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本文讨论一种便携式报警系统,包括便携式报警器、拨号器、固定电话和手机,便携式报警器包括外壳、设置在外壳内的电源模块、主控芯片、无线发射模块以及外壳上的报警键,拨号器包括无线接收模块、单片机、拨号模块、显示屏、设置面板和扬声器,便携式报警器的无线发射模块与拨号器的无线接收模块之间进行信号传输,无线接收模块和设置面板均与所述单片机的输入端相连,拨号模块、扬声器和显示屏均与单片机的输出端相连,拨号器通过电话线与固定电话的分机接口连接。这种便携式报警系统适用于孤寡老人,便于携带,操作简单,能够在遇到紧急情况的时候一键触发,通知亲人及时赶到现场进行处理。 相似文献
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R A Barczewski E T Kornegay D R Notter H P Veit M E Wright 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(10):3046-3055
Crossbred gilts (n = 288) were weaned at 4 to 5 wk of age and retained through three parities. They were used to determine the effects of feeding restricted energy (ad libitum vs 75% ad libitum) and elevated calcium-phosphorus levels (100 vs 150% of the dietary percentage suggested by NRC, 1979) from weaning to 100 kg of body weight on subsequent sow gait characteristics obtained from 16-mm motion pictures. After 100 kg, all females were fed and managed similarly throughout breeding, gestation and lactation. At 50 and 100 kg body weight and 21 d after weaning, females were filmed from the side and rear as they walked on a treadmill (traveling at the rate of .90 cm/s with zero slope) using two 16-mm Arriflex cameras. Objective measurements were taken from the film by projecting it on a reverse screen. Visual appraisal of structural soundness were scored subjectively for each female at each time period. The front foot pastern angle was correlated positively with structural soundness scores, suggesting that sows with smaller angles (more sloping) were given more desirable soundness scores. Early dietary energy and Ca-P levels did not influence number of sows completing three parities or culled for various reasons, front and hind pastern angles, the angles at the hock and carpal joint or rear view measurements, but sows fed ad libitum to 100 kg had a larger frame size even after three parities. Sows that survived three parities tended to have larger body capacity (girth diameter and width across hams) and smaller front and bind pastern angles and angles of the carpal joint and hock at maximum flex than did culled sows. Structural soundness scores did not differ between culled and surviving sows. 相似文献
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Riaz Hussain Muhammad Tariq Javed Ahrar Khan Ghulam Muhammad 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(8):1723-1729
The present study was carried to ascertain the association of various risk factors of mastitis in water buffaloes. The milk samples from buffaloes were collected and screened through California Mastitis Test for the presence of mastitis. In the present study, 15.2 % prevalence of subclinical mastitis was recorded both at the government (13.4 %) and private farms (15.5 %). The chi-square analysis showed significantly higher involvement of the right rear and front quarters. The analysis of variance technique showed significant difference in live body weight, milk yield, teat end to floor distance (P?<?0.001), udder depth, teat length, and teat diameter in mastitic and healthy buffaloes. The frequency analysis also revealed significant difference between various groups including lactation stage, teat and/or udder pathology, teat shape, and udder shape (P?<?0.001). The logistic regression analysis revealed significant positive association of mastitis with milk leakage, live body weight, milk yield, parity, calf suckling, pendulous udder, number of attendants at the farm, dirty hind legs, and udder depth. 相似文献
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中国荷斯坦牛部分乳房结构特性对泌乳性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究对规模化场奶牛乳房结构部分性状进行评价和测定,旨在分析其影响因素及其与泌乳性能的关系。现场评价和测定我国北方6个规模化奶牛场荷斯坦牛的乳房均衡(2 030条)、乳头长度(1 551条)和乳头位置评分(分前、后乳头,2 839条),使用SAS 9.2 GLM过程采用固定效应模型分析影响上述3个乳房性状的因素,同时分析3个单项性状对校正日产奶量和体细胞评分的影响。结果表明:场和胎次对3个乳房性状影响极显著(P0.01);前、后乳头位置和后乳头长度对校正日产奶量有显著影响(P0.05),校正日产奶量与前乳头位置评分值呈正比,与后乳头位置评分值呈反比;前乳头位置和长度对体细胞评分有显著影响(P0.05),体细胞评分随前乳头位置评分的增大而减小;5~5.5 cm的乳头长度对于校正日产奶量和体细胞评分都最佳。本研究结果为通过乳房性状选择、淘汰并提高奶牛的生产性能、乳房健康提供了参考。 相似文献
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冷却排酸期间牛胴体温度与pH的变化及其对牛肉汁液渗出性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究牛胴体温度与pH变化规律对牛肉汁液渗出性的影响,本研究对100头秦川牛胴体的前部(脖肉)、中部(外脊)、后部(臀肉)在屠宰后冷却排酸过程中温度与pH随屠宰后时间的变化进行了同步跟踪测定,并对冷却排酸后相应部位肉表面的汁液渗出性加以分析。结果表明,中部胴体温度下降速率最高,分别是前部和后部的1.75和1.45倍。前部胴体pH下降速率最小,中部和后部胴体下降速率分别是前部胴体的6.56和4.88倍,最终pH为前部胴体>中部胴体>后部胴体。而pH下降至6时的温度与汁液渗出性之间具有极好的正相关性,其线性回归方程拟合度R2均达到0.8以上。pH为6时的温度均对汁液渗出性有明显影响。结果提示,胴体温度与pH的相对变化会对肉的持水力产生明显影响。 相似文献
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Dorothee Boelling Per Madsen Just Jensen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(2):122-128
The aim of this investigation was to establish genetic correlations between foot and leg traits in future potential AI bulls and body conformation traits in their daughters. Data consisted of records of 2394, 5002 and 1098 bulls of the breeds Danish Red, Danish Friesian and Jersey, respectively, which were correlated according to breed with 11846, 62875 and 10954 daughters sand their contemporaries, respectively. The bull traits included hoof measurements, horn characteristics and claw disease frequencies recorded at hoof trimming, while the data for the dairy cows contained the scores for rear leg side view, rear leg rear view, bone structure, quality of hocks and foot angle. The correlations between the claw diseases or horn characteristics on one side and the daughters' conformation on the other side were either negligible or inconclusive, while those between the bull's hoof measurements and the two conformation traits bone structure and hock quality were of statistical significance for all three breeds. Moreover, the stance of the rear leg showed a significant relationship to claw measurements in Danish Red and Jersey cattle. Small feet in bulls were correlated with a favourable expression of feet and legs in daughters. An improvement in foot and leg conformation traits in dairy cattle is possible by including claw measurements in the selection of future AI bulls. 相似文献
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Marc H. Ratzlaff DVM PhD Martha L. Hyde PhD Barrie D. Grant DVM MS Olin Balch DVM MS Patrick D. Wilson BS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1990,10(1)
Instrumented shoes were used to measure the vertical forces exerted by horses moving at a variety of gaits. Two types of shoes were used; one contained a single transducer positioned over the center of the frog and the second contained transducers located at the toe and both sides of the heel. Horses were shod with these instrumented shoes and walked and trotted over a force plate. Forces were simultaneously recorded from the transducers in the shoes and from the force plate. Comparisons were made between the amount and duration of the forces exerted on the transducers and the vertical and horizontal forces recorded from the force plate. Forces recorded from the single transducer shoes showed strong correlations with the forces recorded from the force plate for horses moving at the walk; however, at the trot only moderate correlations occurred between these forces. At both the walk and trot, forces recorded from each side of the heel and the total forces occurring on all three transducers from the front hooves of horses shod with three transducer shoes showed strong correlations to the vertical forces recorded from the force plate.Vertical forces were also recorded from the instrumented shoes as horses walked, trotted and galloped on a track straightaway. Forces recorded from normal horses shod with single transducer shoes on all four feet were greater on the forelimbs than the rear limbs at the walk and trot. At the gallop, forces were highest on the lead front followed by the nonlead front, lead rear and nonlead rearlimb, respectively. Forces recorded from a three transducer shoe on the right front hoof of a horse walking, trotting and galloping in a right lead were highest on the medial side of the heel and occurred during the middle of the support period. Peak forces on the toe occurred at or near the time of heel lift.The results of these studies indicate that these instrumented shoes have advantages over the methods previously used to measure locomotor forces. These instrumented shoes can be used to simultaneously record the temporal components and the amount and distribution of vertical forces exerted during consecutive strides of horses moving at a variety of gaits. 相似文献
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The use of high-speed treadmills for lameness and hoof balance evaluations in the horse 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H J Seeherman 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》1991,7(2):271-309
Examination for lameness remains the most important component of the clinical evaluation for poor performance. Although conventional examinations can be used to diagnose many causes of lameness, treadmill video gait analysis and dynamic hoof balance evaluations have proved to be useful not only for evaluating lameness but also for maintenance of long-term soundness. Treadmill lameness evaluations offer a major advantage compared to conventional evaluations because of the stationary position of the exercising horse relative to the people performing the examination. Lameness is suspected if asymmetric motion is observed or asymmetric sounds of the feet contacting the tread surface are heard during the treadmill evaluation. Localization of lameness to the front or hind legs is the first step in the treadmill gait analysis protocol. In trotting and pacing horses, asymmetric movements associated with foreleg lameness generally are confined to the front end. In contrast to the pacing gait, asymmetric movements associated with hindlimb lameness can involve both the front and rear of the horse at the trot. The evaluation is continued to determine which side of the horse is abnormal. Viewed from the front, horses with primary forelimb lameness appear to have an asymmetric downward rotation of the torso, head, and neck away from the stiffer lame front leg toward the flexed normal leg as it contacts the tread surface. The lame hind leg can appear to be stiff relative to the opposite normal leg. This results in uneven side-to-side oscillations of the pelvis rotating away from the abnormal stiff-appearing hind leg toward the normal, flexed hind leg as it contacts the tread surface. Both front- and hind-leg lamenesses cause dissociation of the normal foot-fall sequence, resulting in the alteration of the normal two beat gait at the trot or the pace to a three-beat gait. The final step of the lameness examination involves the use of diagnostic regional anesthesia to determine the anatomic location of the lameness. Treadmill video gait analysis can be used to evaluate differences in the horse's gait before and after each anesthetic block. Optimal foot balance during exercise is critical for long-term maintenance of musculoskeletal soundness. Combining slow-motion video gait analysis with treadmill exercise provides an excellent method for evaluating hoof balance at a variety of speeds. Optimal hoof balance can be achieved by using the technique of successive trimming and re-evaluation. The principles of hoof balancing include establishing dorsopalmar or dorsoplantar hoof balance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
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在草坪坪床排水系统中,由于排水管周围填充的过滤层材料与排水管上的进水孔孔径不匹配,过滤层材料中的细小颗粒通过进水孔进入排水管发生沉积引发堵塞是导致排水系统失效的主要原因。本研究选用管径75 mm的单壁PVC排水管,在其一侧打孔,孔径分别为2.5、4.0、5.0和6.0 mm,选择当地3种不同种类的细沙、中沙和粗沙作为过滤层材料,在实验室条件下将排水管两端封堵并置于容器中保持水孔向上,用风干过滤层材料完全覆盖排水管,容器水平方向振动20和40 s,以此模拟排水系统在实际工程中在受到外力作用下过滤层材料进入排水管道的情况,探讨过滤层材料粒径分布特点与进水孔孔径之间的关系。结果表明,进入排水管的沙子数量随着孔径的增大,其沉积量会以指数函数的量级而上升。级配较好且粒径较粗的中沙的沉积量最少,最适合作为排水管周围的过滤层材料,但排水管进水孔孔径不能超过5.0 mm;级配差且粒径小的细沙掉落到管子里的沉积量最多,不能作为排水管周围的过滤层材料;粗沙可以作为过滤层材料,但进水孔的孔径不能超过4.0 mm。 相似文献
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Two dairy cows were found dead in their cubicles and a third was found lying dazed in a stall but the animal stood up 5 minutes later. Two days later; two other cows were found dead in the same row of cubicles. Death was due to electrocution caused by an electric wire in a steel pipe connected to front of the cubicles. Post-mortem findings supported this diagnosis. 相似文献