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1.
Diagnostic pathology records spanning 41 months (July 1985 through November 1988) were searched for diagnoses of salivary gland disease in dogs and cats. Review of 87,392 records from that period revealed 245 cases (0.3%) in which salivary gland tissue had been evaluated. During that period, salivary gland tissue was submitted to the laboratory almost twice as often from dogs (160 cases) as from cats (85 cases). On the basis of histologic examination, 89% of salivary gland submissions from small animal practices were allotted to 1 of 5 major categories: malignant neoplasms (30%; 74/245), sialadenitis (26%; 64/245), normal salivary gland (16%; 40/245), sialocele (9%; 21/245), and salivary gland infarction (8%; 20/245). The remaining 11% of submissions included various degenerative or fibrotic lesions, ductal ectasia, sialolithiasis, edema, benign neoplasia, and secondary salivary involvement with systemic or cervical lymphosarcoma or with fibrosarcoma in the head and neck.  相似文献   

2.
From 1978 to 1983, 411 bird submissions consisting of 911 birds were received in our laboratory for diagnosis. Filariasis occurred in four submissions (0.97% of total) consisting of four birds (0.44% of total), and microfilariasis was diagnosed in 34 submissions (8.27% of total) consisting of 123 birds (13.5% of total). Adult filariae were found in the abdominal air sacs of two cockatoos and two red lories and identified as Cardiofilaria sp. Although filariasis and microfilariasis in birds are found world-wide, there seems to have been no report made previously in Indonesia.  相似文献   

3.
The data on antimicrobials in bob veal calves obtained by USDA-Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) during the fiscal year 1988 were reviewed. Of 3,095 calf antibiotic and sulfonamide test (CAST)-positive carcass submissions, 967 were chosen by FSIS for antimicrobial residue analyses. Specimens of muscle, liver, and kidney were obtained at abattoirs as a part of the FSIS program, and the results were reviewed by calf submission. At least 1 tissue from each of 425 submissions contained neomycin. Unidentified microbial inhibitors were found in 291 submissions. Streptomycin was found in 86 carcass submissions, penicillin in 81, sulfamethazine in 73, tetracycline HCl in 59, and gentamicin in 53. Other monitored agents were found in less than 50 submissions each. Only 257 submissions included evaluation for sulfonamides, but sulfamethazine was found in 28.4% of them. Chloramphenicol was not detected. Concentrations of neomycin in kidney specimens ranged from 0.25 to greater than 100 ppm, and differed among the 3 regional laboratories (West, Midwest, and East). The western region had the greatest proportion of low-concentration specimens, whereas the midwestern laboratory had the largest proportion of specimens with very high concentrations (greater than or equal to 100 ppm) of neomycin in kidney tissue. Data to identify the sources and causes of the residues were not available. However, the western laboratory evaluated CAST-positive submissions from calves certified to be antimicrobial-free, whereas the other laboratories evaluated submissions from certified and noncertified calves; therefore, this may partially explain regional patterns for neomycin quantities in kidney specimens. Neomycin predominated among CAST-positive verifications. A high prevalence of unidentified microbial inhibitors suggests further identification may be warranted.  相似文献   

4.
Epidemiologic study of canine blastomycosis in Wisconsin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
An epidemiologic study was designed to investigate the increasing number of cases of canine blastomycosis being reported in Wisconsin. From January 1980 through July 1982, 200 cases of canine blastomycosis from 39 Wisconsin counties were examined to assess epidemiologic and environmental aspects of this disease. Based on a survey of 176 dog owners, principal disease characteristics for canine blastomycosis were anorexia, lethargy, shortness of breath, chronic cough, and weight loss. The greatest number of cases of canine blastomycosis was in the northwest, north central, northeast, central, and southeast regions of Wisconsin. The northeast and central regions were determined to be new enzootic areas. Sporting breeds accounted for the largest percentage of cases among the various breeds of dogs in Wisconsin. Most of the affected dogs were 3 years old or younger and there was no apparent sexual predilection. Canine blastomycosis was diagnosed more frequently from late spring through late fall. Enzootic areas, except for the southeast region of Wisconsin, were located where the soil was sandy and acid. The results of this study suggested a possible association of enzootic areas with waterways, especially impoundments.  相似文献   

5.
A study was conducted to evaluate a recently available fluorescent antibody test (FAT) conjugate for the detection of leptospires in tissues of aborted and stillborn horses, to determine the leptospira antibody titers and compare serologic test results with FAT results, and to determine the prevalence of leptospira-induced abortions and stillbirths in the equine population of central Kentucky. From July 1, 1988 through June 30, 1989, 15 (2.5%) of 594 submissions (fetuses, stillborn foals, and/or placentas) were diagnosed as leptospirosis by the FAT (14 of 15 tested) and/or microscopic agglutination test (12 of 14 tested). Of the 12 serologically positive fetal fluids, 10 had high tigers against Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and 2 against serovar grippotyphosa.  相似文献   

6.
A study to determine the prevalence of leptospira-induced abortions in the central Kentucky equine population during the 1990 foaling season and to determine the leptospira serovars responsible was conducted. From July 1, 1989 through June 30, 1990, 32 (4.4%) of 726 submissions (fetuses, stillborn foals, and/or placentas) were diagnosed as leptospirosis by the fluorescent antibody test and/or microscopic agglutination test. Attempts were made to isolate leptospires from the fetal tissues and/or the dam's urine in 31 of these cases. Leptospira interrogans serovar kennewicki was isolated from 11 (35.5%) and serovar grippotyphosa from 2 (6.5%) of the 31 cases. Of 12 cases that were culture negative with serologically positive fetal fluids, 8 had titers against serovar pomona, 1 against bratislava, 1 against grippotyphosa, 1 against hardjo, and 1 against both bratislava and pomona.  相似文献   

7.
Vaccination is an effective strategy used for the protection of food animals against infectious diseases. A 2010 U.S. Department of Agriculture questionnaire examined U.S. catfish industry use (in 2009) of two commercial vaccines that provide protection against enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris disease, catfish producers' opinions regarding the percentage of vaccinated fish they expect to be protected, and producers' general expectations regarding survival of vaccinated fish compared with unvaccinated fish. During 2009, 9.7% of the total fingerling operations used one or both vaccines; 12.3% of the total industry fry production was vaccinated against ESC, and 17.0% was vaccinated against columnaris disease. Of the producers who grew food-sized catfish to harvest, 6.7% used vaccinated catfish. The farms that did not use vaccinated fish for grow out had a mean size of 63.4 water surface hectares (156.6 water surface acres). The operations that used vaccinated fish were larger (mean size = 206.6 water surface hectares, or 510.6 water surface acres). The producers that stocked ESC-vaccinated fish for grow out represented 19.0% of the total water surface area of food fish production; producers that stocked columnaris-vaccinated fish represented 16.6% of the total area. Of the producers that stocked ESC-vaccinated catfish, 41.9% thought that survival was better in vaccinated fish than in unvaccinated fish; of the producers that stocked columnaris-vaccinated catfish, 46.2% thought that vaccinated fish displayed better survival. However, 37.5% of producers that used the ESC vaccine and 39.7% of producers that used the columnaris vaccine did not know whether vaccination improved survival rates. When all producers were asked about their expectations regarding the percentage of vaccinated fish that would be protected from disease, 52.4% responded that they expected 100% of their fish to be protected. More producer information about reasonable expectations regarding vaccine efficacy, the conditions under which immunosuppression and vaccine failure can occur, and assessment of vaccine performance may result in increased use of vaccination as a tool for the catfish industry.  相似文献   

8.
The objective of this study was to describe observations from cases of enteric colibacillosis in the dog. Thirteen cases of canine enteric colibacillosis were diagnosed from routine necropsy submissions to our diagnostic laboratory from 1980 to 1992. In all cases there was a clinical history of gastrointestinal disease associated with histological and bacteriological evidence of either attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection. Of these 13 cases of enteric colibacillosis, 12 were associated with AEEC and one with ETEC. Eight of the 12 AEEC isolates were available for study. They were of various serogroups, non-hemolytic, and negative for the genes coding for fimbrial antigens F4, F5, F6, F41 and F165; enterotoxins STap, STb and LT; and verotoxins VT1 and VT2. These eight isolates were EAE-positive (E. coli attaching and effacing) by colony hybridization; six of these were also EAF-positive (EPEC adherence factor), and six were BFP-positive (bundle-forming pilus). The ETEC isolate was negative for the EAE, EAF and BFP determinants and for the fimbrial antigens tested but was positive for the STap and STb genes. Most of the dogs affected with enteric colibacillosis originated from kennels and pet shops and were aged between 1.5 and 3 months. Coinfection with other enteric pathogens was identified in eight of these 13 cases. This study showed that Escherichia coli should be considered of causal significance when investigating diarrheal disease in dogs, particularly in puppies.  相似文献   

9.
In vitro studies were conducted to assess the sensitivity of Edwardsiella ictaluri, the etiological agent of enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), to the antibacterial drug florfenicol (FFC). Twelve different E. ictaluri isolates from cases submitted between 1994 and 1997 to the Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center fish diagnostic laboratory (Stoneville, MS) were used for testing. These isolates originated from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) infected with E. ictaluri through natural outbreaks of ESC in the commercial catfish ponds in Mississippi. Seven hundred sixty-seven additional cultures of E. ictaluri were obtained from channel catfish infected experimentally with E. ictaluri. In some of these experimental infections, FFC was used for treatment. These cultures of E. ictaluri were identified by morphological and biochemical tests. Kirby-Bauer zones of inhibition (in mm) for FFC against E. ictaluri were determined using standard methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of FFC was determined for the natural outbreak E. ictaluri isolates and arbitrarily selected experimental cultures. The zones of inhibition for FFC tested with E. ictaluri ranged from 31 to 51 mm. The MIC for FFC tested with E. ictaluri was consistently 0.25 microg/ml. Edwardsiella ictaluri tested in these studies were highly sensitive to FFC in vitro.  相似文献   

10.
Introduction/objectivesThe objectives were to conduct a survey of cardiologists on their recent experiences with cats that have dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and to retrospectively review individual cases of feline DCM.Animals, materials and methodsPart one: A survey was distributed to cardiologists with questions regarding caseload and clinical management of cats with DCM diagnosed over the past two years. Part two: Cardiologists completing the survey were invited to submit data from cats recently diagnosed with DCM. Data on signalment, clinical signs, diet, echocardiographic measurements and outcome were recorded.ResultsPart one: From 52 completed surveys, many cardiologists responded that measuring and supplementing taurine and recommending a diet change in cats with DCM are common practices. Few (15%) cardiologists reported an increase in the number of feline DCM cases over the past two years, although some had cases that improved even if taurine deficiency was not present. Part two: Twenty of 37 (54%) cats ate low pea/lentil (low PL) diets, and 14/37 (38%) ate high PL diets at the time of diagnosis; three had incomplete diet information. Two of 13 cats (15%) in which taurine was measured had levels below the reference range. After adjusting for other variables, cats eating high PL diets that changed diets after diagnosis had a significantly longer survival time than that of cats eating high PL diets that did not change diets after diagnosis (P = 0.025).ConclusionsAdditional research is warranted to determine whether there could be a possible association between diet and DCM in cats.  相似文献   

11.
Dairy cattle submissions to the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System (CVDLS) were analyzed to determine submitter statistics. Eligible submissions were those received July 1, 1987 through December 31, 1989 for reasons other than regulatory brucellosis serology. A comprehensive list frame of California dairies was constructed from Brucella Ring Test information and served as the comparison population for the study. Analyses were performed based on geographic location, herd size, proximity to a CVDLS laboratory, and frequency of submission. Thirty-nine percent of the 2,490 California dairies in the reference population had submitted specimens greater than or equal to 1 time to the CVDLS during the study period. Twenty-three percent of the reference population had submitted greater than or equal to 2 times. Specimens were more likely to be submitted from larger herds than smaller herds. Larger dairies also submitted specimens more frequently. Dairies in the northern part of the state were more likely to submit specimens and submitted more frequently than southern herds when herd size was accounted for in the analysis. Mean submission rate (+/- SD) for the 970 submitting dairies was 1.4 (+/- 1.8) submissions/year. Forty-six percent of the dairies accounted for 80% of submissions, whereas only 14% of dairies accounted for 50% of all diagnostic dairy submissions.  相似文献   

12.
AIM: To evaluate the likely reliability of laboratory case submissions in assessing the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in sheep nematodes in New Zealand, and to examine the possible influence of two alternative faecal nematode egg count reduction (FECR) analysis methodologies on such data. METHODS: A comparison was made between the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance determined using faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRTs) conducted on randomly selected sheep farms in a national survey with those derived from similar case material submitted to a veterinary pathology laboratory on a more ad-hoc basis. A comparison was also made between two alternative FECR analysis methodologies using the latter data. One methodology involved a partially differentiated procedure in which FECRs for individual nematode genera were only undertaken in those instances where reductions in total strongylid faecal nematode egg counts (FECs) (excluding Nematodirus) of <95% were recorded. The other was a fully differentiated method where reductions in FECs for individual parasites were undertaken in all cases. RESULTS: Although there were some differences between them the results showed that there were considerable similarities between the prevalence data obtained from both the national survey and laboratory case submissions. This was particularly evident in relation to the overall pattern of involvement of the various nematode genera and the types of anthelmintic concerned. A comparison between laboratory case submission data analysed using a partially differentiated FECR methodology with that of a fully differentiated procedure, however, suggested that the use of the former practice was likely to lead to the 'true' prevalence of resistance being underestimated. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that examination of FECRT case submissions to veterinary laboratories may offer a useful source of information regarding changes in the prevalence of anthelmintic-resistant sheep nematodes in New Zealand. They also lend support to suggestions that the recently completed national survey may have provided a conservative estimate of the prevalence of such resistance.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), a disease of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, was first reported in 1979 based on isolates obtained from 1976 through 1978. Channel catfish that had been preserved in 1970, labeled “nutritional cranial spot,” and stored at the Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center were tested with Gram stains, histology, and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate that the specimens were actually infected by Edwardsiella ictaluri (the causative agent of ESC). A reexamination of catfish disease case records has indicated that ESC might have been present in Arkansas in 1969. Investigation of these old records and specimens has led to insights on the discovery and epidemiology of the disease.  相似文献   

14.
From April to September 1990, submissions in Alberta veterinary diagnostic laboratories for which strychnine analysis was requested were tested retrospectively for roquefortine, a diketopiperazine alkaloidal tremorgenic mycotoxin. Roquefortine was found only in strychnine-negative samples. The specific origins of the fungal-contaminated specimens could not be determined. Of the six roquefortine-positive cases, four dogs that vomited prior to treatment recovered. Two dogs which died had significant amounts of stomach contents present at the time of postmortem.

At the present time only one veterinary laboratory in Canada is routinely testing for roquefortine when samples are negative for strychnine. It appears that a low diagnostic rate for this type of poisoning may be occurring due to incomplete testing. The inability to differentiate between roquefortine and strychnine poisoning on a clinical basis in five of our six cases emphasizes that an accurate causative diagnosis requires laboratory examination.

Research in rats and sheep has shown that the tremorgenic mycotoxins penitrem A and roquefortine are excreted through bile. Although further research is required, the submission of bile and intestinal contents is recommended if stomach contents or vomitus are not available for laboratory testing. Both of these mycotoxins should be tested for when strychnine analysis is negative as fungi may produce both toxins at the same time. In this study we were unsure if roquefortine alone or in combination with other toxins was responsible for our findings.

  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

Enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) was transmitted horizontally from channel catfish Icialurus punctatus that had died from Edwardsiella ictaluri infection to contact channel catfish during 2 d of habitation in a tank. The contact channel catfish became positive for E. ictaluri antibody, became infected with this bacterium, and had signs of ESC and died within 12 d postexposure. Edwardsiella ictaluri was recovered from 24 of the 30 contact channel catfish that died from ESC, as well as from 9 of the 25 tested contact survivors. The cannibalizing of E. ictaluri-infected fish, or the shedding of E. ictaluri from dead fish, or both, were shown to be mechanisms of horizontal transmission of ESC among channel catfish.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate serovar-specific prevalence of leptospirosis by use of veterinary teaching hospital and laboratory submission data; describe annual and seasonal patterns of leptospirosis; and identify risk factors for age, sex, and breed. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 90 dogs with leptospirosis. PROCEDURES: Hospital records of dogs examined at Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a diagnosis of leptospirosis and laboratory records of dogs from which sera were tested for antibodies against Leptospira spp at Purdue University Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory from 1997 through 2002 were reviewed. The likely infecting Leptospira serovar was identified. Seasonal and annual prevalences were calculated by use of hospital population at risk (hospital cases) or serologic testing submissions (diagnostic laboratory cases). Age-, sex-, and breed-specific risk factors for hospital cases were estimated by odds ratios. RESULTS: Of the 39 hospitalized dogs identified, 34 had been serologically tested, and 22 of those were infected with Leptospira kirschneri serovar grippotyphosa. Of the 51 diagnostic laboratory cases, 59% had a reciprocal titer > or = 800 against serovar grippotyphosa. Diagnostic laboratory cases were more common in summer, whereas hospital cases of leptospirosis were more common in fall. Male dogs were at significantly greater risk of leptospirosis than female dogs; and dogs 4 to 6.9 years old were at significantly greater risk than dogs < 1 year old. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: L kirschneri serovar grippotyphosa infection was associated with most cases of leptospirosis in dogs. Use of an effective vaccine that includes this serovar is advisable for dogs at risk of leptospirosis.  相似文献   

17.
AIM: To estimate the distribution and causes of abortion in dairy herds across New Zealand during the 2001/2002 breeding season.

METHODS: A questionnaire survey was sent to all veterinary practices that employed members of the New Zealand Veterinary Association. Veterinarians were requested to record the numbers of dairy herds serviced by their practice in which the rate of aborting cows was zero (0%), low (1–5%) and high (6–10% and >10%), and all laboratory submissions, specimens, tests and results related to their investigation of abortions in these herds, for each category.

RESULTS: Forty-two large animal practices serving 1,431 dairy clients from all except one region in New Zealand responded. The within-herd incidence of abortion was zero in 497 herds (34.7%), low in 876 herds (61.2%), and high in 58 herds (4.1%) in the season 2001/2002. Within the high category, 0.6% herds reported abortions at a frequency as high as may be expected in epidemic abortions (>10%). Compared to other regions, the abortion incidences tended to be relatively high in Northland, Auckland and the Bay of Plenty, and low in Hawke Bay, Waikato and Nelson (p<0.001). Cases were submitted for laboratory investigation from 51/934 (5.5%) herds. Even though submission rates increased with the level of abortion, most submissions originated from herds with a low abortion rate. The main agents identified among submissions as the cause of abortion were Neospora caninum (Nc) (35%) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) (16%). Among 39 submissions from low abortion herds, 33% were suspected due to Nc and 15% to BVDV, and this was not statistically different (p>0.10) from the distribution in 13 submissions from high abortion herds (46% Nc, 23% BVDV). While cases associated with Nc were submitted in April, May and June, submissions for suspected BVDV spread evenly over the months of March to July.

CONCLUSION: In the 2001/2002 season, approximately 4% of dairy herds in New Zealand recorded a relatively high incidence of abortion (>5%) and 0.6% herds experienced an incidence of >10%. BVDV and Nc were the most frequently diagnosed agents associated with abortion, regardless of whether the seasonal incidence of abortion within a herd was low or high.  相似文献   

18.
The causes of abortion in cattle in the San Joaquin Valley of California were surveyed from submissions to the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Tulare. Four hundred sixty-eight abortion cases were examined. Most submissions (89%) were from large drylot dairies, milking an average of 814 cows. Abortion evaluations included necropsy, histopathology, bacteriology, virology, and other immunologic and serologic tests. A specific cause was identified in 29.5% of the abortions. Bacterial infections, most of which were sporadic, accounted for 16% of all abortions. Viral causes and protozoal infections were diagnosed in 5.6% and 3.2% of the abortions, respectively. Fetuses with protozoal infection had histologic lesions of focal nonsuppurative necrotizing encephalitis, and protozoa were detected. Similar histologic lesions were seen in 80 additional fetuses (17.1%), and although an etiologic agent was not identified for these cases, a protozoal infection was suspected.  相似文献   

19.
A serological study was undertaken to determine whether dogs in Ontario are being exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease. This study consisted of a survey of randomly selected dogs and testing of diagnostic submissions from candidate Lyme disease cases. The survey of 1,095 dogs, bled between January 1988 and August 1989, revealed a total of 65 (5.9%) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reactors, of which 22 had immuno-fluorescent antibody assay (IFA) titers ≥1:32. All but one of the IFA-positive and 10 of the ELISA-positive, IFA-negative sera were further tested by western blot. Eight western blot positive and three equivocal reactors were obtained. Three of the eight confirmed reactors had visited areas known to be endemic for Lyme disease, leaving five reactors that might have been infected in previously undocumented areas for B. burgdorferi activity in Ontario. Diagnostic submissions of sera from 223 dogs were received between August 1987 and February 1992. Test results revealed 21 (9.4%) IFA reactors, of which only six had significant titers (≥1:256) and were reactive by an immunodot Borrelia test. All six dogs had travelled to known Lyme endemic areas. Based on results obtained from this study, it seems likely that the agent of Lyme disease is not widespread in Ontario.  相似文献   

20.
Every day, thousands of samples from diverse populations of animals are submitted to veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) for testing. Each VDL has its own laboratory information management system (LIMS), with processes and procedures to capture submission information, perform laboratory tests, define the boundaries of test results (i.e., positive or negative), and report results, in addition to internal business and accounting applications. Enormous quantities of data are accumulated and stored within VDL LIMSs. There is a need for platforms that allow VDLs to exchange and share portions of laboratory data using standardized, reliable, and sustainable information technology processes. Here we report concepts and applications for standardization and aggregation of data from swine submissions to multiple VDLs to detect and monitor porcine enteric coronaviruses by RT-PCR. Oral fluids, feces, and fecal swabs were the specimens submitted most frequently for enteric coronavirus testing. Statistical algorithms were used successfully to scan and monitor the overall and state-specific percentage of positive submissions. Major findings revealed a consistently recurrent seasonal pattern, with the highest percentage of positive submissions detected during December–February for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine deltacoronavirus, and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). After 2014, very few submissions tested positive for TGEV. Monitoring VDL data proactively has the potential to signal and alert stakeholders early of significant changes from expected detection. We demonstrate the importance of, and applications for, data organized and aggregated by using LOINC and SNOMED CTs, as well as the use of customized messaging to allow inter-VDL exchange of information.  相似文献   

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