外源激素处理供体奶牛活体采卵生产胚胎的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

江明生  梁兴伟  梁嫒嫒  张明  韦英明  蒋如明  卢克焕 《广西农业生物科学》2005,24(4):295-298

选择6头3～6岁健康荷斯坦、空怀母奶牛随机分为3组,每组2头,分别用外源激素孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）、促卵泡素（FSH）、空白对照处理供体奶牛,4 d后应用B型超声波导引采卵, 以研究外源激素对活体采卵效率和体外生产胚胎的影响.试验结果表明：FSH组每头次平均可采卵泡12.07个,获可用卵母细胞5.57枚,与PMSG组比较差异显著（P＜0.05）,与对照比较差异极显著（P＜0.01）;PMSG组每头次平均可采卵泡为6.63个,获可用卵母细胞数2.96枚,与对照组比较差异不显著（P＞0.05）;各组活体采集的卵母细胞体外受精分裂率、囊胚率也无显著差异.表明可用外源激素处理供体奶牛活体采卵生产胚胎,但以FSH处理效果较好.  相似文献   

波尔山羊胚胎移植技术的研究与应用   总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32  

高志敏  雷安民  窦忠英  樊敬庄  张万民  魏志杰  王改兰  尹海科  尹万林  王忠林  何朝林  马栓林 《农业生物技术学报》2001,9(2):167-170,T001

分三批使用阴道栓+FSH超数排卵供体波尔山羊13只.在放入阴道栓的第8～10天,连续3天递减量肌肉注射FSH(澳大利亚)320mg.9只供体羊发情、配种、采胚(有效率69.23%,9/13),平均采胚数18.11±5.18枚,其中可用胚平均数15.44±6.31枚(可用胚率85.28%,139/163).将139枚7日龄可用胚移植受体关中奶山羊89只,妊娠50只,妊娠率56.18%.其中鲜胚移植妊娠率61.11%(44/72),冻胚移植妊娠率41.67%(5/12),二分割胚移植妊娠率20%(1/5).50只妊娠受体羊共产羔68只,每只供体羊平均获羔羊7.56只.供体羊采胚后,平均39.9d发情,配种,全部妊娠产羔,平均产羔2只.胚胎移植羔羊性别、初生重、发病率和波尔山羊自繁羔羊无显著差异(P＞0.05).  相似文献   

不同激素对高产荷斯坦奶牛超排效果的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韦英明  韦精卫  蒋和生  蒋如明  孟凡丽  成俊萍 《广西农业生物科学》2005,24(3):191-195

比较不同激素对高产荷斯坦奶牛超数排卵效果的影响,结果发现:供试的3种促卵泡素(FSH)制剂中,加拿大生产的制剂(FOLLTROP IN-V)超排效果比中国科学院动物研究所、澳大利亚生产的FSH好,可用胚胎比率达94.2%,平均每头可用胚胎数达9.84±4.76枚;加拿大生产的FSH(FOLLTROP IN-V)进行荷斯坦奶牛超排处理效果好于美国S igm a公司生产的孕马血清(PM SG)(可用胚胎数,9.06±2.78枚/头vs 4.54±2.12枚/头);超排母牛授精后注射促排卵素3号(LHRH-A 3),Ⅰ级胚胎比率可达57.3%,明显高于促黄体素(LH)、绒膜促性腺激素(HCG)两组(Ⅰ级胚胎分别为17.4%和19.3%),表明LHRH-A 3可提高胚胎质量。  相似文献   

电脉冲对体内体外成熟的兔卵母细胞核移植的影响     

李雪峰  吴光明  谭丽玲  谭世俭  卢克焕 《广西农业生物科学》1992,(2)

本研究探讨了不同电激次数对体内成熟的兔卵母细胞核移植胚卵裂的影响,以及用体外成熟的兔卵母细胞作核移植受体卵的可能性。将16～32细胞期胚胎的单个卵裂球显微注入体内成熟去核卵母细胞卯周隙内,419枚移核卵中有371枚存活(89%),用160 V,40 μs 两次电脉冲(间隔18)电激诱导融合,融合率91%(299/327)。融合胚在含细胞松驰素 B 的 PBS 内培养1 h 后分为两组:(1)直接转移到 TCM-199+10%FCS 内培养;(2)用160.V,40μs 电脉冲电激一次后培养。18 h 后(1)组卵裂率仅为18%(20/110)比(2)组76%(86/112)明显低(P<0.01),表明融合后的胚胎再增加一次电激对激  相似文献   

电脉冲激活对体外成熟猪卵母细胞卵裂率和囊胚率的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

田见晖  刘国世  曾申明  朱士恩  蔡元  刘焕营  张忠诚  吴常信 《农业生物技术学报》2004,12(4):401-407

探索了电脉冲结合细胞松驰素B(CB)、放线菌酮(CHX)以及6-二甲基嘌呤(DMAP)等化学物质,对猪卵母细胞激活后发育的影响.在电脉冲激活时,0.6 kV/cm和1.3 kY/cm,80μs,1次电激活后,(1)用2 mmol/LDMAP处理6 h的卵裂率分别为(60.39±6.71)%和(60.35±8.95)%,差异不显著(P＞0.05),囊胚率分别为(9.51±5.93)%和(14.53±3.38)%,差异显著(P＜0.05);(2)用7.5μg/mL CB+10μg/mL CHX处理6 h的孤雌胚,卵裂率[(1.82±10.76)%vs(58.50±8.33%)]和囊胚率(8.91±4.37)%vs(14.53±3.38)%]均存在显著差异(P＜0.05).卵母细胞经1.3 kV/cm、80μs和单次电脉冲激活后,分别用7.5μg/mL CB、10μg/mL CHX、2 mmol/L DMAP、7.5μg/mL CB+10μg/mLCHX和7.5μg/mLCB+2 mmol/LDMAP处理2～8 h,结果表明CB处理4 h,CHX、CB+CHX和CB+DMAP处理6 h,DMAP处理8 h的卵裂率和囊胚率高于其它时间处理组.在电脉冲/CB、CHX、DMAP、CB+CHX和CB+DMAP 5种激活方法中,CB+CHX和CB+PMAP的卵裂率和囊胚率分别为(78.46±8.46)%、(33.13±7.84)%和(75.84±10.61)%、(39.12±7.15)%,囊胚率显著高于其它各组(P＜0.05).  相似文献   

利用自制简易采卵器采集牛卵子并体外受精生产胚胎的初步报道   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

卢晟盛  蒋如明  韦英明  谭世俭  石德顺  卢克焕 《广西农业生物科学》1999,18(3):209-212

本研究利用自制的简易牛活体采卵器盲采了8头次母乳牛,共收集到12枚卵子,其中10枚卵子卵质致密均匀、卵丘细胞2－3层,1枚卵子的卵丘细胞稍微扩散,1枚卵子卵质不致密均匀、无卵丘细胞,质量好的卵子比率为83．3％（10／12）,卵子回收数为1．5枚／头／次（12／8）。9枚卵子经体外受精后卵裂率77．8%(7/9);发育形成可移植的桑椹胚和囊胚总数为3个,占总卵母细胞数的比例为33．3％（3／9）,占卵裂数的比例为42．9％（3／7）,囊胚孵化率为50％91／2）。说明了在资金缺乏的国内条件下,可以自制简易、廉价的牛活体采卵器采集具有良好发育潜力牛卵子,通过体外受精技术生产具有遗传价值的牛胚胎,用于商业用途。  相似文献   

OPS法玻璃化冷冻牛卵母细胞和囊胚   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13  

谭世俭  Henrik Callesen 《广西农业生物科学》2002,21(1):3-7

本文报道了利用拉细开口型细管 (Open Pulled Straw,OPS)方法进行玻璃化冷冻保存体外成熟(IVM)的牛卵母细胞及体外生产 (IVP)的牛囊胚的实验结果。实验 1的牛卵母细胞冷冻处理分 2组 ,组 1(G1 )是将卵母细胞在 IVM2 1 h时去除部分卵丘细胞后马上进行冷冻处理。组 2 (G2 )卵母细胞在 IVM6h时去除部分卵丘细胞 ,然后继续培养至 2 2 h冷冻 ;冷冻后的卵母细胞在液氮中保存 0 .5～ 2 h后解冻再继续 IVM1 h后与正常 IVM2 4h的对照组卵母细胞一起进行体外受精 (IVF)处理。实验 2则冷冻了来自IVP的 6、 7日龄的牛囊胚。结果显示 ,G1的卵母细胞 IVF后 8d的囊胚率 (2 2 .8% ,2 6/1 1 4)和孵化囊胚率 (1 4.9% ,1 7/1 1 4)都极显著地高于 G2 (分别为 2 .9% ,5 /1 71和 0 .5 % ,1 /1 71 ,P<0 .0 0 1 ) ;但两处理组的受精卵裂率差别不大 (分别为 48.2 %和 41 .5 % ,P>0 .3 )。冷冻第 6d和第 7d的体外囊胚 ,其冻后存活率和囊胚孵化率分别为 92 .7%、 89.2 %和 83 .6%、 66.7%。结果表明 ,利用 OPS法玻璃化冷冻经体外培养成熟的牛卵母细胞及体外生产的牛囊胚均能获得良好的效果  相似文献   

牛去透明带卵体细胞核移植技术的应用研究   总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3  

谭世俭  QIAN Ling-mei  石德顺 《广西农业生物科学》2003,22(3):201-206

本研究通过进一步完善和简化“去透明带双半卵体细胞克隆牛技术”，探讨了生产应用的可能性。结果表明：(1)在卵母细胞体外成熟发育的特定阶段(17～20h间)采用分期分批显微盲吸法去核，去核率可高达95％以上；(2)一次同时将2枚去核后的半卵和1枚供核体细胞粘合在一起，可大大提高电击融合效率；(3)克隆重构胚在DMAP中激活时间从4h延长至16h仍有较高的卵裂率和囊胚率；(4)利用OPS法玻璃化冷冻保存牛体细胞克隆胚胎，解冻后胚胎可用率极显著地高于常规慢速冷冻法；(5)利用改进后的体细胞核移植程序工厂化批量生产牛体细胞克隆胚胎，获得88．2％(2575／2920)卵裂率、41．6％(1215／2920)囊胚率、75．4％(916／1215)冻胚率，冷冻胚胎移植后30d妊娠率为28．1％(48／171)。结果说明，本研究的牛去透明带双半卵体细胞核移植技术已可达到克隆胚胎批量生产应用的水平。  相似文献   

季节对体外成熟卵母细胞的发育能力的影响     

张坤  张运海  马育芳  潘登科  卫恒习  王少华  李燕  戴蕴平  李宁 《广西农业生物科学》2006,25(Z1):178-179

猪的卵母细胞对外界环境非常敏感,造成猪的胚胎学相关研究是家畜繁殖学研究领域中最困难的方面之一。猪卵脆弱的主要原因是其胞质中含有大量的脂肪滴,但目前其具体生物学功能还不清楚。众所周知,猪的繁殖表现和环境密切相关,例如,温度、湿度、光照等。本研究目的是描述季节的变化对体外成熟卵母细胞发育能力的影响。连续两年从当地屠宰场获取初情期前猪卵巢,抽取猪卵丘卵母细胞复合体,并在不含BSA的NCSU-23(添加10 ng/mL EGF,10 ng/mL leptin,0.57 mm o l/L cysteine,10 IU/mL PM SG和10 IU/mL hCG)中培养44 h,然后用透明质酸酶脱去卵丘。部分卵母细胞经过电击进行孤雌激活,部分卵母细胞用来进行体细胞核移植。对于猪体细胞核移植,使用长白猪胎儿成纤维细胞做为核供体,上述脱去卵丘的卵母细胞作为胞质供体。克隆胚和孤雌胚在添加4 m g/mL的BSA液滴中培养,第2天和第6天分别计算卵裂和囊胚率(D 0:融合或激活的当天)。其中每个实验至少重复3次,所有实验都经过SPSS(13.0)统计分析。比较了不同季节每对卵巢获得A级卵(外包3层以上致密的卵丘细胞并且卵胞质均匀的卵母细胞为A级卵)和B级卵(外包2~3层卵丘细胞并且胞质均匀的卵母细胞为B级卵)的数量以及卵母细胞核成熟的比例(实验1),统计分析了不同季节孤雌(实验2)和核移植(实验3)胚胎发育能力的差异。实验1中发现春季(3~5月)COC s/ovary pairs的比例最高[7.6±3.5(春)vs 6.4±3.3(夏),6.7±2.9(秋),6.7±3.4(冬),P<0.05]。然而,没有发现卵母细胞的MⅡ百分比有显著性差异[75.3%±3.3%(春),73.5%±2.3%(夏),73.0%±4.2%(秋),76.5%±6.7%(冬),P<0.05]。实验2中观察到夏季孤雌胚胎的囊胚率显著性降低[10.2%±2.7%(春)vs 27.2%±3.5%(夏),24.2%±3.2%(秋),22.3%±3.4%(冬),P<0.05]。实验3,猪体细胞克隆胚胎在春季囊胚率获得提高[12.2%±1.3%(春)vs 10.3±1.1%(秋),8.1±1.4%(冬),P<0.05]。以上结果表明,季节变化影响体外成熟卵母细胞的发育能力。  相似文献   

6－二甲氨基嘌呤对牛卵母细胞孤雌发育的影响   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

石德顺  杨素芳  谭世俭 《广西农业生物科学》2001,20(1):1-5

本研究系统探讨了 6-二甲氨基嘌呤 ( DMAP)对牛卵母细胞孤雌发育的影响。牛卵母细胞体外成熟 2 4 ,2 6,2 8或 30 h后 ,先用含 7%乙醇的培养液激活处理 5min,然后在含 2 mmol/L DMAP的培养液中培养 3h,或直接在培养液中进行培养。结果发现 ,经 2 mmol/L DMAP培养处理 3h的卵母细胞的激活分裂率和囊胚发育率均明显高于未处理的卵母细胞 ,特别是对于体外成熟 2 4 h和 2 6h的卵母细胞差异更为显著。如若在 DMAP处理的基础上同时加入 5μg/m L的细胞松驰素 ( CB) ,卵母细胞激活后的囊胚发育率则得到进一步提高 ( 48.7%比 37.5% )。研究结果表明 ,DMAP和 CB对卵母细胞激活后的孤雌发育有促进作用 ,并能降低卵龄所引起的激活效果差异  相似文献   

Effects of Alkali Debranning,Roller Mill Cracking and Gap Setting,and Alkali Steeping Conditions on Milling Yields from a Dent Corn Hybrid     

P. Yang  L. Du  D. L. Wang  B. H. Li  K. D. Rausch  P. Buriak  S. R. Eckhoff 《Cereal Chemistry》2000,77(2):128-132

Starch yield was significantly affected by all three main unit operations in alkali wet‐milling (debranning, roller milling, and steeping). The conditions for the three unit operations were studied using a single hybrid. Studies on debranning showed that optimal separation between pericarp and corn endosperm was obtained when corn was soaked in a 1.5–2% NaOH solution at 85°C for 5 min. Passing debranned corn through smooth roller mill once or twice did not affect the product yields, but passing the corn through the roller mill three times decreased the germ yield because of a large amount of broken germ. A 62% higher processing rate could be achieved when passing corn through the mill twice than by passing it through the mill once. The gap should be set at 2.0 mm when passing corn through the mill once, and it should be set at 3.5 mm for the first pass and 2.0 mm for the second pass when passing corn through the mill twice. Starch yield was more sensitive to NaOH concentration and steep temperature than to steep time. The highest starch yield was obtained when steeping corn in 0.5% NaOH for 1 hr at 45°C.  相似文献   

In vitro effect of malathion and endosulfan on the LH-induced oocyte maturation in the common CARP,Cyprinus carpio (L.)     

S. Haider  R. Moses Inbaraj 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1988,39(1-2):27-31

Effect of malathion (organophosphorus insecticide) and endosulfan (organochlorine insecticide) on in vitro LH-induced oocyte maturation was investigated in the oocytes of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. In control incubation, LH at the concentration of 10 μg mL^?1 induced 41.2 ± 1.6% of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). When the oocytes were incubated with malathion at the concentrations of 1000, 500, 100, and 50 ppb together with LH it could induce only 13.4 ± 0.4, 14.0 ± 1.0, 12.9 ± 3.5, and 18.1 ± 3.9% of GVBD, respectively. Similarly, when the oocytes were incubated with endosulfan at the concentrations of 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 ppb together with LH, it induced only 12.8 ± 1.6, 8.8 ± 1.2, 20.9 ± 2.1 and 26.0 ± 2.2% of GVBD, respectively. The significance of the result obtained were discussed on the basis of available literature.  相似文献   

Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide Levels Monitored in an Urban Area (Ciudad Real) in central-southern Spain     

Pilar Martin  Beatriz Cabañas  Florentina Villanueva  Maria Paz Gallego  Inmaculada Colmenar  Sagrario Salgado 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,208(1-4):305-316

This work describes the evolution of NO₂ and O₃ levels from January to December of 2007, covering the four seasonal periods in the urban air of Ciudad Real in the central-southern Spain. The measurements were carried out by means of passive samplers (Radiello® samplers). Eleven samples were collected weekly, placed at different monitoring site locations. The data indicate that the mean levels obtained during this period for O₃ and NO₂ were 38.5?±?3.5 and 20.8?±?3.8 μg/m³, respectively. These measurements were compared with other studies in Ciudad Real. Meteorological conditions (temperature, pressure, humidity relative, wind speed and direction) were also investigated.  相似文献   

Effect of different tillage systems on soil properties and wheat yield in Middle Anatolia     

K. arman 《Soil & Tillage Research》1997,40(3-4):201-207

Field experiments were conducted on a clay soil in entisol to determine the effect of different tillage tools on soil properties, emergence rate index and yield of wheat in Middle Anatolia. There were four different tillage treatments: mouldboard ploughing followed by disc harrowing twice; rotary tillage twice; stubble cultivator followed by a disc harrowing; heavy globe disc twice. The smallest aggregate mean weight diameters and surface roughness were produced by rotary tillage. Decreasing mean weight diameter decreased the surface roughness. There was a significant (P < 0.01) effect of the four different tillage systems on moisture content, bulk density, penetration resistance, aggregate mean weight diameter and surface roughness. Tillage systems had a significant effect on emergence rate and yield of wheat. Emergence rate index and yield of wheat varied from 15.24 to 18.88 and from 3065 kg ha⁻¹ to 4265 kg ha⁻¹, respectively. The greatest emergence rate index and yield were obtained with stubble cultivator followed by disc harrowing treatment.  相似文献   

氮肥运筹对南方双季晚粳稻产量及品质的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

成臣  曾勇军  王祺  谭雪明  商庆银  曾研华  石庆华  金霄 《植物营养与肥料学报》2018,24(5):1386-1395

【目的】 近年来“籼改粳”是我国南方双季稻区水稻产量及品质提高的有效措施之一,但何种氮肥运筹能使籼粳杂交稻在晚稻季中同步达到高产和优质目前还不清楚,需要进一步研究。 【方法】 2016—2017年,选用籼粳杂交稻甬优1538为晚稻材料,在总纯氮量255 kg/hm2条件下,设置基蘖穗肥比分别为6∶2∶2 (A)、4∶2∶4 (B)、2∶2∶6 (C) 三种氮肥运筹的比例 (穗肥于倒3叶期一次性施用),并在基肥和分蘖肥分别占总施氮量40%和20%下,设置穗肥于倒4叶、倒2叶期两次均施 (B₁) 和基蘖穗粒肥比为4∶2∶2∶2 (B₂)。收获后,调查分析了晚粳稻产量和品质。 【结果】 与B处理相比,A和C处理产量分别降低1.9%～4.8%和4.9%～16.8%,而B₁和B₂处理产量分别增加1.2%～3.2%和3.8%～12.5%。B、B₁和B₂处理总干物质量均显著高于A和C处理 (P < 0.05),特别是在抽穗–成熟期阶段干物质量的积累优势突出,而B ₁处理高效叶及有效叶的叶面积指数大和B₂处理灌浆结实期剑叶SPAD值高分别是二者在灌浆结实期干物质生产能力强的主要原因。随着基肥比例的降低,加工品质、蒸煮与食味品质和营养品质变优,但外观品质和RVA谱变劣。此外,同一基蘖肥施用比例下,稻米加工品质和蒸煮与食味品质表现为B₂ < B ₁ < B,外观品质和RVA谱特征值表现相反的变化规律,而营养品质表现为B ₂ > B > B ₁。 【结论】 在本试验条件下,采用基蘖穗粒肥比为4∶2∶2∶2的氮肥运筹晚粳稻产量表现最好,采用基蘖穗肥比为4∶2∶4时可兼顾水稻高产和优质,其中穗肥二次均施的氮肥运筹表现优于穗肥一次施用。   相似文献   

诱导幼羔卵泡发育及体外胚胎生产   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

陈晓勇  田树军  桑润滋  孙树春  赵驻军  李俊杰  敦伟涛 《农业生物技术学报》2008,16(3)

本文研究了羔羊年龄、运输应激和重复超排对幼羔所获卵母细胞数量的影响,胚胎发育液中添加EDTA对幼羔体外胚胎发育能力的影响。结果表明：6～8周龄组幼羔超排的只均获卵数和可用卵数（60.8枚和58.2枚）显著高于12～14周龄组（27.3枚和26.0枚）（P<0.05）;运输应激不影响幼羔超排所获卵母细胞数量（P>0.05）,但重复幼羔超排会显著降低所获卵母细胞数量（P<0.05）。在胚胎发育液中加入10μmol EDTA可显著提高幼羔体外早期胚胎的发育能力（P<0.05）,并且将部分体外胚胎移植后成功产下健康后代。  相似文献   

氮肥分次施用比例对春玉米光合速率及产量的影响   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

李二珍  靳存旺  闫洪  刘娟  王婧 《中国土壤与肥料》2017,(5):12-16

为了探索河套灌区春玉米氮肥适宜分次施用比例,依照测土配方施肥技术原理,在全生育期施N 171kg/hm~2条件下,研究了播种前(基施)、拔节期、大喇叭口期分次施氮比例对春玉米光合速率、地上部干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,春玉米生育期内二次施氮可显著提高光合速率和产量;除基施外,最佳追肥时期为大喇叭口期。其中,氮肥基施和在大喇叭口期追肥比例为1∶2时春玉米可获得最高产量(13.42 t/hm~2),其光合速率最高值比同时期对照处理提高了34.11%,成熟期地上部干物质量比对照处理提高了31.47%,产量、穗粒数、千粒重也分别比对照处理提高了28.03%、15.84%、22.48%。综合考虑光合速率、地上部干物质量及产量,推荐河套灌区春玉米合理氮肥运筹方式为:基施氮肥57 kg/hm~2,大喇叭口期追施氮肥114 kg/hm~2。  相似文献   

Dry Matter and Nutrient Partitioning of Selected Pineapple Cultivars Grown on Mineral and Tropical Peat Soils     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(21-22):3263-3280

The pineapple cultivars ‘Moris’ (Queen cultivar), ‘N‐36’ (‘Sarawak’ × ‘Gandul’ hybrid), ‘Gandul’ (Singapore Spanish cultivars), and ‘Josapine’ (‘Singapore Spanish’ × ‘Smooth Cayenne’ hybrid) are mostly grown on peat soils in Malaysia, whereas ‘Sarawak’ (‘Smooth Cayenne’ cultivar) is more commonly grown on mineral soils. To obtain good yields of fruit of high quality, it is important to understand the differences in nutrient requirements for these cultivars in the different soils in which they are grown. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to determine the biomass and nutrient partitioning of the different pineapple cultivars and to determine the plant variables affecting fruit yield and quality. Plants of each of the pineapple cultivars were randomly sampled from different locations of the major pineapple‐growing areas in Malaysia. Only plants having A‐grade fruit of marketable quality at harvest were selected. The cultivars and respective field sites were as follows: ‘Sarawak,’ Bukit Tandak farm, Kelantan (5° 55.274′ N, 102° 00.608′ E); ‘Moris,’ ‘N‐36,’ and ‘Gandul,’ Peninsula Pineapple Plantations, Simpang Renggam, Johor (1° 49.909′ N, 103° 14.053′ E); and ‘Josapine,’ Goh Swee Eng Pineapple Farm, Simpang Renggam, Johor (1° 48.441′ N, 103° 11.935′ E). Plants were partitioned into roots, stem, leaves, peduncle, fruit, and crown, and fresh and dry weights were recorded. Total biomasses for the different cultivars were 733.46 ± 22.83 g for ‘Gandul,’ 842.34 ± 43.26 g for ‘N‐36,’ 927.38 ± 53.10 g for ‘Moris,’ 434.77 ± 16.82 g for ‘Josapine,’ and 2446.94 ± 156.00 g for ‘Sarawak.’ Leaves accounted for the greatest proportion of dry matter (48.5%), followed by fruit (22.9%) and stem (21.6%), and a smaller proportion (1.2–2.5%) was roots, peduncle, and crown. The proportions of the dry‐matter accumulation in leaves and stem for the cultivars were 53.5 ± 0.7 and 16.7 ± 0.9% for ‘Gandul’; 45.1 ± 0.5 and 17.7 ± 0.7% for ‘N‐36’; 51.9 ± 1.6 and 16.8 ± 0.6% for ‘Moris’; 56.5 ± 1.0 and 12.0 ± 0.9% for ‘Josapine’; and 54.2 ± 5.1 and 27.7 ± 4.4% for ‘Sarawak.’ The proportion of the macro‐ and micronutrients in pineapple parts differed widely between cultivars. Potassium (K) showed the greatest proportion (7.96 ± 0.6 to 29.73 ± 1.17%) in leaves and (4.46 ± 0.70 to 9.35 ± 0.28%) in fruit followed by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) with lower proportions. Most pineapple cultivars grown showed variation in nutrient‐use efficiency (NUE) with respect to the elements measured with values of <1.0 g dry matter g^?1 nutrient. The NUE values of >1.0 g dry matter g^?1 nutrient were observed for magnesium (Mg) in ‘Gandul’ and ‘N‐36’ and for calcium (Ca) and copper (Cu) in ‘N‐36.’ Total nutrient accumulation in the plant components differed approximately according to their cultivar origins (‘Smooth Cayenne,’ ‘Queen,’ ‘Singapore Spanish’). It is interesting that the results for the ‘Singapore Spanish’ × ‘Smooth Cayenne’ hybrid Josapine were more similar to the ‘Singapore Spanish’ cultivars than being between the parents. Partitioning of biomass and nutrients in pineapple provides a means to categorize them and makes it possible to use a cultivar‐based fertilization program.  相似文献   

Freeze‐Thaw Stability of Bualoy Thai Dessert Using Waxy Rice Flour     

Nednapis Vatanasuchart  Payom Attaviboonkul  Boonma Niyomwit  Warunee Varanyanond  Onanong Naivikul 《Cereal Chemistry》2010,87(1):73-78

Frozen food products are gaining acceptance in Thai food industry and frozen bualoy dessert is a good opportunity for marketing in domestic and for exports. One important factor affecting quality of frozen starchy foods is retrogradation of starch gels. Thus freeze‐thaw stability of a frozen bualoy made from total waxy rice flour was studied and compared among the samples modified by 20 and 30% cross‐linked tapioca starch (CTS) derivatized with phosphorylation and 0.25% propylene glycol alginate (PGA). The waxy rice flour was pregelatinized by adding boiled water before shaping as a ball, then boiled and mixed with coconut syrup. All samples were subjected to five freeze‐thaw cycles over 60 days in a conventional freezer (–18°C). Texture analysis firmness and stickiness of the nonfrozen gels substituted with 20% CTS (382 ± 43, 20.5 ± 7.1 g·f) and 30% CTS (493 ± 37, 31.1 ± 7.0 g·f) were significantly different as compared with the control (329 ± 22, 14.8 ± 3.1 g·f). Similar results were observed for the samples continuously frozen for 60 days. The effects of freeze‐thaw stability to the frozen gels of the control, CTS, and PGA substituted samples appeared after two cycles and exhibited a large increase in firmness and stickiness at the fourth cycle. The firmness values obtained from the control and the samples substituted with 20% and 30% CTS were 2,397 ± 197, 2,182 ± 203, and 2,104 ± 200 g·f, respectively. This evidence was also observed with the samples containing PGA, but the effect was slightly less. This might account for the recrystallization of amylopectin molecules induced by freeze‐thawings. With DSC, the waxy rice gels showed a significant increase in the melting enthalpy (2.39 ± 0.23 J/g) at the fifth cycle from the nonfrozen gels (0.11 ± 0.02 J/g). The sensory tests of the bualoys were correlated with textural qualities that were acceptable to the panelists when the freeze‐thawing went no further than the second cycle.  相似文献