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1.
许泽永 《中国油料作物学报》1981,(4)
花生病毒病是影响花生生产的主要问题之一。花生病毒病种类比较多。目前已知,花生斑驳病毒病[peanut mottle virus(PMV)]广泛流行在世界上各个花生产区,此外,在局部地区流行为害的有花生丛簇病毒病[groundnut rossete virus(GRV)]、花生顶端坏死病毒病(peanut bud necrosis disease)、花生矮化病毒病[peanut stuntvirus(PSV)],花生矮缩病毒病[peanut clump virus(PCV)]以及菌质体引起的花生丛枝病(peanut witche’s broom)。关于花生斑驳病毒病的国外研究概况已介绍于《油料作物科技》1978(1—2),现将其他重要的花生病毒病介绍于下: 相似文献
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花生病毒病是花生产区近年来常发性病害。对花生生产带来很大损失。在我县发生的有花生斑驳病毒、花叶病毒和矮化病毒三种类型,此病1986年在山东花生产区造成大流行,我县发病面积达9.6万亩,占花生总播种面积的19.3%。为了对病毒病经济重要性作出正确估计及病害产量损失计算提供科学依据,我们于1986年对花生病毒病对花生生长和产量影响进行了初步调查,现将结果报告如下。 相似文献
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花生病毒病的发生与环境因子关系的初步探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
花生病毒病,在我省主要包括花生斑驳病毒,约占70％;花生花叶病毒,约占20％,花生矮化病毒,约占10％等三种类型的病毒病,有时亦混合发生为害。曾于1976年在我国北方花生产区流行过,山东花生产区也遭此害。目前该病害随着生产制度的变化和田间管理的加强虽然未大流行过,但是该病害(尤其是花生斑驳病毒)在最近几年内从未减轻过,如邹县、莱西、蓬莱等地均常有发生。为了探讨花生病毒病 相似文献
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花生病毒病发生及流行规律研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
经1938～1990三年研究,花生矮化病毒(PSV)引起花生普通花叶病毒病已为开封市区花生上主要流行的病毒病。并根据刺槐花叶分离物,接种于花生、大豆、昆诺黎上的反应和该分离物与抗血清反应,确认开封刺槐花叶分离物为PSV病毒,并初步发现了PSV由刺槐传到花生上的事实。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2015,(6)
利用72对多态性SSR引物对57份具有不同青枯病抗性的花生品种进行遗传多样性分析,结合青枯病抗性鉴定结果,利用Pearson's相关和多元线性逐步回归鉴定与花生青枯病抗性相关的SSR标记。SSR标记多态性分析表明,57份花生品种遗传相似系数为0.497 8~0.960 7,平均0.703 8。在遗传相似系数为0.69处,参试品种聚类为2个类群,与品种的青枯病抗性鉴定结果和品种的植物学类型基本一致,抗病品种之间的遗传差异大于感病品种之间的差异。相关分析和多元线性逐步回归分析表明,共有10个标记位点与青枯病抗性显著相关,其中1B9-3、IPAHM288-1和ARS590-1与青枯病抗性极显著关联。用这3个标记检测RIL群体,标记位点1B9-3和ARS590-1的符合率分别为62.85%和40.00%,标记IPAHM288在群体中无差异。 相似文献
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利用重组近交系群体检测花生青枯病抗性SSR标记 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
用抗青枯病花生品种远杂9102与感病品种Chico杂交，从F2起用单粒传法构建了花生重组近交系群体（RIL）F6和F7。采用354对SSR引物对重组近交系F6群体的基因组DNA鉴定，获得多态性标记45个。结合重组近交系群体F6和F7青枯病抗性鉴定结果，应用相关软件统计分析，构建了栽培种花生部分遗传连锁图。图谱总长度为603.9cM，含29个标记（28个SSR标记和1个表型标记）的8个连锁群，还有17个独立的SSR标记；获得了与青枯病抗性相关的SSR标记2个（7G02和PM137），位于该图谱的第1连锁群上，与青枯病抗性基因间的遗传距离为10.9cM和13.8cM，并且位于抗性基因的两侧，两标记间的距离为23.7cM。 相似文献
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花生普通花叶病毒病发生和流行规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验说明,花生在花针盛期以前为花生矮化病毒（ＰＳＶ）易感病时期,随后抗性有所增强。ＰＳＶ可以通过花生种传,但种传率很低,仅０．０２％。不同种类蚜虫对ＰＳＶ传毒效率有明显差异,在测定的４种蚜虫中,豆蚜（Ａｐｈｉｓｃｒａｃｃｉｖｏｒａ）传毒效率高,其他种类蚜虫传毒效率低。１９８８～１９９４年在河南开封田间观察说明,由ＰＳＶ引起的花生普通花叶病毒病在花生上流行受花生苗期和花针期田间迁飞蚜虫数量和花生苗期降雨量的影响,并根据上述３因素７年次资料配合的病害流行预测式,其回报可靠度的置信范围在９８．５７％左右,经相关检验,估计值与实侧值达极显著水平。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Whereas the concept that availability of resources drives seed production is sound in principle, it is incomplete as there are many solutions to the allocation of resources that derive from the trade-off between number and size. This paper examines evolutionary aspects of this trade-off in annual grain crops. The analysis is centred on the working hypotheses that, for a given species and environment, allocation of resources to reproduction involves (H1) high plasticity in seed number, which allows for variable resource availability, and (H2) a relatively narrow range of seed size that results from evolutionary and agronomic selection. Comparisons between crops and fish are used to highlight common evolutionary elements in taxa where parents provide little or no care to their offspring, with the consequence that both number and early survival of offspring, hence fitness of parents, are partially related to embryo size and reserves.
The plasticity of seed number in relation to availability of resources is analysed against the established relationship between offspring number and parent growth rate during critical stages. The notion that seed size is under stabilising selection is analysed against three conditions: (1) mean seed size is conservative for a given species and environment, (2) seed size affects fitness, and (3) seed size is heritable. Databases from published papers were compiled to analyse the relative variability of seed size and number, and the heritability of seed size. Evidence for and against the link between seed size and parental fitness is revised using the Smith–Fretwell model as framework (Am. Nat., 108, 499–506).
The proposal of high plasticity of seed number and narrow variability of seed size resulting from stabilising natural selection is generally consistent with evolutionary and genetic considerations. Agronomic selection may have reinforced natural selection leading to relatively narrow seed size in species such as wheat and soybean, where cultivated types retained high plasticity for seed number. In contrast, selection for one or few inflorescences in crops like sunflower and maize may have morphologically reduced seed number plasticity and increased variability of seed size and its responsiveness to resource availability in relation to their wild ancestors. 相似文献
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Yanhua Lu Chongwei Zhang Peter Bucheli Dongzhi Wei 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):55-63
Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China. 相似文献
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Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):379-400
Summary Heterocyclic 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones and related benzox-azolinones are important natural products of the cereal crops maize, wheat and rye. Much research has focused on the role of these compounds as defensive agents against plant diseases and pests. Studies of a wide variety of biological effects on herbivores and nematodes, plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are reviewed in this article. Phytotoxic activity of the compounds is also considered with respect to allelopathic interaction with higher plants. Recent investigations of molecular aspects of interactions of cyclic hydroxamic acids and related benzoxazo-linones with acceptor organisms have demonstrated different effective detoxification strategies and tolerance mechanisms. This research has greatly advanced our knowledge about the multiple roles that these allelochemicals play in ecological systems. 相似文献
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Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part I: Influence of ultra-fine grinding 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Youna Hemery Marc Chaurand Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Vieno Piironen Abdelkrim Sadoudi Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is an undervalued by-product of white flour and has great nutritional potential due to its high content in fibres and bioactive compounds. Micronized bran could be used as a food ingredient to improve the nutritional potential of cereal products, or be used as a starting material for other processes (bioactive compound extraction or bran fractionation). The aim of this work was to find a way to efficiently decrease the particle size of bran. The influence of the grinding temperature (ambient or cryogenic grinding) on the granulometric distribution of particles, their composition, and their microstructure was studied, at lab-scale and pilot-scale. It showed that the intrinsic characteristics of bran (glass transition within intermediate layers at −46 °C) had more influence on its grinding behaviour than the type of grinding device used: the particles size distributions obtained after grinding at lab-scale and pilot-scale were very similar. At both scales, the granulometric curves were narrow for cryogenic grinding, while for ambient grinding they were spread over the whole particle size range. Ultrafine particles were obtained in both ambient and cryogenic conditions. Negative temperatures, by increasing the material’s brittleness, favoured a fast fragmentation of bran: one step of cryogenic grinding allowed a median particle size of nearly 50 μm to be reached, whereas three successive steps of ambient grinding were needed for the same result. On the other hand, ambient temperature favoured the dissociation of the different constituent layers of wheat bran, and produced less composite particles than cryogenic grinding. 相似文献
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Multiple use of plants: Studies on selenium incorporation in some agricultural species for the production of organic selenium compounds 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The technique of spraying plants with inorganic forms of selenium can be employed for phytochemical production of organic selenium compounds. Fractionation of the plant material makes it possible to produce a highly concentrated and well defined selenium supplement with potential use in animal and human nutrition. The fractionation also gives opportunities to combine production of organic selenium compounds with other products, for example plant fibres. Multiple use of plants can contribute to a more efficient utilization of land area (in comparison to monocultures solely adapted to food production). It also gives the opportunity to develop systems suitable for long term fixation of carbon, as long as the plant material is not reoxidised to carbon dioxide. Plant fibres could provide raw material for the production of paper or building materials in combination with the production of organic selenium compounds preferentially accumulated in another fraction of the processed plant. 相似文献
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Summary
Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato
plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani. 相似文献