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1.
应用延展X射线吸收精细结构（EXAFS）方法，初步研究了不同pH硝酸铜溶液中Cu^2＋的微观局域结构以及Cu^2＋吸附对针铁矿中Fe^3＋微观局域结构的影响，为阐明其环境行为提供理论依据。结果表明，不同pH（pH2和8）条件下，硝酸铜溶液中Cu^2＋离子的微观局域结构相同，Cu—O的配位数、键长和热无序度分别为4．3～4．4、1．95—1．96A和0．0056A^2，这种结构与Cu^2＋离子的Jahn—Teller效应有关；pH2条件下未发现Cu—Cu配位峰的存在，而pH8时则在2．40A附近出现了Cu—Cu的配位峰，说明这时已形成了相应的Cu的沉淀物。吸附Cu^2＋离子之前，针铁矿第一配位层Fe—O的配位数、键长和热无序度分别为6．2、1．98A和0．0083A^2；吸附Cu^2＋离子之后．针铁矿中Fe—O的配位数和键长未发生改变，但其热无序度增加。 相似文献
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在pH=5.8的Britton-Robinsion(B-R)缓冲溶液中,Cu2+可有效猝灭O,O-2(3-氨丙基)聚乙二醇1500(PEG1500N)钝化的碳点荧光.通过对猝灭机理的研究得出Cu2+对碳点荧光的猝灭是静态猝灭过程.加入Cu2+后,碳点的荧光强度和紫外吸收都明显减弱,且温度越高猝灭越弱,但荧光寿命没有变化.另外,猝灭速率常数Kq=1013 L/(mol·s)也比典型的溶液中扩散控制猝灭速率常数的上限值高很多,这些都证明该过程是静态猝灭过程.猝灭常数为9.0×104 L/mol,Cu2+与碳点的结合比为6∶1. 相似文献
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采用改进的化学共沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4颗粒,利用3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷(MPTES)和胡敏酸(HA)对所制备的纳米Fe3O4进行巯基修饰和胡敏酸包裹,通过红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)等方法对上述制备的纳米颗粒的性质进行了表征,同时对上述不同的纳米Fe3O4颗粒在恒温下对水体中金属离子(Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+)的吸附进行了研究。结果表明,所制备的功能化前后的纳米Fe3O4纯度较高,平均粒径约为20～30nm,且分布均匀。不同纳米型Fe3O4颗粒对溶液中金属离子具有较好的吸附性能,其吸附等温线均可以用Langmuir方程进行较好的拟合;裸露的纳米Fe3O4颗粒对Pb2+最大吸附量(b)达到172.4mg·g-1,经过胡敏酸包裹后的纳米Fe3O4颗粒对Cd2+、Cu2+的最大吸附量分别增加了75.8%和231.5%;对不同金属离子而言,裸露的和巯基修饰的纳米Fe3O4对3种重金属离子的吸附能力的强弱为Pb2+>Cd2+>Cu2+,而经胡敏酸包裹后的顺序则为Pb2+>Cu2+>Cd2+;与裸露的和巯基修饰的纳米Fe3O4相比,经HA包裹的纳米Fe3O4对Cd2+和Cu2+具有较高的吸附量和吸附亲... 相似文献
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[目的]研究不同浓度Ca2+、Cu2+胁迫对冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)新品系03132-6种子萌发情况的影响,为小麦抗盐生理研究和应用提供理论依据。[方法]Ca2+、Cu2+浓度均分别为0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%、0.30%。[结果]同一离子条件下不同浓度Ca2+、Cu2+对小麦种子萌发有不同的影响,不同离子条件下同一浓度对小麦种子萌发影响也不同。Cu2+对小麦种子的萌发影响显著,Ca2+对小麦种子萌发的影响明显小于Cu2+。Ca2+浓度≤0.15%时,小麦种子的发芽势和发芽率有所提高,淀粉酶活力也有所提高;当其浓度≥0.20%时,小麦种子的发芽势和发芽率有所下降,淀粉酶活力也随之下降。当Cu2+浓度≥0.05%时,小麦种子发芽势、发芽率、淀粉酶活力都大幅度下降。[结论]0.05%～0.30%Cu2+能抑制小麦种子的萌发;0.05%～0.10%Ca2+对小麦种子的萌发有促进作用,0.15%～0.30%Ca2+对小麦种子的萌发有抑制作用。 相似文献
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[目的]制备复合光催化剂Bi2Fe4O9/TiO2并研究其光催化性能。[方法]采用高能球磨法制备复合光催化剂Bi2Fe4O9/TiO2,通过XRD、SEM和UV-Vis对其进行了表征,并探讨Bi2Fe4O9掺杂量及球磨时间对其光催化活性的影响。[结果]当Bi2Fe4O9掺杂量为5.0%,球磨时间为12 h时,复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解率达到56%。[结论]复合光催化剂光活性的提高可能是由于催化剂中复合半导体结构的光生电子-空穴对的有效分离造成的。 相似文献
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本文探讨了以分子筛组装Bi2O3代替标准重铬酸钾法中的Ag2SO4，用密封消解法测定废水COD值的可行性，研究了催化剂的用量、溶液的酸度、消解时间及温度等因素对COD测定的影响。通过对各种废水COD值的测定表明，用分子筛组装Bi2O3做催化剂，在165℃，较低酸度，密封消解15min是可行的，并能显著降低分析费用。 相似文献
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本文根据Samucl反键分子轨道增价原理和Linnett反键轨道电子配对理论,论述了4电子3中心分子体系Harcourt增价结构的构造方式。重点放在对其波函数的考虑,即由结构的波函数阐明结构的性质及特点,如长键共振结构和键的分数性。我们还证明Harcourt增价结构是作近似分子轨道处理涉及到组态相互作用时的主要结构成分。对N_2O分子的定性价键描述,包含Harcourt增价结构才是完全的。 相似文献
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Cu~(2+)·Cd~(2+)胁迫对番茄幼苗生长及过氧化物酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用不同浓度Cu2+、Cd2+处理2个番茄品种的幼苗,研究重金属离子对番茄苗期生长和叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响,比较Cu2+、Cd2+两种重金属离子对番茄幼苗的毒性差异及2个番茄品种之间的差异。试验结果表明,Cu2+、Cd2+在较低浓度时能够促进番茄幼苗生长,提高POD活性;而随着浓度提高抑制作用明显。且Cd2+的影响比Cu2+明显,2个不同番茄品种间也存在差异。 相似文献
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[目的]为了了解环境介质中同时存在Ca2+和Sr2+2种离子时油菜幼苗的抗氧化酶活性的变化。[方法]在石英砂和Hoagland营养液培养体系中,用浓度为0、10、20和40 mmol/L SrCl2及浓度为0、5和10 mmol/L Ca(NO3)2处理3叶龄油菜幼苗。在处理0、7、14和21 d后,分别取样测定POD、CAT和SOD的活性。[结果]在相同的Sr2+浓度下,随着Ca2+浓度的增加,POD活性增加,Ca2+明显缓解Sr2+对油菜幼苗的毒害作用。[结论]该研究从抗氧化角度初步阐明油菜具有较高富集Sr2+能力的机理,为利用油菜对锶污染环境进行植物修复提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Ramesh R Inam A Chan WK Wilkens B Myers K Remschnig K Hart DL Tarascon JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,252(5008):944-946
Thin-film heterostructures of Bi(4)Ti(3)O(12)Bi(2)Sr(2)CuO(6+x), have been grown on single crystals of SrTiO(3), LaAlO(3), and MgAl(2)O(4) by pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction studies show the presence of c-axis orientation only; Rutherford backscattering experiments show the composition to be close to the nominal stoichiometry. The films are ferroelectric and exhibit a symmetric hysteresis loop. The remanent polarization was 1.0 microcoulomb per square centimeter, and the coercive field was 2.0 x 10(5) volts per centimeter. Similar results were obtained with YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) and Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+x), and single-crystal Bi(2)Sr(2)CuO(6+x)as the bottom electrodes. These films look promising for use as novel, lattice-matched, epitaxial ferroelectric film/electrode heterostructures in nonvolatile memory applications. 相似文献
12.
Subramanian MA Torardi CC Calabrese JC Gopalakrishnan J Morrissey KJ Askew TR Flippen RB Chowdhry U Sleight AW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,239(4843):1015-1017
A new superconductor that displays onset behavior near 120 K has been identified as Bi(2)Sr(3-x)Ca(x)Cu(2)O(8+y), with x ranging from about 0.4 to 0.9. Single crystal x-ray diffraction data were used to determine a pseudo-tetragonal structure based on an A-centered orthorhombic subcell with a = 5.399 A, b= 5.414A, and c = 30.904 A. The structure contains copper-oxygen sheets as in La(2)CuO(4) and YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7), but the copper-oxygen chains present in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) do not occur in Bi(2)Sr(3-x)Ca(x)Cu(2)O(8+y). The structure is made up of alternating double copper-oxygen sheets and double bismuth-oxygen sheets. There are Ca(2+) and Sr(2+) cations between the adjacent Cu-O sheets; Sr(2+) cations are also found between the Cu-O and Bi-O sheets. Electron microscopy studies show an incommensurate superstructure along the a axis that can be approximated by an increase of a factor of 5 over the subcell dimension. This superstructure is also observed by x-ray diffraction on single crystals, but twinning can make it appear that the superstructure is along both a and b axes. Flux exclusion begins in our samples at about 116 K and is very strong by 95 K. Electrical measurements on a single crystal of Bi(2)Sr(3-x)Ca(x)Cu(2)O(8+y) show a resistivity drop at about 116 K and apparent zero resistivity at 91 K. 相似文献
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The incommensurate modulation evident in the diffraction pattern of the superconductor Bi(2)Sr3-xCa(x)Cu(2)O8+y consists of almost sinusoidally varying displacements of up to 0.4A of the Bi and Sr atoms in the a-and c-directions of the unit cell, and of up to 0.3 A of the Cu atoms in the c direction only. Thus, a newly discovered feature of the Bi(2)Sr3-xCaxCu(2)O8+y structure is sizable Cu displacement, which is related to static wave formation in the Cu-O sheets. Reported thermal parameters give evidence that similar distortions occur on cooling of the thallium-containing superconductors. 相似文献
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Bourges P Sidis Y Fong HF Regnault LP Bossy J Ivanov A Keimer B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,288(5469):1234-1237
A comprehensive inelastic neutron scattering study of magnetic excitations in the near optimally doped high-temperature superconductor YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.85) is presented. The spin correlations in the normal state are commensurate with the crystal lattice, and the intensity is peaked around the wave vector characterizing the antiferromagnetic state of the insulating precursor, YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6). Profound modifications of the spin excitation spectrum appear abruptly below the superconducting transition temperature T(c), where a commensurate resonant mode and a set of weaker incommensurate peaks develop. The data are consistent with models that are based on an underlying two-dimensional Fermi surface, predicting a continuous, downward dispersion relation connecting the resonant mode and the incommensurate excitations. The magnetic incommensurability in the YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+)(x) system is thus not simply related to that of another high-temperature superconductor, La(2-)(x)Sr(x)CuO(4), where incommensurate peaks persist well above T(c). The temperature-dependent incommensurability is difficult to reconcile with interpretations based on charge stripe formation in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+x) near optimum doping. 相似文献
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F Ronning C Kim DL Feng DS Marshall AG Loeser LL Miller JN Eckstein I Bozovic Z Shen 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5396):2067-2072
An angle-resolved photoemission study is reported on Ca2CuO2Cl2, a parent compound of high-Tc superconductors. Analysis of the electron occupation probability, n(k), from the spectra shows a steep drop in spectral intensity across a contour that is close to the Fermi surface predicted by the band calculation. This analysis reveals a Fermi surface remnant, even though Ca2CuO2Cl2 is a Mott insulator. The lowest energy peak exhibits a dispersion with approximately the &cjs3539;coskxa - coskya&cjs3539; form along this remnant Fermi surface. Together with the data from Dy-doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, these results suggest that this d-wave-like dispersion of the insulator is the underlying reason for the pseudo gap in the underdoped regime. 相似文献
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La(2)CuO4-y ceramics containing a few percent of Ca(2+), Sr(2+), and Ba(2+) ions have been prepared. Resistivity and susceptibility measurements exhibit superconductive onsets (as in earlier Ba(2+)-containing samples). The onset temperature La(2)CuO4-y with Sr(2+) is higher and its superconductivity-induced diamagnetism larger than that found with Ba(2+) and Ca(2+). This is proof that the electronic change resulting from alkaline earthdoping, rather than the size effect, is responsible for superconductivity. The ionic radius of Sr(2+) is close to that of La(3+) for which it presumably substitutes. 相似文献
17.
Torardi CC Subramanian MA Calabrese JC Gopalakrishnan J Morrissey KJ Askew TR Flippen RB Chowdhry U Sleight AW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4852):631-634
There is now a new series of high-temperature superconductors that may be represented as (A(III)O)(2)A(2)(II)Can-1CunO2+2n where A(III) is Bi or Tl, A(II) is Ba or Sr, and n is the number of Cu-O sheets stacked consecutively. There is a general trend toward higher transition temperatures as n increases. The highest n value for a bulk phase is three and is found when A(III) is Tl. This compound, Tl(2)Ba(2)Ca(2)Cu(3)O(10), has the highest transition temperature( approximately 125 K) of any presently known bulk superconductor. The structure of Tl(2)Ba(2)Ca(2)Cu(3)O(10) has been determined from single-crystal x-ray diffraction data and is tetragonal, with a = 3.85 A and c = 35.9 A. No superstructure is observed, and the material is essentially twin-free. Electron microscopy in the Tl/Ba/Ca/Cu/O system has revealed intergrowths where n = 5; such regions may well be responsible for the superconducting onset behavior observed in this system at about 140 K. 相似文献
18.
We report atomic-scale characterization of the pseudogap state in a high-Tc superconductor, Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+delta). The electronic states at low energies within the pseudogap exhibit spatial modulations having an energy-independent incommensurate periodicity. These patterns, which are oriented along the copper-oxygen bond directions, appear to be a consequence of an electronic ordering phenomenon, the observation of which correlates with the pseudogap in the density of electronic states. Our results provide a stringent test for various ordering scenarios in the cuprates, which have been central in the debate on the nature of the pseudogap and the complex electronic phase diagram of these compounds. 相似文献
19.
I Zeljkovic Z Xu J Wen G Gu RS Markiewicz JE Hoffman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6092):320-323
High-temperature cuprate superconductors display unexpected nanoscale inhomogeneity in essential properties such as pseudogap energy, Fermi surface, and even superconducting critical temperature. Theoretical explanations for this inhomogeneity have ranged from chemical disorder to spontaneous electronic phase separation. We extend the energy range of scanning tunneling spectroscopy on Bi(2+y)Sr(2-y)CaCu(2)O(8+x), allowing a complete mapping of two types of interstitial oxygen dopants and vacancies at the apical oxygen site. We show that the nanoscale spatial variations in the pseudogap states are correlated with disorder in these dopant concentrations, particularly that of apical oxygen vacancies. 相似文献
20.
Kohsaka Y Taylor C Fujita K Schmidt A Lupien C Hanaguri T Azuma M Takano M Eisaki H Takagi H Uchida S Davis JC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5817):1380-1385
Removing electrons from the CuO2 plane of cuprates alters the electronic correlations sufficiently to produce high-temperature superconductivity. Associated with these changes are spectral-weight transfers from the high-energy states of the insulator to low energies. In theory, these should be detectable as an imbalance between the tunneling rate for electron injection and extraction-a tunneling asymmetry. We introduce atomic-resolution tunneling-asymmetry imaging, finding virtually identical phenomena in two lightly hole-doped cuprates: Ca(1.88)Na(0.12)CuO(2)Cl2 and Bi2Sr2Dy(0.2)Ca(0.8)Cu2O(8+delta). Intense spatial variations in tunneling asymmetry occur primarily at the planar oxygen sites; their spatial arrangement forms a Cu-O-Cu bond-centered electronic pattern without long-range order but with 4a(0)-wide unidirectional electronic domains dispersed throughout (a(0): the Cu-O-Cu distance). The emerging picture is then of a partial hole localization within an intrinsic electronic glass evolving, at higher hole densities, into complete delocalization and highest-temperature superconductivity. 相似文献