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1.
The inhibitors of protein and nucleic acid synthesis; chloramphenicol, para-fluorophenylalanine, actinomycin D, and 5-fluorouracil were evaluated for their effectiveness in inhibiting coumarin-induced tuberization, tuber growth, and the inhibition of.root and shoot growth of excised axillary shoots of potato sprouts culturedin vitro. To date, it has been demonstrated that both kinetin and coumarin readily effect 100 percent tuberization of the shoots culturedin vitro. The results of the present study demonstrate that with the exception of 5-fluorouracil, the inhibitors significantly inhibited the coumarin-induced. tuberization, tuber growth, and root growth whereas in previously published data by Palmer and Smith (6), the inhibitors merely delayed kinetin-induced tuberization. It is suggested that both protein and nucleic acid synthesis are required for the coumarin-induced tuberization processes, and the mode of action of coumarin is distinctly different from that of kinetin. 相似文献
2.
Summary A reverse of the delaying effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) was observed in in vitro tuberization of potato plantlets when the medium contained 0.8×10−5 M jasmonic acid (JA). The promoting effect of JA seemed to be correlated with the initial absence of growing roots, probably
through direct activity of JA in microtuber-producing buds in the stoloniferous shoots. This is based on the fact that JA
did not inhibit root growth a posteriori. Endogenous gibberellins (GAs) synthesized by roots did not interfere with the previous
activity of JA in tuberization. The absence of a JA promoting-effect on tuberization of previously-rooted plantlets could
be related to the capacity of potato roots to synthesize endogenous GAs which might antagonize the JA effect on buds of stoloniferous
shoots. 相似文献
3.
A. M. Van Harten 《Potato Research》1972,15(1):73-75
Summary The most reliable way to study the nature of L1 in suspected periclinal chimeras is to investigate plants derived from L1
tissue only. Induction of adventitious buds and shoots from dedifferentiated epidermal tissue only, has proved to be easy
in several ornamental plants such asSaintpaulia andStreptocarpus, but for potato until now only some incidental successes have been obtained using detached leaflets with different treatment.
If this method could be developed to give adequate numbers of adventitious shoots, it is suggested that it could be used on
a monochlamydeous (periclinal) chimera to prove the L1 origin of these shoots. 相似文献
4.
T. J. H. Hoogkamp R. G. T. Van Den Ende E. Jacobsen R. G. F. Visser 《Potato Research》2000,43(2):179-189
Summary For the induction and selection of double mutants with altered starch composition, a uniform (homohistont) amylose-free (amf) monoploid as basic plant is of vital importance. Therefore, newamf monoploids had to be developed via prickle pollination. And 26 monoploids were obtained which were screened in vitro for
vigour, leaf size and for the percentage of monoploid cells. The number of monoploid cells was underestimated at about 28%.
Seven vigorous monoploids were tested in vitro for tuberization capacity, which varied from 0 to 100%. After regeneration
in vitro, 0 to 3.7 adventitious shoots per leaf explant were formed. The tuberization capacity of these shoots varied from
0 to 48. Twoamf monoploids were selected which were vigorous and tuberized well in vitro. They are the basis for the application of an in
vitro mutation breeding protocol that should lead to the induction and selection of new starch mutants in potato. 相似文献
5.
Coumarin-induced tuberization was studied on axillary shoots excised from etiolated potato sprouts each of which was cultured in vitro. Sprouts grown on culture medium with high nitrogen concentrations produced axillary shoots which elongated and would not readily tuberize. Sprouts cultured on medium low in nitrogen produced axillary shoots which tuberized with limited elongation. Carbohydrate concentration of the culture medium for the excised axillary shoot could significantly modify the nitrogen effect of the potato sprout medium. Axillary shoots growing on high nitrogen medium did not tuberize except in cases where the carbohydrate concentration was increased. 相似文献
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7.
通过农杆菌介导将菜豆几丁质酶基因导入马铃薯 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
选用两个生产上主栽马铃薯品种“鲁引 1号”和“鲁引 4号”的试管微型薯为材料 ,通过农杆菌介导成功地将菜豆几丁质酶基因导入到马铃薯中。试管微型薯薯片与农杆菌共培养 3d后 ,转到含卡那霉素 10 0mg/L的分化培养基上诱导不定芽分化。待抗性芽长到 1 0～ 1 5cm高时 ,转入含卡那霉素 10 0mg/L的液体培养基中进行生根筛选。经过分化和生根两轮筛选的转化植株的PCR检测结果均为阳性 ,而未经转化的对照植株为阴性 ,证明该筛选系统是可靠的。早熟品种鲁引 1号的转化频率明显高于晚熟品种克新 4号 ,其最高转化频率为 4 1 0 % ,平均每个外植体可得到 3 85株转化苗。转化植株的抗病性鉴定正在进行中 相似文献
8.
J. G. Silva M. G. C. França F. T. F. Gomide J. R. Magalhaes 《American Journal of Potato Research》2013,90(2):179-185
Crop production systems should reduce nitrogen application costs and assure that the appropriate form of nitrogen is used. Thus, three potato cultivars in a hydroponic system were supplied with two different nitrogen sources to determine the effect on biomass accumulation and partitioning, and total plant nitrogen content. Cultivars Agata, Atlantic and Bintje received, on alternate days, nutritive solutions differing only in either calcium nitrate or urea. Urea stimulated biomass accumulation and total nitrogen in shoots. Moreover, urea reduced the ratios tuber:shoot and tuber:root, and increased the ratio shoot:root, indicating competition for biomass partitioning between shoots and tubers. Urea stimulated greater tuber volume in the Atlantic cultivar, and increased tuber protein content, which is undesirable for industry. These results suggested that salts containing nitrate could be more appropriate for hydroponic potato cultivation, since urea compromised tuber quality and biomass partitioning in all cultivars studied. 相似文献
9.
Mohamed Errebhi Carl J. Rosen Florian I. Lauer Max W. Martin John B. Bamberg 《American Journal of Potato Research》1999,76(3):143-151
Modern potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) require high rates of fertilizer nitrogen (N). This practice is costly and can pose a serious threat to surface and groundwater. Previous evaluation of wild potato germplasm demonstrated the existence of species capable of producing high total biomass under low N conditions, with the ability to make maximum use of added N. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted in 1994 and 1995 to investigate the response of selected wild potato accessions and their hybrids with the haploid USW551 (USW) to low and high N environments. The haploid USW and cultivars Russet Burbank, Red Norland, and Russet Norkotah were also included in the study. Uniform propagules and seedlings from the variousSolanum species were transplanted to a Hubbard loamy sand (Udic Haploboroll) at Becker, Minn. and were subjected to two N treatments: 0 and 225 kg N ha-1. At harvest, total dry biomass of wild and hybrid potato germplasm was equal to or higher than that of the cultivars. However, cultivar biomass partitioning was 1% to roots, 15% to shoots, 0% to fruits, and 84% to tubers, whereas wild potato species partitioned 18% to roots plus nontuberized stolons, 52% to shoots, 23% to fruits, and only 7% to tubers. Hybrids were intermediate, allocating 9% of their biomass to roots plus nontuberized stolons, 39% to shoots, 14% to fruits, and 38% to tubers. Nitrogen use efficiencies for many of the species and crosses were comparable to that for Russet Burbank and greater than those for Red Norland and Russet Norkotah. Of the wild species tested,S. chacoense accessions had the highest biomass accumulation and N uptake efficiencies and may be the best source of germplasm for improving NUE in a potato breeding program. 相似文献
10.
Summary A technique is described by which families of potato seedlings can be rapidly screened for resistance to potato leaf roll
virus (PLRV) in the greenhouse with a minimum expenditure of labour and bench space. Seed of different families was sown in
rows in four replicated blocks and the seedlings produced were exposed to viruliferousMyzus persicae when very young. Symptoms resembling those typical of secondary infection with PLRV developed within a few weks and families
with few affected seedlings compared with the susceptible control were classed as resistant. Tests done at different times
with similar sets of families gave similar results. Applying infectiveM. persicae by shaking heavily colonised potato shoots above the seedlings was more effective and far less time consuming than transferring
them individually by hand using a fine paint brush. 相似文献
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12.
Summary A test procedure for PSTVd is described based on immobilisation of plant sap on filter paper, by dotting or tissue printing
followed by RT-PCR. Tests were carried out using primarily and secondarily infected potato plants, primarily infected in vitro
plants, and potato tubers. Print PCR was shown to be suitable for testing large samples of potato plants whereas dot PCR is
recommended for in vitro plantlets and tuber tissue. Bulking one infected plant to 4 or 9 healthy plants gave reliable results
with secondarily infected potato plants, but sometimes the test failed to detect PSTVd in primarily infected in vitro plants.
Dotted and printed paper squares could be stored at 4°C for at least 2 weeks in Triton X-100 solution or under dry conditions.
Storing at room temperature can lead to unreliable results. 相似文献
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14.
根癌土杆菌菌株T_(37),C_(58)和B_6S_3单独或与C_(58) CIpGV 3850::110(?)neo(带有一嵌合基因NOS—NPT使植物产生卡那霉素抗性)接种马铃薯块茎盘。每块茎盘肿瘤数因细菌菌株、马铃薯基因型和所取块茎盘在块茎上的位置而变化。T_(37)诱导的品种Desiree的肿瘤分化了芽。大部分肿瘤的分化芽合成胭脂碱,表明是经pTiT—DNA转化的。用发根土壤杆菌菌株A_4诱导的毛状根切段培养后再生成株。再生植株具有明显的表型变异,并有agropinc合成,证明是经pRiT—DNA转化的。 相似文献
15.
丛生芽—蝴蝶兰无性快速繁殖的新途径 总被引：29，自引：2，他引：29
不经过愈伤组织直接诱导蝴蝶兰“丛生芽”是一种变异率低的快繁方法。本文着重研究了诱导“丛生芽”的两个关键环节,即“丛生芽”的增殖及其壮苗的培育。随着BA浓度的提高,“丛生芽”增殖率上升,BA浓度分别为1,5,10,20mg/L培养50天后增殖率分别为189％,307％,475％,523％,但10mg/L培育的苗比20mg/L的壮。添加椰子水可使“丛生芽”的增殖率提高近1倍,而且生势较好。适当增加培养室的光照并加入香蕉和土豆等有机物能促进根系生长,使蝴蝶兰苗更健壮。 相似文献
16.
Plant regeneration from tuber discs of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) using 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)
Summary Shoots, roots and callus were formed from tuber discs of potato, cultivar Désirée, when grown in vitro on the basal medium
of Murashige & Skoog (1962) (MS) supplemented with 2,4-D and/or BAP. Callus was formed in MS medium with 1 mg l−1 BAP plus 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-D, callus and roots were formed in MS with 1 mg l−1 BAP plus more than 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-D and shoots were formed directly on tuber discs cultured on MS medium with 1 mg l−1 BAP without the addition of 2,4-D.
Nodules produced at the explant surface after the 4th week increased in size following subculture onto the same medium (MS+BAP
alone), and 2 to 6 shoots developed from each nodule. After 9 weeks total time in culture, these shoots were excised and transferred
as cuttings to MS medium without growth regulators, after which roots developed and plantlets were formed.
A histological study of the explants at the sites of nodule formation indicated that the shoots developed from meristematic
zones initiated within small outgrowths of tissue similar to those occuring in adventive organogenesis but the presence of
shoot and root meristems associated with the same axis suggests the formation of somatic embryos. 相似文献
17.
The use of tissue culture techniques for the international movement of potato clonal germplasm was studied. “Multi-meristem” cultures were established from virus-free plants by procedures described earlier by the authors. Well developed plantlets, regenerated aseptically from “nodal cuttings” of shoots produced in multi-meristem cultures, were used for international transfer. The medium contained the Murashige-Skoog mineral and vitamin components, with 2% sucrose, and was supplemented with 2 mg/l calcium pantothenate and 0.2 mg/l gibberellic acid. The cultures survived the mail shipment when 1% agar medium and small test tubes were used; polystyrene containers reduced damage due to abrupt temperature changes. At the receiving end, higher survival rates during the recovery of plants was achieved through potting of plantlets regenerated from nodal cutting cultures. A total of 43 pest and disease-free potato clones have been distributedin vitro from CIP to 10 different countries. The training of technicians from developing countries played an important role in the application of these methods. 相似文献
18.
Summary The effect of liquid and solid media on the growth of micropropagated potato shoots (cvs Spunta, Kennebec and Huinkul) was
studied in relation to the availability of nutrients and water in the culture medium. Nitrogen and sugar assimilation in the
shoot and the water content of the shoots were evaluated. The water content of the plant tissues was not affected by the physical
state of the medium. The liquid medium caused a greater accumulation of dry matter in the shoot without changing assimilate
partition. The liquid medium increased shoot growth without affecting the number of nodes. The higher growth rate of shoots
in liquid medium was correlated with increases in their organic nitrogen and sugar contents, indicating that nutrient assimilation
was favoured in liquid media. 相似文献
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20.
A total of 1000 anther-derived plants was regenerated from tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes. Capacity to undergo androgenesis was analysed in 41 potato cultivars and 7 clones grown either in the greenhouse or in the field. Of the 48 genotypes, 33 produced embryos and 23 regenerated shoots from embryos. Anther-derived plantlet production was determined in genotypes 86110, Agria, Calgary, Escort, Helios, Idole, JO 0982 JO 1432, Kainuun Musta, Kardal, KE48, Matilda, Nicola, Petra, Pito, Rustica, Stirling, Torridon, Ute, Van Gogh, Vebeca, Vento and White Lady. The highest number of shoots (24 shoots/100 anthers) was obtained from cv. Calgary, when anthers were isolated from field-grown donor plants. Incubating anthers at 28 C, rather than at 20 C or 24 C, enhanced embryo production in four genotypes tested. However, shoot production was improved only in cv. Pito cultured at 28 C. When anthers of cv. Petra were cultured at 28 C for four weeks, followed by reduction of culture temperature to 24 C, a high rate of shoot production was recorded (14 shoots/100 anthers). The ratio between dihaploids and tetraploids varied among the anther-derived plants of the different genotypes. The number of dihaploids was highest in potato clone JO1432 (100%) and in cv. Calgary (93%) and lowest in cvs. Pito (21%) and Torridon (6%). 相似文献