
17.
Mohammad Rezvani Mohammad Reza Ardakani Farhad Rejali Faezeh Zaefarian Sadollah Teimouri Ghorban Noormohammadi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(6):904-919
It has been previously indicated that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can enhance the bioremediation abilities of their host plant. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a crop plant with some unique physiological properties, such as tolerance to salinity. However, its tolerance to other stresses such as heavy metals must be tested. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that barley can be efficiently used to treat heavy metals in symbiotic and non-symbiotic association with AM fungi. In a greenhouse experiment barley plants were inoculated with the AM species Glomus mosseae and grown in a soil polluted with cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), and lead (Pb). Relative to Cd and Co, mycorrhizal barley absorbed significantly higher amounts of Pb. AM species also significantly decreased Cd and Co uptake by barley indicating the alleviating effects of G. mosseae on the stress of such heavy metals. 相似文献
18.
《Pedobiologia》2014,57(4-6):223-233
Mycorrhizal fungi and earthworms can individually or interactively influence plant growth and heavy metal uptake. The influence of earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi either alone or in combination on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and cadmium (Cd) uptake was investigated in a calcareous soil artificially spiked with Cd. Soils were contaminated with Cd (10 and 20 mg Cd kg−1), inoculated or un-inoculated with the epigeic earthworm Lumbricus rubellus and two AM fungal species (Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae) for two months of growth under greenhouse conditions. Generally, earthworms alone increased both shoot P uptake and biomass but decreased shoot Cd concentration and root Cd uptake. AM fungi individually often increased total maize P uptake, declined shoot Cd concentration, and consequently produced higher total biomass. However, R. irregularis enhanced shoot Cd uptake at low Cd level and root Cd uptake at high Cd level. In plants inoculated with F. mosseae species, earthworms increased shoot biomass and Cd uptake, decreased root biomass and Cd uptake at all Cd levels, and increased shoot Cd concentration at low Cd level. In plants colonized by R. irregularis species, however, earthworm addition decreased maize biomass only at high Cd level and root Cd concentration and total maize Cd uptake at both Cd levels. Earthworm activity decreased Cd transfer from the soil to maize roots at low Cd level, but this was counterbalanced in the presence of F. mosseae. Mycorrhizal symbiosis significantly reduced the transfer of Cd from roots to shoots, independence of earthworm effect. Overall, it is concluded that L. rubellus and AM fungi, in particular F. mosseae isolate, improved maize tolerance to Cd toxicity both individually and interactively by increasing plant growth and P nutrition, and restricting Cd transfer to the aboveground biomass. Consequently, the single and interactive effects of the two soil organisms might potentially be important not only in protecting maize plants against Cd toxicity, but also in Cd phytostabilization in soils polluted by this highly toxic metal. 相似文献
19.
覆盖作物根系对砂姜黑土压实的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
轮作直根系的覆盖作物被认为是缓解土壤压实的有效手段,但不同覆盖作物对土壤压实的适应性在不同气候和土壤条件下存在较大差异。为筛选更适宜缓解砂姜黑土压实的覆盖作物品种(模式),在安徽典型砂姜黑土设置不压实(Non-compacted,NC)与压实(Compacted,C)处理,通过种植不同覆盖作物(休闲、苜蓿、油菜、萝卜+毛苕子混播),分析覆盖作物根系对压实土壤的响应。结果表明:与不压实处理相比,压实处理显著增加了0~30 cm土层土壤容重(8.65%);显著增加了0~27.5 cm和37.5~45 cm土层的穿透阻力;显著改变0~20 cm土层土壤收缩特征。同时,土壤压实大幅度降低了0~50 cm土层苜蓿、油菜、萝卜+毛苕子的根干重密度,增加了苜蓿、油菜、萝卜+毛苕子的根比表面积。压实处理下50~70 cm土层萝卜+毛苕子根干重密度、根体积密度和根长密度均大于苜蓿和油菜,表明萝卜+毛苕子混播种植模式下根系穿透压实土壤能力最强。压实处理下不同覆盖作物地上覆盖度和生物量均表现为由大到小依次为萝卜+毛苕子、油菜、苜蓿。与不压实处理相比,压实处理分别减少苜蓿、油菜、萝卜+毛苕子地上部分生物量的62.5%、67.6%、15.8%,地下部分生物量的61.4%、57.7%、47.8%。因此,萝卜+毛苕子种植模式下根系生长受压实影响最小,在压实土壤中适应性最好。 相似文献
20.
Ibrahim Ortas 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(17):2043-2056
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) inoculations may improve growth and nutrient uptake of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plant. Although the importance of mycorrhizal symbioses for growth and nutrient acquisition of cotton plant is known, less is known about mycorrhizal dependency on P and Zn nutrition under low Zn fertile soil conditions. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different of P and Zn fertilizer addition on cotton plant growth as well as Zn and P uptake. Sterilized and non-sterilized low Zn fertile Konya series soil was treated with different levels of P and Zn. Soils were inoculated with two mycorrhizae species like Funneliformis mosseae and Claroideoglomus etunicatum after sterilization. Results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth and nutrient uptake has significant effect when soil was sterilized. Cl. etunicatum mycorrhizae species has greater effect than Fu. mosseae mycorrhizae species. Root colonization increased 23–65% due to mycorrhizal amendment. The shoot: root ratio increased by 13 and 22% for non-sterile and sterile condition respectively in mycorrhiza amended soil. Mycorrhizal dependency varies 1–55% and 3–64% for non-sterile and sterile soil respectively on mycorrhizae, P and Zn amended soil. Mycorrhizal dependency analysis showed that cotton plant in both sterile and non-sterile soil conditions depends on mycorrhizae species, P nutrition, however is less depend on Zn nutrition. This study concluded that the inoculation of cotton plant with selected mycorrhizae is necessary under both sterile and non-sterile soil conditions. 相似文献