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《农药科学与管理》2018,(10)
本实验研究根据乙酰甲胺磷在水稻上的登记的GAP数据进行田间残留试验,对不同间隔期水稻糙米乙酰甲胺磷及其代谢物甲胺磷进行了残留量检测。建立了采用气相色谱的残留量检测的分析方法,乙酰甲胺磷与甲胺磷最低检出浓度0. 01mg/kg。乙酰甲胺磷糙米回收率在82. 4%～89. 1%,相对标准偏差为6. 61%～9. 76%;甲胺磷糙米回收率在78. 7%～91. 8%,相对标准偏差为5. 72%～14. 1%。试验研究结果表明:东北粳稻安全间隔期设为45d以上的,乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷的残留量均低于目前我国在水稻上的残留限量1. 0mg/kg和0. 5mg/kg的标准,能够满足水稻生产的质量安全。 相似文献
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甲胺磷和乙酰甲胺磷是有机磷杀虫剂家族中的一对挛生兄弟 ,它们的化学名称 ,前者叫Ｏ ,Ｓ二甲基胺基硫代磷酸酯 ,后者叫Ｏ ,Ｓ二甲基乙酰基硫代磷酸酯。但是二者的毒性、性能、防治对象和施用作物有较大差别。甲胺磷属于高毒农药ＬＤ50 (致死中量 )大鼠急性经口为 2 1ｍｇ/ｋｇ。而乙酰甲胺磷则属于低毒农药 ,ＬＤ50 大鼠急性经口 82 3ｍｇ/ｋｇ ,二者的毒性相差 4 0倍 ;甲胺磷的剂型有 5 0 %乳油和 0 .5 %颗粒剂 2种 ,以前者最多 ,具有较强的触杀、胃毒和一定的熏蒸、内吸传导杀螨卵作用。而乙酰甲胺磷只有 1种剂型 ,为 30 %或 4 0 %乳油 ,… 相似文献
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作物和土壤中乙酰甲胺磷及其代谢物甲胺磷消解研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为评价乙酰甲胺磷在作物上使用的安全性,采用气相色谱法研究了不同气候条件(亚热带和暖温带)下的4种作物(甘蓝、萝卜、水稻、柑桔)和8个土壤样品(4种作物各自在两个试验地点的土壤)中乙酰甲胺磷及其代谢物甲胺磷的消解情况。结果表明:乙酰甲胺磷在作物和土壤中均可代谢产生甲胺磷,作物中的2 h甲胺磷代谢产率主要由作物种类决定。作物中乙酰甲胺磷的消解半衰期为3.1~13.5 d,甲胺磷为2.7~12.8 d;土壤中乙酰甲胺磷的半衰期为1.4~6.4 d,甲胺磷为4.5~10.7 d。土壤pH值对乙酰甲胺磷的消解影响显著,其在碱性土壤中消解较快。具有较高净辐射的气候条件会促进乙酰甲胺磷及甲胺磷在作物中的消解,因此种植在暖温带气候条件下的作物上使用乙酰甲胺磷较种植在亚热带气候条件下的具有更高的甲胺磷残留风险。乙酰甲胺磷施用在叶菜类蔬菜上可能会有较高的甲胺磷残留风险,建议叶菜类蔬菜应谨慎使用乙酰甲胺磷。 相似文献
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乙酰甲胺磷在水中消解和残留动态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了乙酰甲胺磷在水中残留的气质联用分析方法及乙酰甲胺磷在pH5、pH7、pH9缓冲溶液中的消解和残留动态。样品以丙酮和二氯甲烷提取,经无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩、定容后,用气相色谱质谱联用的选择离子方式(GC/MS-SIM)进行定性、定量分析。乙酰甲胺磷的最小检出量为0.05ng,水样中的最低检出浓度为0.005mg/L,添加回收率为90.1%～98.4%,相对标准偏差在0.89%～4.31%,符合残留分析要求。用该方法测定了乙酰甲胺磷在不同pH缓冲溶液中的消解动态,结果表明,乙酰甲胺磷在水中的降解与水的pH有关,碱性水中乙酰甲胺磷降解较快,酸性水中降解较慢,其在pH5、pH7、pH9水中的降解半衰期分别为130.8、34.8、9.3d。 相似文献
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为了研究乙酰甲胺磷及有毒代谢产物甲胺磷在辣椒酱加工过程中的加工因子,从而优化辣椒酱的加工过程,本研究采用气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(GC-FPD)分别检测辣椒酱加工中清洗、自然发酵和灭菌3个步骤中2种农药残留量的变化。结果表明:经流动水冲洗后,乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷的加工因子分别为0.71和0.58;自然发酵过程中,经发酵微生物作用,有部分乙酰甲胺磷降解为甲胺磷,乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷的加工因子分别为0.68和1.17;灭菌过程对2种农药残留量的变化影响不大。综合考虑辣椒酱的品质和农药残留两方面因素,建议尽量适当延长辣椒的清洗时间,在不影响辣椒酱品质的前提下,发酵过程中加入一定量的澄清剂,加强对2种农药的吸附作用。 相似文献
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乙酰甲胺磷在扁豆中残留的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用高效液相色谱对SE-106及交大青扁豆1号两个品种的扁豆荚中乙酰甲胺磷在经过0天、3天、6天及9天的自然消解,以及0小时、4小时、8小时及12小时水洗处理后的残留量进行分析,发现品种之间具有显著差异,自然消解条件下相同时间SE-106中乙酰甲胺残留量显著高于交大青扁豆1号,残留量下降速率3-6天内前者显著大于后者。水洗条件下0-8小时内相同时间点SE-106中乙酰甲胺磷残留量显著高于交大青扁豆1号,4-12小时内残留量下降速率前者显著大于后者。不同的处理方法乙酰甲胺残留量水洗处理效果明显好于自然消解处理。 相似文献
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申嗪霉素1％悬浮剂在水稻及稻田环境中的残留动态研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用高效液相色谱法测定了申嗪霉素在水稻及稻田环境中的残留动态。结果表明中嗪霉素l％悬浮剂在水稻田土壤、田水、稻杆、糙米和稻壳中的添加回收率为77．5％～108％。申嗪霉素在3地的稻秆和田水中的消解半衰期分别为1．96～2．53d、2．06～3．61d。14d稻杆、稻壳最终残留量〈0．01mg／kg（最低检出浓度）,稻米、土壤最终残留量〈0．004mg／kg（最低检出浓度）。 相似文献
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杀虫单在水稻和稻田土壤、水中的残留分析方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对水稻和土壤样品用HCl水溶液提取,NaOH溶液调节pH,经石油醚萃取,正己烷定容,气相色谱（GC—ECD）测定水稻和土壤中杀虫单残留,杀虫单的最小检测量为1．0×10^-11g,在稻田土壤、水稻植株、谷壳和糙米中的最低检出浓度为2．5×10^-3mg／kg．在稻田水中的最低检出浓度为5．0×10^-4mg／kg。当添加浓度0．05～5．0mg／kg时,杀虫单在水稻植株、稻田水、糙米、谷壳和稻田土壤中的添加回收率分别为90．2％～99．3％、94．2％～98．7％、92．6％-99．1％、92．7％-99．1％、90．8％～101．2％;变异系数分别为2．2％～11．4％、1．5％-2．2％、43％～6．5％、1．3％～4．9％、2．1％～10．7％。 相似文献
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The toxicity (72 hr) of acephate and methamidophos to fourth-instar larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), was nearly equivalent. In contrast, toxicity (72 hr) of methamidophos to adult boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), was substantially greater than that of acephate. The internal accumulation of acephate was greater for A. grandis grandis than for H. virescens at 24 and 48 hr post-treatment, as was excretion. Acephate was metabolized to methamidophos both in vivo and in vitro by H. virescens but not by A. grandis grandis. In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition by methamidophos was greater than that of acephate, but less than that of paraoxon for H. virescens, A. grandis grandis, and the electric eel. Treatment of H. virescens larvae with acephate resulted in increased in vivo acetylcholinesterase inhibition between 24 and 72 hr post-treatment, which was associated with a large increase in mortality. H. virescens treated with methamidophos showed greater mortality and greater acetylcholinesterase inhibition at earlier time periods than those treated with acephate. However, by 72 hr post-treatment, in vivo acetylcholinesterase inhibition by LD50 doses of acephate and methamidophos were approximately equivalent. These results indicate that, for H. virescens, toxicity of acephate is directly related to its metabolism to methamidophos and subsequent acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Likewise, the differential toxicity of acephate and methamidophos to A. grandis grandis adults appears to be due to their inability to metabolize acephate to methamidophos. 相似文献
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The half-life of acephate and its hydrolysate, methamidophos, in the rind of Temple and Valencia oranges, and grapefruit, lemons, and tangerines was 10.3 days and 10.5 days, respectively. Half-lives of acephate and methamidophos in citrus pulp were 15.0 days and 6.1 days, respectively based on 7-, 14-, and 21-day data. Seven days after treatment, acephate and methamidophos reached maximum levels in rind and pulp. Acephate residue levels in rind were less than 3.0 ppm 14 days after treatment; acephate residues in pulp were less than 3.0 ppm throughout the experiment. Methamidophos residue levels averaged less than 0.25 ppm after 21 days. 相似文献
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A semi-micro method is described for monitoring levels of acephate (O, S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate) and its principal metabolite, methamidophos (O, S-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate) in leaf material derived from treated, hydroponically grown gerberas (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bollus, ex Hook. f.) To minimise injury to the living leaf, analyses were performed on 13-mm diameter discs punched from the interveinal regions of the lamina. The leaf disc samples were then extracted with ethyl acetate. Clean-up of extracts was accomplished by passing the filtered leaf extracts through glass mini-columns containing carbon + filter aid (2 + 5 by mass). Acephate and methamidophos were eluted from the column with methanol and measured simultaneously by programmed temperature gas chromatography using a thermionic specific detector. 相似文献
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Methamidophos (O,S-dimethylphosphoramidothioate, Monitor) is an organophosphorus, cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticide. The rate constant (ki) for inhibiting rat plasma cholinesterase (ChE) was 1.57 ± 0.03 × 103M?1 min?1, for rat erythrocyte ChE was 8.86 ± 1.10 × 103M?1 min?1, and for rat brain ChE was 6.58 ± 0.42 M?1 min?1. Brain and plasma cholinesterases spontaneously recovered from over 90% inhibition at 30 min to 50% inhibition in 4 and 14 hr, respectively. Pralidoxime increased the rate of reactivation in vitro. In vivo, rats poisoned with methamidophos exhibited signs of cholinergic stimulation. The LD50 of ip methamidophos in male rats was 15 ± 0.7 mg/kg. Pralidoxime (60 mg/kg) and atropine (10 mg/kg) given with the methamidophos increased the LD50 to 52 ± 4.9 mg/kg and 60 ± 0.4 mg/kg, respectively. In rats given 12.5 mg methamidophos (an LD20), ChE activity was depressed 95 ± 12.5% in plasma, 92 ± 0.6% in stomach, and 88 ± 1% in brain at 1 hr after injection. At 48 hr after injection ChE activity had returned to 60% or more of control values in each of the tissues. Administration of a single dose of 60 mg/kg of pralidoxime along with methamidophos did not increase ChE activities at the times and places it was measured. 相似文献
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探讨了3种常用的有机磷农药胚胎期暴露对新生鼠脑组织结构的影响。在母鼠妊娠期7.5～11.5 d时,连续5 d每天分别经皮下注射2 mg/kg bw的二嗪磷(diazinon)、2 mg/kg bw的毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)及50 mg/kg bw乙酰甲胺磷(acephate),显微镜下观察并计数大脑皮层S1区胶质细胞和神经元数量及比率,以及海马CA1、CA3区锥体细胞的数量及体积密度。结果表明,二嗪磷与毒死蜱处理分别使得大脑皮层S1区胶质细胞数减少了14.29%和21.43%;毒死蜱处理导致胶质细胞与神经元比率下降了24.19%;二嗪磷与毒死蜱处理后海马CA1区锥体细胞数量分别下降了9.30％与20.93％,毒死蜱处理后锥体细胞体积密度下降了27.05％;二嗪磷与毒死蜱处理后海马CA3区锥体细胞数量分别下降了22.22％和19.44％,锥体细胞体积密度分别下降了23.54％和18.98％;而乙酰甲胺磷对新生鼠大脑皮层与海马细胞均无明显影响。 相似文献
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Chimeric mice with humanized liver as a model for testing organophosphate and carbamate pesticide exposure 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hiroshi Suemizu Kenji Kawai Norie Murayama Masato Nakamura Hiroshi Yamazaki 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1424-1430