首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Abstract

Lymphocystis occurred in Indian glassfish Chanda ranga imported to Puerto Rico from Thailand. This is only the second report of lymphocystis in Indian glassfish and in the family Chandidae (or Ambassidae), but the disease appears to have become widespread in this species in the ornamental aquarium fish trade throughout the southeastern USA and the Caribbean. We report the first occurrence of Indian glassfish with lymphocystis in a region where the fish can survive in the wild. Lymphocystis is not known in Puerto Rican fresh-water fishes, and the introduction of this disease should be avoided.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

Although wounds caused by fish spines have been reported to cause disease and mortality in marine mammals, no record of this phenomenon exists for the Caribbean area. We report a case of disease and consequent mortality in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus caused by ingestion of the beak of an agujon Tylosurus acus in Manatí, Puerto Rico. Internal examination of the dolphin revealed that its left lung was necrotic and reduced to one-fourth its normal size and that it had chronic–active pleural inflammation. A 9.1-cm compound bone fragment was found embedded in an abscess in the pleural lining of the left lung. The bone fragment was identified as belonging to the jaws of an agujon, a circumtropical, polytypic species commonly found in the Caribbean Sea. Histopathology revealed chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the lung in addition to granulomatous masses in the pleural space. The cause of death was determined to be chronic lung infection caused by migration of the agujon's beak from the dolphin's esophagus or stomach. No similar cases have been observed in the more than 150 marine mammal strandings documented in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands since 1985. This is the first report of disease and death caused by migration of an agujon beak in a marine mammal.  相似文献   

3.
  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

Several diseases have been encountered in cultured brown-spotted grouper and silvery black porgy in the mariculture facilities of the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research. More than 50% of juvenile brown-spotted grouper cultured in concrete tanks died during an initial outbreak of the protozoan parasite Cryptocaryon irritans. Formalin treatment (35–50 mg/L, 5 h/d, twice a week) was used to control and prevent the disease. Formalin-treated fish experienced several reinfestations by this parasite, but no further deaths occurred. Brown-spotted grouper also suffered from severe eye lesions, including exophthalmia and opaqueness of the cornea. Only 35% of these fish cultured in fiberglass tanks did not have idiopathic lesions. Silvery black porgy cultured in floating cages in the open sea did not show any lesions from July to November 1985 apart from eroded fins, which increased in frequency with increasing stocking densities. However, a disease occurred during the winter of 1986, when the water temperature averaged 14.8°C, and 65% mortality resulted. Vibrio anguillarum, V. ordain, V. carchariae, V. damsela, and three other Vibrio spp. were isolated from diseased silvery black porgy. Deaths associated with broken isthmuses occurred among silvery black porgy cultured in floating cages in August 1987. There was no further incidence of this condition after the addition of vitamin C (500 mg/kg) of feed to the diet.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

Lymphocystis was found in Caitipa mojarras Diapterus rhombeus collected in La Parguera, Puerto Rico. This is the first report of lymphocystis in the family Gerreidae. At four fish-cleaning sites frequently used by local fishers, 55% of the Caitipa mojarras were infected. Lymphocystis was not found in 100 Caitipa mojarras from four nearby locations which were identical except that they lacked fish-cleaning sites. All study sites had high levels of nitrification and petroleum hydrocarbons. Other fish species collected at these sites did not have gross signs of lymphocystis. Additional study is needed to determine if the high prevalence of lymphocystis at fish-cleaning sites is related to discarded fish tissue which could be infected with lymphocystis.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

Observations were made on the feeding and host selection behavior of the aegid isopod Rocinela angustata. Host susceptibility was assessed by placing isopods into laboratory tanks containing 14 common species of Alaska marine fishes. Five species of Sebastes and Blepsias bilobus were attacked within a few minutes of the introduction. Five species—Enophrys bison, Eumicrotremus orbis, Hexagrammos lagocephalus, Pleuronectes asper, and Pholis laeta—were attacked 10–24 h after introduction of the isopods. Three species—Podothecus acipenserinus, Liparis gibbus, and Lycodes brevipes—were not successfully attacked, even when held in isolation with an isopod for 14 d. Starved isopods isolated with B. bilobus attached to fish within 1 h and remained attached 4–14 d. The isopods reattached 1–4 d after detachment. Isopod digestive tracts cleared within 24 h after detachment.  相似文献   

7.
Abstract

Several species of marine fish caught in the wild and of freshwater ornamental fish were used in this study. Infected organs (liver, spleen, and kidney) were sampled for mycobacteria. Decontaminated tissue samples were plated onto selective media for mycobacterial recovery. After initial isolation, fluorescent and acid-fast staining techniques identified bacterial colonies to genus. Profiles of biochemical growth characteristics were used to further identify the isolates to species. Five species of Mycobacterium were identified: M. simiae, M. scrofulaceum, M. marinum, M. chelonae, and M. fortuitum. Of these, M. simiae and M. scrofulaceum have not been previously reported from fish. Tissue samples containing focal granulomatous lesions were prepared for electron microscopic examination.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

A survey of wild fishes captured around marine net-pen salmon farms and from open waters for certain salmonid pathogens was conducted in the coastal waters of British Columbia. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus was detected in Pacific herring Clupea pallasi, shiner perch Cymatogaster aggregata, and threespine sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus was detected in one Pacific herring (collected well away from the farms) and in tube-snouts Aulorhynchus flavidus and shiner perch collected from a farm experiencing an IHN outbreak. Renibacterium salmoninarum was observed in moribund Pacific hakes Merluccius productus collected from within a net-pen and was also detected in several ocean-caught salmon. Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (typical strain) was isolated from a juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, whereas the atypical strain of this organism was isolated from a lingcod Ophiodon elongatus. Loma salmonae (Microsporea) was observed in chinook salmon, chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta, coho salmon O. kisutch, sockeye salmon O. nerka, and pink salmon O. gorbuscha, all of which were captured well away from net-pens. Loma spp. (Microsporea) were observed in the gills of shiner perch, lingcod, Pacific tomcod Microgadus proximus, Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma, and sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria; all but the first species represent new hosts for Loma. Epitheliocystis, caused by a chlamydia-like organism, was detected in the gills of chinook salmon, chum salmon, coho salmon, pink salmon, lingcod, Pacific cod, Pacific hakes, Pacific tomcod, walleye pollock, sablefish, shiner perch, Dover soles Microstomus pacificus, Pacific sanddabs Citharichthys sordidus, and various species of rockfish Sebastes spp., most of which represent new host records for this infection.  相似文献   

9.
Summary

A review is presented of food‐borne parasitic infections. Parasitic infections with public health hazards both from conventional slaughter animals and from seafood (fish and shellfis) are discussed.

The former category includes cysticercosis, echinococcosis, and trichinosis, the latter category covers various trematode, cestode, nematode, and possibly also protozoan infections. Examples of trematode infections are heterophyidiasis, transmitted to man by marine fish, and Paragonimus spp parasites, transmitted by crustaceans. Cestode infections include diphyllobothriasis transmitted by both fresh waterfish and fish from brackish waters. Special attention is drawn to the condition known as sparganosis. Of the nematode infections, the eosinophilic granulomatous enteritis due to the genera A nisakis, Phocanema, and Contracaecum, transmitted to man by either marine fish or crustaceans, is mentioned. Two other nematode infections. Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Capillaria philippinensis, can also be transmitted to man by marine fish.

Free living amoebae (a.o. Naegleria) may be transmitted to man via shellfish as vehicles.

Apart from a possible direct effect of these parasites, chemical alterations in seafood resulting from the presence of parasites may also be deleterious to the consumer.

Special attention is drawn to a newly developed serological detection method, the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which makes detection of infection possible not only at the slaughterhouse but also at the farm or in large herds.

Strategies to control parasitic infections both in conventional slaughter animals and in seafood are discussed.  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

Streptococcus iniae, the etiological agent of streptococcosis in fish, is an important pathogen of cultured and wild fish worldwide. During the last decade outbreaks of streptococcosis have occurred in a wide range of cultured and wild fish in the Americas and Caribbean islands. To gain a better understanding of the epizootiology of S. iniae in the western hemisphere, over 30 S. iniae isolates recovered from different fish species and geographic locations were characterized phenotypically and genetically. Species identities were determined biochemically and confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Repetitive-element palindromic PCR fingerprinting as well as biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles suggest that a single strain of S. iniae was responsible for two different disease outbreaks among reef fishes in the Caribbean, one in 1999 and another in 2008. Interestingly, a majority of the isolates recovered from cultured fish in the Americas were genetically distinct from the Caribbean isolates and exhibited a trend toward higher minimal inhibitory concentration with respect to several antibiotics as well as greater genetic variability. The biological significance of this genetic variability is unclear, but it could have implications for future vaccine development and treatment.

Received April 20, 2014; accepted July 7, 2014  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

Mycobacteriosis is an important bacterial disease of freshwater, brackish-water, and marine fishes. In addition to affecting many species of wild and cultured fish, the aquatic mycobacterial species present a potentially important zoonotic risk to humans. Reduction or elimination of the causative pathogen from an aquarium or aquaculture facility is therefore paramount. This study examined a variety of commercially available disinfectants for their efficacy in reducing or eliminating Mycobacterium marinum. In this study, ethyl alcohol (50% and 70%), benzyl-4-chlorophenol/phenylphenol (1%), and sodium chlorite (mixed as 1:5:1 or 1:18:1 [base : water : activator]) were the most effective disinfectants evaluated; each reduced or eliminated the number of detectable M. marinum within 1 min of contact time. Sodium hypochlorite (50,000 mg/L) was moderately effective but required a minimum contact time of 10 min to reduce bacterial counts. Ethyl alcohol (30%), N-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (1:256; two formulations), and potassium peroxymonosulfate– sodium chloride (1%) did not substantially reduce bacterial counts even after 60 min of contact time.  相似文献   

12.
Human contact with and consumption of fishes presents hazards from a range of bacterial zoonotic infections. Whereas many bacterial pathogens have been presented as fish-borne zoonoses on the basis of epidemiological and phenotypic evidence, genetic identity between fish and human isolates is not frequently examined or does not provide support for transmission between these hosts. In order to accurately assess the zoonotic risk from exposure to fishes in the context of aquaculture, wild fisheries and ornamental aquaria, it is important to critically examine evidence of linkages between bacteria infecting fishes and humans. This article reviews bacteria typically presented as fish-borne zoonoses, and examines the current strength of evidence for this classification. Of bacteria generally described as fish-borne zoonoses, only Mycobacterium spp., Streptococcus iniae, Clostridium botulinum, and Vibrio vulnificus appear to be well-supported as zoonoses in the strict sense. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, while transmissible from fishes to humans, does not cause disease in fishes and is therefore excluded from the list. Some epidemiological and/or molecular linkages have been made between other bacteria infecting both fishes and humans, but more work is needed to elucidate routes of transmission and the identity of these pathogens in their respective hosts at the genomic level.  相似文献   

13.
In this study, we assessed the presence of vector-borne microorganisms in different species of fleas collected from different hosts in diverse areas of South-Western Europe by molecular methods. A total of 319 fleas belonging to eight different species was tested for the presence of eight microorganisms. Wolbachia spp. endosymbionts were detected in Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Archaeopsylla erinacei and Ctenophthalmus baeticus boisseauorum specimens. Rickettsia felis, an emerging pathogen, was detected in C. felis, A. erinacei and Ct. b. boisseauorum. Rickettsia typhi, the agent of murine typhus was detected for the first time in A. erinacei and Mycobacterium spp. were detected for the first time in fleas (C. felis, P. irritans and A. erinacei). Lastly, five different species of Bartonella were detected in fleas’ DNA in this study, including a possible new bacterium belonging to this genus. With this study, we updated the knowledge of the flea-borne bacteria present in the South-West of Europe reinforcing the idea about the necessity to expand and increase the current knowledge on flea-borne pathogens.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

Mycobacterium peregrinum was isolated from multifocal, melanized nodular lesions in the carapace of the cultured marine shrimp Penaeus vannamei. This is the first identification of this species of Mycobacterium in shrimp. The lesions appeared to be the result of opportunistic infections in otherwise healthy animals. The presence of M. peregrinum in cultured shrimp has a direct negative impact on the marketability of shrimp because it causes obvious black lesions. The potential for accidental infections of shrimp farm or packing plant workers from handling infected shrimp is of concern since nodular skin lesions induced by the bacterium are difficult to treat.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

The dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum, which causes amyloodiniosis or “marine velvet disease,” is one of the most serious ectoparasitic diseases affecting warmwater marine fish culture worldwide. We demonstrated that tomato clownfish Amphiprion frenatus can develop strong immunity to infection following repeated nonlethal parasitic challenges. The protective response is long-lived and directed against the trophont stage of the parasite.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

Bothriocephalus acheilognathi is an introduced tapeworm in North America often reported as a serious ecological threat to native fishes. In this paper, we report the first record of B. acheilognathi in the Big Bend region of the Rio Grande in Texas (known as the Río Bravo del Norte in Mexico). Identification of B. acheilognathi was confirmed by morphologic and genetic techniques (sequences of ITS2 and V4-18S rRNA genes). Its prevalence was 27% and its intensity ranged from 1 to 5 individuals in a January 2006 collection of 115 red shiners Cyprinella lutrensis. In addition, it was found in the Tamaulipas shiner Notropis braytoni, a Rio Grande endemic and a new host record. The occurrence of B. acheilognathi might have negative ecological impacts on endemic fishes in the Rio Grande. Several of the fishes that could serve as definitive hosts are of conservation concern. Its occurrence also might affect the success of reintroducing the Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus, which is federally listed as endangered, in this portion of the Rio Grande.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

Phagocytosis of zymosan A particles by hemocytes of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are easily quantified by luminol-augmented chemiluminescence (CL). Antimicrobial defense mechanisms of hemocytes may involve the activity of cytotoxic ROS. The CL response to phagocytosis of zymosan by hemocytes from C. virginica with advanced Perkinsus marinus infections is more elevated than that produced by zymosan in cells from uninfected oysters. This effect is perhaps akin to macrophage activation. Phagocytosis of P. marinus cells by hemocytes withdrawn from uninfected oysters produced no detectable CL response. Hemocytes withdrawn from oysters with P. marinus infections ranging from light to heavy were evaluated for CL responses after phagocytosis of zymosan or P. marinus. Increases in CL stimulation by zymosan were seen as the intensity of infection increased. Despite avid phagocytosis of P. marinus, CL activity of the hemocytes was not seen, regardless of the level of infection of the host. Lack of hemocytic ROS stimulation by ingestion of P. marinus cells may contribute to in vivo survival of this parasite.  相似文献   

18.
There have been few reports on the diversity and prevalence of parasitic fauna of the endangered Siberian tiger, which inhabits the territory of the Russian Far East. The present review attempts to summarize the information about the parasitic fauna of wild Siberian tigers, which includes 15 helminths and 3 protozoan species. The most prevalent parasitic species was found to be Toxocara cati, followed by Toxascaris leonina. Another commonly recorded Platyhelminth species is Paragonimus westermani, which causes a lethal infection of the lung parenchyma in Siberian tigers. However, the information about infections by this fluke in the Siberian tigers is scarce, although P. westermani infections pose a serious health hazard to tiger populations. The nematodes Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Thominx aerophilus are found in Siberian tigers with an occurrence rate of 2.3% and 19%, respectively. The information on the parasitic infestations of captive populations of Siberian tigers is also presented along with the sources of infection and hazards for the wild tiger populations in their natural environment.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes the disease chytridiomycosis in postmetamorphic amphibians, has been linked to amphibian population declines. Different amphibian species, however, exhibit different susceptibility to Bd pathogenicity. At the same time, agricultural pesticides commonly found contaminating aquatic habitats have been reported to increase the susceptibility of amphibians to pathogens. To investigate whether certain pesticides are able to alter the pathogenicity of Bd to larval amphibians, we exposed larval American bullfrogs Lithobates catesbeianus to end-use formulations of the herbicides atrazine or glyphosate, and then exposed them to Bd. Following the experimental exposures, a preexisting infection of the tadpoles by the monogenean ectoparasite Gyrodactylus jennyae was detected in all experimental and control tadpoles. Gyrodactylus jennyae infection intensity varied, and individuals with heavy G. jennyae infections suffered more skin erosion due to grazing by the parasite. Tadpoles experimentally exposed to Bd, or to Bd and either herbicide, had significantly reduced survival rates compared with untreated tadpoles that were only infected by G. jennyae. Increased mortality was also correlated with degree of skin erosion; survival of tadpoles with severe skin erosion was significantly reduced compared with that of tadpoles with no, or mild, skin erosion. While infected with G. jennyae, the group of tadpoles with the lowest survival rate (exposed only to Bd) included significantly more individuals exhibiting severe skin erosion and significantly fewer individuals without skin erosion, compared with the control group. These results emphasize the potential pathogenicity of gyrodactylid infections in larval amphibian hosts and suggest that concomitant exposures to Bd may enhance infections and effects of G. jennyae in bullfrog tadpoles.

Received February 3, 2012; accepted August 10, 2012  相似文献   

20.
  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号