共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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西藏草业发展战略研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
在介绍西藏草地资源和草业发展现状的基础上，从草地生态保护与植被恢复重建、高寒草地畜牧业、牧草与草坪草种子生产、草坪业和牧草种质资源五方面对西藏草业的发展战略进行了探讨并提出了发展西藏草业的一些对策和措施。 相似文献
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西藏高寒草地畜牧业的意义、问题与发展建议 总被引：20，自引：8，他引：12
概述了西藏高寒草地畜牧业在经济发展和国家生态安全等方面的重大意义；阐述了目前草地家畜两退化草原环境压力进一步加深，草地畜牧业经营管理水平较低生产和生态效益不高，因草地使用权不落实而加剧草地退化等问题；提出了今后草地畜牧业发展中特别需要解决的几个问题，如：全面落实草地使用权，加强对天然草地的管理与合理利用，加强人工草地建设，提高抗灾保畜能力，搞好退耕还草，大力发展营养体农业和季节畜牧业，采取有效措施，防治有毒有害植物与鼠类危害，加强对特色草产业的开发并促进其向产业化发展，提高草业发展的科技水平与从业者素质，以及对今后草业发展项目的建议。 相似文献
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西藏为全国五大牧区之一，草地是广大牧民放牧养畜及生活生存依赖的物质基础，草业是牧区人民发展经济和脱贫致富的支柱产业。因此，加强草地保护和生态环境建设，对实施可持续发展，全面建设小康社会，实现农牧业产业化经营有着重大意义。 相似文献
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西藏草地畜牧业发展战略的调整 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文分析并提出西藏草地畜牧业发展战略调整应:从传统的纯牧区逐步向半农半牧区和农区过渡,形成牧区繁育,农区、半农半牧区育肥,城镇加工的分布格局;开发东部林芝地区草地载畜潜力,稳定、提高中部拉萨市、山南地区草地畜牧业的生产经营水平,保护西部那曲与阿里地区草地,划定禁牧区,建设西部自然保护区;建植人工草地,实施退耕还草、农田种草,实现以草定畜;在青藏铁路沿线,选择低海拔城镇,建设牦牛肉、肥羔肉小包装、分割肉加工基地,以此带动东部、中部绿色牦牛肉、肥羔肉生产和季节草地畜牧业的发展;建设西部绒山羊基地和"一江两河"流域奶牛业;努力扩大边境畜产品贸易,提高畜产品商品率. 相似文献
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藏北高寒草地生态系统现状及发展态势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以藏北那曲地区为例,分析了1955－2005年高寒草地、人口、家畜和社会经济现状与发展态势。结果表明,50年来,藏北那曲地区的年均气温上升了0.8～2.0 ℃,年均降水量增加了100～240 mm,牧业人口增加了5倍左右,家畜存栏数增加了2.9倍,牧民人均纯收入增长了94.1%,人均消费支出增长了93.1%,高寒草地退化面积占总草地面积的64.3%。以上结果说明,藏北那曲地区的气候向湿润暖温方向变化,对减缓草地退化趋势具有促进作用,而牧业人口的增加和过度放牧利用成为高寒草地退化的主要原因。因此,正确处理草地畜牧业经济发展与生态屏障保护的关系,合理利用草地资源,是目前藏北高寒草地生态系统可持续发展亟待解决的问题。 相似文献
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从天然牧地看 ,青藏大区具有高蛋白、高脂肪、高无氮浸出物、高灰分、高代谢能及低纤维 (即 5高 1低 )的特征 ;南方大区恰好相反 ,呈现为 5低 1高的特征 ;北方大区的各项营养成分含量居中。就人工牧地而言 ,粗蛋白含量亦为青藏大区较高 ,粗脂肪和粗灰分则以南方大区较高 ,而粗纤维、无氮浸出物和代谢能 3个大区相近。人工牧地与天然牧地比较 ,前者的粗蛋白、可消化蛋白、Ca和P的含量显著地高 ,营养比和粗脂肪明显地低 ,而 2类牧地的代谢能、粗纤维、无氮浸出物和粗灰分相近或略有差异。由此表明 ,人工牧地在营养价值方面优于天然牧地 ,原因主要在于其蛋白质含量较高、营养比较低。 相似文献
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《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2020,73(4):520-530
Plateau zokor (Myospalax fontanierii) is a native subterranean rodent in alpine rangeland on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) in China, and its foraging, digging, and mounds building cause the unique disturbance pattern to alpine rangeland ecosystem. Over the past decades, the zokors have been regarded as major pests who result in the degradation of the rangeland ecosystem in the QTP and have been simply eliminated by rodenticides or traps. Understanding the function of zokors and evaluating the zokors’ impacts on alpine rangeland systems should be the solid scientific basis for zokor control. In this study, we considered the average nearest neighbor indices of zokor mounds to represent the disturbance intensity of zokor to alpine rangeland and surveyed the plant species richness, diversity indices, biomass, and soil physicochemical properties in intermound areas under different zokor disturbance intensities in alpine rangeland in Tianzhu Tibet Autonomous County, located in eastern QTP. Our results indicated that 1) the plant species diversity indices were positively correlated with zokor disturbance intensity and aboveground and belowground biomasses were not significantly different under the different disturbance intensities; 2) the importance value of the forb functional group increased as the disturbance intensities increased, and the sedge functional group showed the opposite trend. The proportions of aboveground and belowground biomasses of forbs increased as the disturbance level increased; 3) there were no changes in the dominant plant species among the different disturbance intensities, but new plant species (Polygonum viviparum and Equisetum arvense) occurred in the plots with high disturbance intensities; 4) a significant positive correlation was observed between soil moisture in the 0-20 cm layer and disturbance intensity, while soil temperature exhibited a significantly negative relationship with the disturbance intensity; however, no differences in soil chemical properties were observed; and 5) redundancy analysis identified that mound building changed soil physical properties, especially soil moisture, in intermound areas, which influenced the plant community structure. In conclusion, the plateau zokor in our study area increased plant species diversity and did not decrease plant biomass, which is beneficial for alpine rangeland systems. We suggest that rangeland managers should consider the multiple functions of zokors to an alpine rangeland ecosystem instead of simply eliminating them. 相似文献
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本文从畜牧业现状、存在的问题、地理条件、资源特点、经济结构特征等方面,分析我国加入WTO对西藏草地畜牧业发展的影响;利用WTO规则,提出西藏畜牧业在世界经济一体化的形势下,应以国内外市场需要为出发点,进一步优化农牧业产业结构调整,加快与国际市场接轨,积极参与国际分工,进入世界农产品的大循环,实现优势互补. 相似文献
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为明确青藏高原4个省区牦牛轮状病毒(RV)的流行情况,本研究采用双抗原一步夹心ELISA法,对2014-2019年采集自西藏、青海、甘肃、四川的630份牦牛血清样品进行了RV抗体检测。结果显示:630份青藏高原牦牛RV血清抗体总阳性率为18.57%(117/630),西藏地区牦牛RV抗体阳性率与其他地区相比较高;2014-2019年青藏高原地区牦牛RV血清抗体年阳性率分别为37.78%、7.62%、17.14%、14.17%、15.00%、13.33%,平均阳性率为18.57%;4省牦牛RV抗体阳性率分别为西藏(25.76%)、青海(8.33%)、甘肃(16.67%)、四川(11.67%);4月龄以下牦牛(32.27%)极显著高于4~12月龄(14.05%)和大于12月龄(9.76%)。本研究结果为了解青藏高原地区牦牛轮状病毒病的血清流行病学情况奠定了坚实基础。 相似文献
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关于建立草原生态补偿机制的探讨 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
我国森林生态补偿已经有所落实,而草原生态补偿尚未进行。基于草原为社会提供大量公益性产品、草原许多经济价值不允许变现、草原退化在一定程度上是由于为国家发展作出贡献以及由于草原地区贫困引起社会不公等原因,提出要进行草原生态补偿的观点。其目的是支持和鼓励草原地区更多地承担保护草原生态环境责任的同时,维持和发展社会经济。此外,文中还对草原生态补偿的原则、对象以及资金来源等进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Yao X.-X. Wang L.-Y. Yan Z.-Y. Li Q.-L. Wang Y.-B. Ma B.-Y. Lei Y.-M. Zhou R. Xie J.-X. 《草地学报》2019,(1):113-120
In order to explore the differences of forage nutritional quality and digestibility among different types of rangelands, five typical rangeland types (alpine meadow, alpine steppe, warm steppe, desert steppe and warm desert steppe) in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were used as research objects. The characteristics of forage nutritional quality and digestibility of typical rangelands and their correlation were analyzed. The results showed that: there were significant differences in crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) among different types of rangeland (P<0.01). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between DMD and CP (P<0.05), and a significant negative correlation between DMD and NDF and ADF (P<0.05). Elevation (ELE) was positively correlated with DMD and CP (P<0.05), but negatively correlated with NDF and ADF(P<0.05). In conclusion, there were significant differences in CP, ADF, NDF and DMD among different types of grasslands in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and it mainly manifested that with the increase of altitude, ADF and NDF gradually decreased, while CP and DMD gradually increased, and forage quality gradually increased. © 2019 Authors. All rights reserved. 相似文献