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Yeon Kyeong Lee Jeum Kyu Hong Sigrun Hippe-Sanwald Byung Kook Hwang 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2000,57(6)
The compatible interaction of pepper stems with Phytophthora capsici showed more rapid and severe disease development than did the incompatible interaction, although pathogen penetration styles of host cells in compatible and incompatible interactions were similar to each other. Treatment with
-β-amino- n -butyric acid (BABA) protected the pepper plants against P. capsici infection. Reduced hyphal growth and sporangial formation were found after P. capsici infection in BABA-induced resistant and incompatible reactions. One of the most noticeable ultrastructural features of the BABA-induced resistant reaction was the formation of electron-dense wall appositions. The thick and dense wall appositions that encased the haustoria restricted haustorial development, thus leading to limitation of further pathogen penetration into inner plant tissues. A main host response in the incompatible interaction was the occlusion of cortical cells with an amorphous material. Plugging of the intercellular spaces in the cortical cells with electron opaque material was frequently observed in the incompatible interaction, but not in the compatible interaction. Another common feature of the BABA-induced resistant and incompatible reactions was degeneration of mitochondrial structure within penetrating hyphal cytoplasm. The mitochondrial structure in the BABA-induced resistant or incompatible reactions had no distinct double membrane layer and well-shaped cristae. 相似文献
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活性氧(active oxygen species, AOS)在植物抗病中发挥着重要作用,主要由NADPH氧化酶(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase)系统产生.为明确NADPH氧化酶NbRbohB基因在本氏烟与疫霉菌亲和与非亲和性互作中的功能,采用荧光定量PCR技术以及病毒诱导的基因沉默方法探究了NbRbohB基因在本氏烟中对2种疫霉菌抗性中的作用,并利用NADPH氧化酶抑制剂对辣椒疫霉的抗性进行了检测.结果发现:2种疫霉菌均能诱导本氏烟发生氧迸发,且NbRbohB基因可能参与了疫霉菌诱导本氏烟发生的氧迸发过程.该基因沉默后降低了本氏烟对亲和互作辣椒疫霉菌的抗性,但对非亲和互作疫霉菌的抗性没有肉眼可见的影响;NADPH氧化酶抑制剂处理本氏烟后也能降低其对辣椒疫霉的抗性.表明该基因通过介导AOS产生,参与植物对亲和性与非亲和性互作疫霉的抗病反应,在亲和互作中尤为重要. 相似文献
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Two novel pepper 13-lipoxygenase (LOX) genes were cloned and their expressions were compared with those of three 9-LOX genes in pepper leaves inoculated with two different tobamoviruses. Obuda pepper virus (ObPV) inoculation led to a massive induction of pathogenesis-related genes and to the development of hypersensitive reaction (incompatible interaction), while Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) inoculation resulted in a compatible interaction. Both virus infections markedly activated the expression of the two novel 13-LOXs. The magnitudes of induction of 13-LOXs did not differ substantially between the ObPV- and PMMoV-inoculated leaves. The induction of three 9-LOXs was markedly more robust and rapid in ObPV-inoculated leaves than in PMMoV-inoculated ones. LOXs were very differentially activated in pepper leaves treated with defense hormones. A large number of hormone-related cis-regulatory elements were identified in the promoter regions of LOXs. ObPV inoculation resulted also in the substantial up-regulation of an omega-6-fatty acid desaturase gene. Our results suggest that 9-LOX-dependent pathways are more probably involved in the suppression of virus replication than 13-LOX-dependent plant responses. 相似文献
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《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2006,68(1-3):51-60
In order to understand the defense machinery in the model cereal crop rice, we performed a large-scale analysis of rice gene expression in response to rice blast Magnaporthe grisea (M. grisea) or Magnaporthe oryzae and bacterial blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) during the early incompatible and compatible interactions. Using a gene chip containing 10 254 rice cDNAs representing 9240 unique genes, we identified 794 and 612 genes differentially expressed in the incompatible and compatible rice–M. grisea interactions, respectively, with 274 genes co-regulated during both interactions. In the rice–Xoo pathosystem, 454 and 498 differentially expressed genes were identified in the incompatible and compatible interactions, respectively, including 237 co-regulated genes in the both interactions. By clustering differentially regulated genes from all these interactions, we identified 29 co-regulated genes in the all four interactions, and 86 and 74 co-regulated genes in the two incompatible and two compatible interactions, respectively. These differentially expressed genes could be classified into three categories, including M. grisea- and Xoo-regulated, M. grisea-specific, and Xoo-specific. The expression patterns of representative defense-related genes were further confirmed by RT-PCR. The large-scale expression data from our microarray analysis indicated the existence of distinctive as well as shared defense pathways between the rice–M. grisea and rice–Xoo interactions. 相似文献
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Ji Yoon Sunwoo Yeon Kyeong Lee Byung Kook Hwang 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(7):663-670
Treatment of pepper plants with the nonprotein amino acid, DL-ß-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA) induced resistance to subsequent infection byPhytophthora capsici. In contrast, theα-, andγ-isomers of aminobutyric acid were ineffective as inducers of resistance. A relatively high concentration of BABA at 1,000μg ml?1, which had no antifungal activityin vitro againstP. capsici, was required to induce resistance against Phytophthora blight with a foliar and stem spray, thus leading to complete control of the disease. About 1 day interval between BABA-treatment and challenge inoculation was sufficient to induce resistance in pepper plants. High inoculum levels ofP. capsici caused Phytophthora development slowly in pepper stems treated with BABA, especially at early plant growth stage, which suggests that the induced resistance in pepper plants may be more quantitative rather than qualitative. BABA applied to the root system also protected pepper stems fromP. capsici infection. 相似文献
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Rita Musetti Khaled Farhan Federica De Marco Rachele Polizzotto Annarita Paolacci Mario Ciaffi Paolo Ermacora Simone Grisan Simonetta Santi Ruggero Osler 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(1):13-19
To improve knowledge about plant/phytoplasma interactions and, in particular, about the ‘recovery’ phenomenon in previously-infected plants, we investigated and compared expression levels of several defence-related genes (four pathogenesis-related proteins and three jasmonate-pathway marker enzymes) in apple plants showing different states of health: vigorous (healthy), phytoplasma-infected, and recovered. Real Time-PCR analyses demonstrated that genes are differentially expressed in apple leaf tissue according to the plants’ state of health. Malus domestica Pathogenesis-Related protein (MdPR) 1, MdPR 2 and MdPR 5 were significantly induced in leaves of diseased and symptomatic plants compared to leaves of those plants that were healthy or recovered. On the other hand, levels of all the jasmonate (JA)-pathway marker genes that we selected for this study, were up-regulated in the leaves of recovered plants compared to the diseased ones. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that two different sets of defence genes are involved in the interactions between apple plants and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ (‘Ca. P. mali’) and that these genes are differentially expressed during phytoplasma infection or recovery. 相似文献
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Esmaeil Miraeiz Ramin Heydari Wim Bert 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(1):157-166
Phytophthora capsici infection of chili pepper seedlings can cause substantial losses due to damping-off and collar rot diseases. Chemical control is no longer effective due to reported resistance development, on top of the related environmental concerns and the consumer demands for reduced use of fungicides. Biological control is a sustainable option, with several agents having been reported to be effective against this pathogen. This research focused on optimizing the application of strain THSW13 of Trichoderma hamatum and a bacterial isolate BJ10–86 with the objectives of improving chili pepper seed germination, reduce damping-off disease incidence, and improve the growth of the seedlings. Bacterial isolate BJ10–86 was subjected to molecular identification and found to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chili pepper seeds treated with the biocontrol agents, individually or in combination, were seeded into commercial nursery media that had been pre-inoculated with P. capsici zoospores. Over a period of 35 days the chili pepper seed treatments significantly (P = 0.008) reduced the disease incidence of seedlings damping-off. Combined application of T. hamatum and P. aeruginosa was the best biocontrol treatment with an area under disease curve of only 36.61 units compared to 92.87 units for the control treatment. Similar results were observed in vitro where T. hamatum and P. aeruginosa synergistically inhibited P. capsici growth by 73.2 %. The inhibition activity of this treatment was similar to mefenoxam treatment, which implies that it is an effective and sustainable alternative for chili pepper seed treatment. The biocontrol seed treatment had no effect on seed germination and seedling growth. 相似文献
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为明确自主分离的生防菌株寡雄腐霉Pythium oligandrum GAQ1对辣椒疫病的生防效果及其防御机制,通过平板拮抗和盆栽防效试验测定寡雄腐霉菌株GAQ1对辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici菌丝的拮抗作用、对辣椒疫病的防效和对辣椒的促生效果,同时应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测菌株GAQ1处理后辣椒抗性基因表达的变化。结果表明,寡雄腐霉菌株GAQ1的菌丝可以缠绕并吸附寄生在辣椒疫霉菌丝表面或穿入菌丝体内,使辣椒疫霉菌丝细胞死亡;菌株GAQ1发酵液处理辣椒离体叶片再接种辣椒疫霉后产生的病斑直径较对照组显著减少,离体防效为30.79%;接种菌株GAQ1菌丝球后,辣椒疫病的病情指数较对照组显著降低,盆栽防效达69.16%;经菌株GAQ1处理辣椒后可诱导相关抗性基因PR1、WRKY40、WRKY53、ACCO和GST的相对表达量出现不同程度的升高,说明菌株GAQ1可诱导辣椒植株产生不同程度的防御系统应答。菌株GAQ1对辣椒具有良好的促生效果,处理后第5周其株高、株重及根重分别较对照组提高10.11%、33.23%和24.72%,其叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素的含量分... 相似文献
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James E. Rookes David M. Cahill 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(1):83-94
Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0 was transformed with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under control of a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) promoter. PAL is a key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway and is induced to high levels during plant stress. Constitutive expression of PAL1 promoter-controlled GFP occurred in vascular tissues within stems, leaves and roots and in developing flowers. PAL1 promoter–GFP expression was examined in leaves of transgenic plants subjected to an abiotic elicitor, mechanical wounding or to inoculation with the pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato or Peronospora parasitica. Wounding of leaves and treatment with an abiotic elicitor and compatible interactions produced low to moderate levels of GFP. However, in incompatible interactions there were high levels of GFP produced. In incompatible interactions, the intensity of GFP fluorescence was similar to that produced in transgenic plants expressing GFP driven by the CaMV promoter. The bright green fluorescence produced in live cells and tissues was readily visualised using conventional fluorescence microscopy and was quantified using spectroflourometry. This is the first report of the use of GFP as a reporter of defence gene activation against pathogens. It has several advantages over other reporter genes including real time analysis of gene expression and visualisation of defence gene activation in a non-invasive manner. 相似文献
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为研究稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae不同菌株间的相互作用,选择与单抗性基因系水稻IRBL5-M （携带抗性基因Pi5）表现为亲和性的菌株HN52与非亲和性的菌株HN119为研究对象,将其单独或混合接种到单抗性基因系水稻IRBL5-M中,并通过荧光显微镜观察接种后水稻叶鞘的发病情况及病斑面积,测定接种后水稻内相关抗性基因OsWRKY45、OsNPR1、OsPR10、OsMAPK2的表达量以及活性氧的变化。结果显示,相较于单独接种亲和性菌株,混合接种后单抗性基因系水稻IRBL5-M病斑发病面积减少;混合接种中亲和性菌株HN52菌丝侵染能力降低,侵染菌丝细胞间扩展率显著降低73.13%;同时单抗性基因系水稻IRBL5-M中OsWRKY45、OsNPR1、OsPR10和OsMAPK2抗性基因表达量显著增加,水稻叶片中活性氧含量增加,表明在菌株混合侵染过程中,非亲和性菌株可通过激发水稻的抗性反应来降低亲和性菌株对水稻的侵染程度。 相似文献
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《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》1999,54(5-6):155-169
Lipoxygenase activity and protein, production of lipid-derived volatiles, and lipid peroxidation levels were determined in pepper (Capsicum annuum L., cv. Early Calwonder-10R) leaves during the hypersensitive reaction induced by avirulent race 2 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Lipoxygenase activity increased during the collapse phase of the hypersensitive reaction (8 to 12 h after inoculation), and an increase in electrolyte leakage occurred. However, Western blot analysis revealed that lipoxygenase proteins decreased during the same period. When only one longitudinal half of a pepper leaf was inoculated with the avirulent bacterium race, a significant increase in lipoxygenase activity was observed in both inoculated and noninoculated leaf halves, 10 h after inoculation. In addition, lipoxygenase protein decreased in inoculated leaf halves, but remained unchanged in noninoculated ones. The evolution of some volatile compounds derived from the lipoxygenase pathway [(E,E)-2,4-hexadienal, 1-hexanol, 3-hexen-1-ol, 2,4-hexadienal and 2,4-eptadienal] and carotenoid degradation (α- and β-ionone) increased in the incompatible interaction during the collapse phase of the hypersensitive reaction. The level of the oxidative index (A235/A205) of leaf lipid extracts, determined to estimate lipid peroxidation, significantly increased in the advanced stage of the hypersensitive reaction. Furthermore, determination of the oxidative index in neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid fractions showed that the oxidative index was significantly increased only in the glycolipid fraction. Lipoxygenase activity and protein, electrolyte leakage, volatiles and lipid peroxidation were not changed in pepper leaves inoculated with the virulent race 1 of X. campestris pv.vesicatoria during the time interval considered (2–12 h after inoculations). The hypothesis that a lipoxygenase with chloroplastic location is induced in the incompatible interaction, and which is responsible for the increase in lipid peroxidation is advanced. 相似文献
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Noelia I. Ferrusquía-Jiménez Luz M. Serrano-Jamaica Joel E. Martínez-Camacho Diana Sáenz de la O Ana L. Villagomez-Aranda Mario M. González-Chavira Brenda Z. Guerrero-Aguilar Irineo Torres-Pacheco Ana A. Feregrino-Pérez Gabriela Medina-Ramos Ramón G. Guevara-González 《Plant pathology》2022,71(5):1066-1075
Phytophthora capsici is a highly destructive pathogen of crops. Although chemical pesticides are the most widely used strategy to counter phytopathogens, they have been inefficient to combat P. capsici and have produced significant environmental and health problems. Therefore, sustainable alternatives to control soilborne pathogens, such as the inhibitory effect of self-extracellular DNA (eDNA), have been proposed. This inhibition phenomenon has been attributed to the action of self-eDNA as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Here, we describe the effect of self-eDNA on P. capsici zoospore germination rate, antioxidant enzymes activity and MAPK gene expression. Also, the effect of P. capsici eDNA on the protection of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants against P. capsici was investigated. The results highlight that P. capsici can sense 2–500 µg/ml self-eDNA and induce stress-related responses like SAK1 gene expression, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Moreover, in vitro zoospore germination rate was suppressed with self-eDNA concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 µg/ml. Interestingly, drench applications of P. capsici eDNA at 60 and 100 µg/ml on chilli pepper plants did not show any protective effect against the phytopathogen, whereas 2 µg/ml of P. capsici eDNA drench application showed a lower percentage of plants with symptoms and lower disease severity. Moreover, phenols and total flavonoids were increased in chilli pepper plants, therefore inducing plant immunity. This study showed that self-eDNA acts as a DAMP in P. capsici and provides insight into the use of eDNA for the protection of crops of agronomic interest. 相似文献
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水稻和稻瘟病菌互作中的信号传导及防御反应基因诱导表达的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
水稻和稻瘟病菌互作是研究植物与病原菌互作的模式体系。本文利用3个水稻抗稻瘟病近等基因品系(CO39、C101LAC和C101A51)和2个特异性菌株(M209和M210)构成不同亲和程度的互作关系,研究了稻瘟病菌对3个水稻信号传导途径关键酶合成基因、5个防御反应病程相关蛋白基因和1个防御反应转录因子调控基因诱导表达的作用。结果表明:稻瘟病菌诱导了各种互作关系中水稻OsLOX、OsAOS和OsPAL酶合成基因的表达,水稻启动了茉莉酸和水杨酸防御反应信号传导途径。在不亲和的互作反应中,稻瘟病菌能不同程度地诱导水稻OsPR1a、OsPR2、OsPR3-1、OsPR3-2和OsPR4基因的表达,从而有效激活了防御反应系统,使水稻植株表现为抗病;而在亲和的互作反应中,多数OsPR基因的表达水平低、时间短或没有表达,水稻植株表现为感病。OsMyb基因在各种互作关系中有不同的诱导表达。说明这些防御相关基因的诱导表达可能与水稻抗稻瘟病性相关。 相似文献
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《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,70(4-6):131-139
Disease resistance mediated by the resistance gene Xa21 is developmentally controlled in rice. We examined the relationship between Pathogenesis Related (PR) defense gene expression and Xa21-mediated developmental disease resistance induced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). OsPR1a, OsPR1b, and OsPR1c genes were cloned and their induction was analyzed, in addition to the OsPR10a gene, at the juvenile and adult stages in response to a wildtype Xoo strain that induces a resistance response (incompatible interaction) and an isogenic mutant Xoo strain that does not (compatible interaction). We found that the adult stage leaves are more competent to express these OsPR1 genes and that the Xa21 locus is required for the highest levels of induction. 相似文献
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The glycolipid antibiotic rhamnolipid B isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain B5 was evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity and in vivo control against phytophthora blight and anthracnose under glasshouse conditions. Rhamnolipid B showed antifungal activity against Cercospora kikuchii, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Magnaporthe grisea and Phytophthora capsici. Microscopic observation revealed that the high level of antifungal activity (10 µg ml −1) against P capsici was mainly due to a lytic effect on zoospores. Zoospore lysis began in the presence of 10 µg ml −1 of rhamnolipid B and most of the zoospores were collapsed at 25 µg ml −1. Rhamnolipid B showed inhibitory activity against the germination of zoospores and hyphal growth of P capsici at concentrations of 50 µg ml −1. Spore germination of the anthracnose plant pathogen C orbiculare was also inhibited in the presence of 50 µg ml −1 of rhamnolipid B, although hyphal growth was not affected at this concentration. In the glasshouse, the efficacy of rhamnolipid B against phytophthora blight was similar to that of metalaxyl on pepper plants when treated just before inoculation with P capsici. Treatment with either at 500 µg ml −1 completely protected pepper plants from phytophthora blight. Rhamnolipid B also suppressed the development of C orbiculare infection on leaves of cucumber plants. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献