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1.
陆地棉芽黄品系在棉花杂种优势上的利用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我室以陆地棉芽黄突变品系作为指示性状，对品种间Ｆ＿１杂种优势利用效应的研究已连续进行了三轮四次试验，都表明芽黄品系与常规品种间的杂种Ｆ＿１具有明显的杂种优势。Ｆ＿１的产量结构和常规品种的相类似，铃数、铃重和衣分等三个主要产量构成因素中，铃数对产量的直接贡献最大，其次是衣分和铃重。７月１５日～８月１０日间的棉铃脱落率对产量和产量构成因素有一定影响。配合力效应分析表明，特殊配合力高的杂交组合有较高的杂种优势，而特殊配合力效应伍与一般配合力有密切相关关系，即双亲一般配合力高的，杂种Ｆ１优势也高。试验结果证明，陆地棉芽黄品系在杂种优势利用中有一定增产作用，并有其标记基因效应。 相似文献
2.
陆地棉配合力与杂种优势、遗传距离的相关性分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
用10个陆地棉亲本进行不完全双列杂交,共配置了45个组合,计算亲本的一般配合力（GCA）、特殊配合力(SCA)、杂种优势,并结合SSR标记研究了陆地棉亲本配合力与杂种优势、遗传距离之间的相关关系。配合力分析发现,10个亲本的一般配合力和特殊配合力存在显著或极显著差异。分析亲本配合力、杂种优势和遗传距离的相关性发现,子棉产量、皮棉产量、衣分的一般配合力和杂种优势呈显著或极显著相关,纤维长度、比强度、麦克隆值、株高、果枝数、单株铃数、铃重、子棉产量、皮棉产量、衣分的特殊配合力和杂种优势均呈极显著正相关,而与遗传距离相关均不显著。单株铃数、铃重、子棉产量、皮棉产量、衣分的杂种优势与遗传距离均为正向显著或极显著相关。在育种实践中这些显著或极显著相关的性状可能具有较高的改良潜力。 相似文献
3.
The aim of this study was to estimate the general combining ability of the parents and specific combining ability of hybrids
considered for the development of high yielding and better quality cultivars. Seventeen genotypes and 52 F1 hybrids obtained by crossing 4 lines and 13 testers in line × tester mating system during 2003 were sown in randomized complete
block design in 2004. Line × Tester analysis revealed significant GCA and SCA effects for all the traits except fibre elongation.
Preponderance of non-additive gene action was obtained for seed cotton yield per␣plant and majority of its component traits
including fibre traits. Among the parents: PIL-8 for days to 50% flowering, CCH-526612 for boll weight, CITH-77 for number
of open bolls per plant and CNH-36 for seed cotton yield per plant were detected with higher general combining ability. Parent,
CCH-526612 for 2.5% span length, fibre strength and fibre elongation and AKH-9618 for micronaire value, fibre strength and
fibre elongation were good combiners for fibre quality traits. The F1s achieved high seed cotton yield by producing more number of open bolls. The high yielding hybrids with acceptable fibre
quality traits were: CISV-24 × LH-1995, H-1242 × PIL-8 and RS-2283 × SGNR-2 deducted with significant SCA effects for seed
cotton yield and fibre characteristics; 2.5% span length and fibre strength. These cross combinations involved at least one
parent with high or average GCA effect for a particular trait. 相似文献
4.
优异纤维品质陆地棉与转基因抗虫棉的配合力及遗传效应分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用10个优异纤维品质陆地棉品种和6个转Bt基因抗虫棉品种配组的10×6 NCII交配设计,对其产量、品质及抗虫性的配合力及遗传效应进行了分析。结果表明：Bt基因能在F1得到显性遗传。以A8的产量性状一般配合力最高,A4的纤维品质性状一般配合力最高;A7×B5、A6×B1等组合的各性状特殊配合力较好;亲本的一般配合力与组合间特殊配合力不存在显著相关性。遗传效应分析表明,基因加性效应对铃重、衣分、2.5%跨长、比强度、伸长率等性状起主导作用;双亲的互作效应对F1产量性状起重要作用;2.5%跨长、铃重、比强度的狭义遗传力较高,产量性状的狭义遗传力最低。 相似文献
5.
6.
The cultivated tetraploid Gossypium barbadense L. cotton produces superior natural fibers for the textile industry in the world. However, the possibility in utilization of heterosis to further increase its lint yield has not been extensively explored. In this study, two commercial US Pima cotton cultivars and three exotic G. barbadense lines, together with all of their possible hybrids in F1 and F2 progeny without reciprocals, were tested for lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality traits in four environments in 2005–2007. With a few exceptions, genotype (G), environment (E), and G × E were all significant or highly significant for all the traits studied. General combining ability (GCA) variances for all the traits in both F1 and F2 were also significant, while specific combining ability (SCA) variances were detected only for lint yield, fiber length, and micronaire in both generations and boll weight in F1. GCA × E was also detected for lint percent, seed index, and fiber length in both F1 and F2, and boll weight in F1, but none of the traits had significant SCA × E. As a group, F1 and F2 out-yielded the parent group by 20–40% and 6–10%, respectively. Mid-parent heterosis (MPH) for lint yield in F1 was generally positive, ranging from ?4.7 to 116.4% with an average of 21.2–48.7%, while lint yield MPH in F2 ranged from ?23.3 to 69.4% with an average of 6.4–12.4%. However, useful heterosis in lint yield was only detected in the hybrid between the two US commercial cultivars Pima S-7 and DP 340. MPH for other traits was low or not detected. MPH in F2 was lower than that in F1 but they were generally positively correlated. The genetic distances (GD) of the parents (based on 467 polymorphic RAPD and AFLP markers) between the five parents was not consistently correlated with MPH and SCA of their hybrids and dominant effects for lint yield and other traits. However, significant and positive correlations between GD of parents and the performance of their hybrids were detected for lint yield, lint percentage, and lint index in both F1 and F2 in most of the tests. GD of parents was also correlated with their GCA and additive effects in lint yield, lint percent, lint index, micronaire, plant height, and elongation. The results suggest that the close correlation between GD and hybrid performance per se was mainly due to the existence of GCA and additive effects from parents. 相似文献
7.
Boll number, lint percentage, and boll weight are three component traits for lint yield of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Selecting high yielding lines or hybrids depends on the ability to dissect the genetic relationship of lint yield with
these component traits. In this study, 14 day-neutral lines with desirable fiber quality derived from primitive accessions
were top crossed with five commercial cultivars. The F2 populations and parents were grown in one location in 1998 and two locations in 1999 at Mississippi State, MS. The F3 populations and parents were grown in two locations in 2000. Lint yield and three component traits were measured and analyzed
by the ADAA genetic model with the mixed model based conditional approach. Results showed that boll number or boll number
with lint percentage or boll weight contributed to the majority of the phenotypic variance and variance components for lint
yield. Boll number was more important than the other two component traits in terms of various genetic effects. The results
also showed that the combination of boll number and boll weight greatly increased the contribution to lint yield even though
boll weight itself had no significant contribution to lint yield compared to boll number alone. The genetic contribution effects
were also predicted due to single component traits or their combinations for parents and crosses. The results revealed that
the balanced selection of boll weight and boll number should be considered to obtain high yielding hybrids or pure lines.
Contribution of the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Mississippi Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn. Mention of trademark, proprietary
product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA, ARS and does not imply its approval
to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. 相似文献
8.
本文采用NCⅡ交配设计方法,以9个陆地棉品种(系)配置16个杂交组合,利用加性—显性与环境互作的遗传模型(ADE模型),分析亲本和F1在2013年持续高温干旱条件下望江、九江2个环境下的农艺和产量性状,估算了各项遗传方差分量,分析了性状间各项遗传效应的相关性和各性状的杂种优势。结果表明,农艺和产量性状易受环境条件影响,子棉产量、皮棉产量、单株铃数和铃重的遗传主要受显性效应控制,衣分同时受加性和显性效应控制,子指主要受加性效应控制。遗传相关分析表明,子棉产量和皮棉产量与铃重和衣分呈显性正相关;铃重与衣分呈显性正相关,衣分与子指的加性和显性均为负相关。杂种优势分析表明,中棉所63的铃重、衣分、子指、子棉产量和皮棉产量的群体平均优势达极显著水平,其皮棉产量的杂种优势可以利用至F3。 相似文献
9.
转基因抗虫棉产量性状的遗传效应及其杂种优势分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
采用加性-显性与环境互作的遗传模型,分析了9个亲本和36个F1的皮棉产量、单株铃数、铃重和衣分的两年资料,估算了转基因抗虫棉各项遗传方差和成对性状间各项遗传效应的相关性.结果表明,转基因抗虫棉的产量性状受加性和显性效应共同控制,皮棉产量、铃重和衣分都以基因的显性效应为主,而单株铃数是以加性效应为主,单株铃数和衣分还具有基因与环境互作效应.遗传相关分析表明,转基因抗虫棉的皮棉产量与单株铃数的基因型和表现型相关系数都比较大而且比较接近;皮棉产量与单株铃数、铃重和衣分的加性相关系数都达到极显著水平,而且皮棉产量与单株铃数、衣分的数值比较大.利用亲本和F1的资料预测了F2基因型值和杂种优势,结果表明,转基因抗虫棉F2的皮棉产量、单株铃数、铃重和衣分的群体平均优势分别为4.0%、5.1%、-1.3%和3.2%,群体超亲优势分别为-7.3%、-6.0%、-4.2%和-0.5%. 相似文献
10.
选用4份分枝型恢复系和6份雄性不育系材料作亲本,按照不完全双列杂交（NCII）设计配制24份向日葵杂交组合,对组合的小区产量、单株产量、单盘实粒数、百粒重、籽仁率、籽粒长度和籽粒宽度7个性状的亲本配合力、遗传参数及竞争优势进行分析。结果表明,24份组合的7个性状存在真实性的遗传差异。在亲本不育系一般配合力（GCA）选择的基础上,应注意组合特殊配合力（SCA）的选择,GCA效应值高的亲本育种潜力较大,组配出优势组合的概率大;籽粒长度和籽粒宽度的狭义遗传力较低,分别为7.91%和14.89%,不宜进行早代选择;GCA较高的不育系为亲本A和亲本D,其中亲本A在各性状上均为正向GCA效应值,且在供试不育系中,其GCA效应值最大,其次为亲本D;组合1×A小区产量的SCA效应值及竞争优势最高,为本试验中的最优组合,其他籽粒性状与对照相比也均有提升。 相似文献
11.
陆地棉高品质系的杂种优势利用研究 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12
采用 NCII设计 ,以 5个高品质系与 12个抗病品系配制杂交组合 ,杂种优势和配合力分析表明 :F1 的群体平均优势、超亲优势和竞争优势 ,子棉产量分别为 2 8.92 %、2 0 .69%和 19.42 % ,皮棉产量分别为 3 1.40 %、2 2 .3 4%和 18.79% ;F1 纤维品质的竞争优势和群体平均优势 ,2 .5 %跨长为5 .0 5 %和 0 .47% ,比强度为 2 1.0 6%和 2 .3 9% ,麦克隆值为 -6.60 %和 -0 .0 9%。子棉产量、皮棉产量、单株铃数和铃重以显性方差为主 ,分别占表型方差的 66.3 1%、66.12 %、61.0 8%和 65 .0 6% ;衣分的加性方差和显性方差均达极显著水平 ,分别占表型方差的 5 1.64 %和 3 9.47%。2 .5 %跨长、比强度和麦克隆值以加性方差为主 ,分别占表型方差的 73 .0 9%、72 .19%和 66.0 8%。高品质系与抗病品系配制的杂交组合 ,F1 皮棉产量较现有推广品种增产 15 %以上 ,比强度提高 2 0 %以上 ,2 .5 %跨长和细度提高 5 %以上。 相似文献
12.
D. J. Luckett 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):11-21
Summary Hayman analysis for lint percentage, boll weight, fibre quality and bacterial blight resistance of a ten-parent half-diallel set of crosses was conducted in Upland cotton. The ten parents represented a fixed sample of the best germplasm available to Australian breeders for the characters of commercial importance. Heterosis and inbreeding depression were detected particulady for boll weight and blight resistance. An analysis of genetic components and parameters indicated that since additive effects were substantial and heritability high, early-generation selection of spaced plants and pure-line breeding should be successful. Some genotypes were identified as being potentially good donors for hybridization since they possessed dominant genes for improved character expression. Acala C-1 was identified as the first-choice parent for increased boll size. Coker 315 for increased span length, while Namcala was the best parent for breeding improved fibre strength. McNair 220 possessed the most dominant genes for high lint percentage. Reba P279 and Siokra were the only parents with resistance to the prevelant race of bacterial blight. 相似文献
13.
Germplasm for genetic improvement of lint yield in Upland cotton: genetic analysis of lint yield with yield components 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Determination of genetic effects for lint yield and yield components in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm is critical for its utilization in breeding programs. This study was designed to apply the conditional approach and an additive and dominant model to analyze genetic effects for lint yield and yield components. Forty-eight F2 populations derived from crosses between four existent Upland cotton cultivars as female parents and 12 germplasm lines as male parents were evaluated at two locations in 2008 and 2009. Conditional and unconditional variance components were estimated by the mixed linear model based conditional approach. Lint yield and yield components were mainly controlled by genotypic effects, i.e., additive variance and dominance variance (≥66 % of total phenotypic variation). Lint percentage and lint index had the highest proportions of additive variance component to the total phenotypic variances. SP156 and SP205 had positive additive effects for lint yield and yield components, and were also parents of the most hybrids with positive predicted dominant effects. Therefore, these two lines are good combiners for development of both pure lines and hybrids. Positive additive contribution effects to lint yield from lint percentage, boll number, boll weight, and seed index were detected in different parents. Adding seed index to boll number and lint percentage increased additive contribution effects to lint yield from these two components relative to the contribution effects from either boll number or lint percentage alone. Results in this study suggest that boll number, lint percentage, and seed index should be balanced in pure line development. 相似文献
14.
转iaaM基因陆地棉种质系的经济性状及其杂种F1表达特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为阐明转iaaM 基因陆地棉种质系在Ⅰ型高品质杂交棉育种中的利用价值,本研究采用4 个转iaaM 基因的陆地棉新种质系、2 个高品质陆地棉种质系,及其4 个杂交组合做PCR分子检测,并对其经济性状进行区组比较试验。结果表明：4 个转iaaM 基因的父本及其杂交F1在500 bp 处均出现特征主带,而2 个高品质母本无特征主带,显示iaaM 基因在杂交F1代呈显性表达。转iaaM 种质系的衣分较高、棉铃较大、单株结铃较多、脱落率较低;但籽指偏小、种子空瘪率较高。具有iaaM 基因的杂交F1组合,其衣分、单铃重、结铃数接近转iaaM 亲本,表明转iaaM 基因的产量性状三要素在F1代呈显性表达;其中有2个杂交组合的纤维品质达优质Ⅰ型,且1 个组合的皮棉产量与Ⅲ型杂交棉对照‘苏杂201’相比,仍具有正向竞争优势。利用iaaM 种质系做为杂交亲本,只要杂交配组适当,培育具有产量优势的Ⅰ型高品质陆地杂交棉在实践上是完全可行的。 相似文献
15.
转Bt基因棉杂种优势及性状配合力研究 总被引：45，自引：19，他引：26
采用NCⅡ设计方法,选用我国构建的Bt(Bacillus thuringiensis)基因棉GK3和美国构建的Bt基因棉新棉33B等Bt基因棉为父本,配制杂交组合,分析了含Bt基因杂交棉组合的性状优势表现及配合力效应。性状优势分析表明,组合的中亲优势和竞争优势明显,皮棉产量中亲优势率达100％,竞争优势率达86．7％,多数品质性状较对照为优,表明转Bt基因棉品系与常规品种间杂种优势利用潜力较大;通径分析表明,在增产因素中,铃重和铃数所起贡献较大;配合力分析表明,父本间和母本间的GCA均方值均达显著或极显著水平,组合的SCA均方值除子、皮棉声量性状外,其余均不显著,在F1性状的遗传中,各性状的加性效应起主导作用;F1的性状表型值与父、母本的GCA呈高度正相关,并达显著水平,表明选配含Bt基因杂交组合时,选择GCA值大的亲本较为可靠。 相似文献
16.
Knowledge of genetic relationships between within‐boll yield components and fibre quality is essential for simultaneous improvement of lint yield and fibre quality in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Nine parents and their F1 progeny with reciprocals from a 3 × 6 factorial mating design were grown in 2008 and 2009. Seven within‐boll yield components and two boll morphological traits and the three fibre quality parameters were analysed based on a conditional additive/dominance (AD) genetic model. Results showed that boll length contributed to the largest proportion of phenotypic, additive and dominance variances for UHM length; seed index contributed to the largest proportion of phenotypic and additive variances for fibre strength; boll width made the largest contribution to phenotypic and additive variances and the second largest contribution to dominance‐by‐environment interaction variance for micronaire, indicating that they played an important role than the other traits for fibre length, strength and fineness/maturity, respectively. It is worthy of note that those correlations between boll shape and fibre quality apply only to the nine parents and the resultant hybrids in this study and do not imply a cause and effect relationship. 相似文献
17.
陆地棉核不育系杂交组合F1经济性状杂种优势及遗传分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为探究利用陆地棉核不育系配制杂交种在经济性状方面的优势及遗传特点,采用3个陆地棉核不育亲本与4个陆地棉可育亲本不完全双列杂交设计,对12个F1杂交组合及对照经济性状进行表型方差分析,利用加性-显性（AD）模型,对其亲本及12个F1组合进行配合力分析,同时对经济性状进行遗传方差及相关性分析。结果表明,经济性状方面,F1组合竞争优势不明显。不育系2、可育亲本48784特殊配合力和一般配合力均较高,可选作优良杂交亲本;经济性状的加性方差占表型方差比值较大,单铃重、衣分的狭义遗传率在70%以上,早代选择有效;籽棉产量、皮棉产量、霜前皮棉产量的狭义遗传率在25%以上、显性方差占表现总方差的比值达到极显著水平,这3个性状宜在偏晚世代选择,并且有较好的杂种优势利用潜力;除衣分与籽棉产量加性遗传相关不显著、单铃重与衣分加性遗传负向极显著相关外,其他成对性状加性遗传相关均达到了正向显著水平以上;籽棉产量、皮棉产量、霜前皮棉产量之间及单铃重与衣分的显性相关都达到了极显著水平。不育系在棉花杂种优势利用方面具有较大的利用前景。 相似文献
18.
杂交水稻产量及农艺性状杂种优势分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨杂种优势与双亲值、双亲一般配合力（GCA）、组合特殊配合力（SCA）、双亲遗传距离的关系,利用10个不育系和10个恢复系,按不完全双列杂交配制100个组合,对杂交水稻产量及农艺性状的杂种优势进行了分析,探索杂种优势的预测方法。结果表明：杂种一代的超亲优势和对照优势主要体现在穗长、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数几个性状上,其具有正向超亲优势组合的比例分别达到61.0%、66.0%和53.0%,具有正向对照优势的比例分别为62.0%、78.0%和79.0%,结实率性状具有正向对照优势的比例也达到58.0%。杂种优势与父母本值、父母本平均值、高亲值、低亲值及父母本差值都有较为密切的关系,超亲优势与高亲值在8个性状上都极显著相关;对照优势与母本值、父母本平均值、高亲值都呈显著或极显著正相关。杂种优势与SCA和亲本的GCA效应值密切相关,特别是对照优势与SCA和双亲的GCA都呈显著或极显著正相关,同时与父母本的GCA之差和之和都有较大的关系。杂种优势与遗传距离的关系比较复杂,当遗传距离在5~5.5范围内,双亲的距离越远,杂种优势越强。 相似文献
19.
为确定新育成印水型杂交粳稻亲本的潜力,并为印水型杂交粳稻育种提供理论基础,本研究以4个不育系和4 个恢复系为亲本进行不完全双列杂交,研究产量及其构成因素的配合力。结果表明：产量性状一般配合力(GCA)方差均达到极显著水平,除结实率外,父本的一般配合力方差大于母本,单株产量、有效穗和结实率的特殊配合力(SCA)方差达到显著或极显著水平。139A和晚轮422 的GCA效应较高,产量性状以Ⅱ类为主,139A×晚轮422 和辽粳10A×晚轮422 的单株产量水平及组合SCA效应较高。父本GCA效应和组合SCA效应对产量性状的影响较大,母本GCA效应对产量性状的影响相对较小。本研究中,父本的遗传差异大于母本,对产量性状的影响也大于母本,139A和晚轮422 有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
20.
优异纤维品质陆地棉和转基因抗虫棉的杂种优势和亲子相关性 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5
利用32个优异纤维品质陆地棉品种和8个转基因抗虫棉品种杂交配制了62个F1,研究F1的杂种优势强度及亲子相关性。结果表明:抗虫杂交棉具有极强的产量优势,在构成因素中,单铃重的优势最大,其次是衣分,而成铃数、子指表现为负优势。纤维品质性状的中亲优势较小,但具有较强的对照优势。抗虫棉F1的单铃重、纤维品质性状与双亲呈显著正相关。生育期、衣分性状只与父本呈显著正相关,果枝数与母本显著正相关,株高、成铃数等5个性状与双亲相关均未达到显著水平。 相似文献