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1.
Based on the mechanism of biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal, the collision between on nutrient and resident time is given. In order to solve this problem, a new process for wastewater biological treatment- three-stage SBR process has been developed. Three- stage SBR process treat domestic sewage is applied, which controls various kinds of bacteria optimum growth with the different function that responsibility for removal organics, nitrogen and phosphorus existed in the different reactors and combine with the denitr/fying phosphorus removing process . The experiment results show that ,the three-stage SBR process not only improved the treatment efficiency that COD ,TN,and TPaverage removal efficiency is 87% ,80% and 86% , but also saved the energy cost. removal. The process can make better effect on simultaneous nutrients removal, simple operation and low cost will make a good application prospect for it. 相似文献
2.
几种贮藏方式对新疆厚皮甜瓜采后生理及贮藏品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究贮藏方式对厚皮甜瓜采后生理及贮藏品质的影响,以期得出比较理想的贮藏方式。本实验以新疆厚皮甜瓜“金凤凰”为试材,分别进行了冷藏、冷藏结合臭氧间隙处理、O2 4%~6%、CO2 0.2% ~ 0.5% 气调三种贮藏方式的比较研究。结果表明,在6℃贮藏条件下,气调贮藏显著抑制了甜瓜的呼吸强度,延缓了果实的衰老,并有效抑制了果肉硬度、可溶性固形物、Vc和还原糖含量的下降,降低了果实的腐烂指数,保持了甜瓜较好的品质和风味。试验同时得出采用冷藏结合臭氧间隙处理模式,效果好于冷藏,但不及气调贮藏的效果。 相似文献
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Discussion of the Application and Foreground of Falling Water Aeration with the Process of Sewage Treatment 
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下载免费PDF全文 The engineering design of sewage treatment plant for the Chongqing city, P. R. China is analyzed in this paper. Considering the situation of China and other projects, the characteristics of falling water reactor for the environment protection project and economy of investment is introduced ; the application and foreground of falling water aeration in the process of sewage treatment is discussed, such as Oxidation - ditch, SBR, and so on. The conclusion indicated that the falling water aeration can be designed and used as an independent aeration, and, it is an upgraded technology of sewage treatment which is adaptive for city water environment control in middle and small towns in China. The falling water aeration may reduce running cost of the sewage treatment plant, is adaptive for foothill and the mountainous areas, and reduces project investment and environments damage. 相似文献
4.
不同土壤处理对设施土壤中微生物生物量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以抗TY病毒的番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)品种“粉宴1号” 为试验材料,研究了不同外源有机物料对设施土壤微生物特性的影响,采用随机区组设计,设置了 4 个处理,0-20cm土层增施鸡粪作为对照(CK)、0-20cm土层增施蚓粪(V)、0-20cm土层增施生物碳(BC)与20-40cm土层应用秸秆生物反应堆(SBR),研究不同处理对土壤酶活性、微生物量及碳源利用率的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,V处理增加0-20cm土层磷酸酶和脲酶活性,增幅为40.74%、53.33%,BC处理增加0-20cm土层蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,增幅为35.59%、63.93%,SBR处理可增加20-40cm土层磷酸酶、脲酶与过氧化氢酶活性,增幅为73.68%、43.75%、73.41%;与CK相比,V处理与BC处理提高0-20cm土层可培养细菌数量25.16%、27.50%,SBR处理提高20-40cm土层可培养细菌数量39.505%,V处理提高0-20cm土层可培养放线菌数量14.13%,SBR处理提高20-40cm土层可培养放线菌数量15.66%~43.13%,BC处理提高高0-20cm土层可培养真菌数量40.78%;与CK相比,SBR处理提高20-40cm土层微生物量碳、氮60.11%、44.13%,V处理提高0-20cm土层微生物量氮36.84%;与CK相比,BC处理显著提高碳水化合物、多聚类和羧酸类碳源的利用,V处理显著提高氨基酸类、胺类和酚类碳源的利用,SBR处理提高提高碳水化合物、多聚类、羧酸类和羧酸类碳源的利用。增施蚓粪、生物碳及秸秆可显著改善土壤微生物、酶活性及碳源利用率,增强土壤肥力,利于设施农业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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Wastewater of soying industry has complicated constituents,and usually contains many kinds of organic things. It has deep tinct, and it is difficult to decompose, and a large fluctuation exists in water character and flow. The paper essentially introduces how to apply the treatment technology of two stair anaerobic_SBR process to treat the soy wastewater. At first, the anaerobic tank must be filled with the spring solid packing, also as a SBR reactor pond are followed. By analyzing the feature of the design,the characteristics of the engineer and the treatment efficiency, the final results show that the average investment of one ton wastewater is 2.9 thousand yuan,and the average treatment fee of one ton is about 0.4 yuan. The most importance is the steady treatment result and the final effluent quality can meet the national standard. 相似文献
6.
研究甲氰菊酯降解菌HY1 的降解特性及其对污染土壤的生物修复效果,为其实际应用奠定基础。利用气相色谱法和摇瓶振荡培养法确定了HY1 降解酶位置及类型,同时研究了底物浓度、接菌量、pH值、温度及土壤是否灭菌对降解效果的影响。研究结果表明,降解菌HY1 起降解作用的酶主要是胞外酶且为诱导型酶;底物甲氰菊酯对HY1 的降解活性起诱导作用。HY1 降解甲氰菊酯的最优底物浓度为10 mg/L,最适条件为pH 7.0,最适HY1 接菌量应为6%（体积分数）,最适降解温度为30℃。土壤修复试验中甲氰菊酯最高降解率可达84.53%。HY1 在未灭菌土壤中对甲氰菊酯降解速率比灭菌土壤快,说明其能协同土著微生物共同降解甲氰菊酯。降解菌HY1 能有效降解甲氰菊酯,并对甲氰菊酯污染的土壤有较好的修复效果,为治理甲氰菊酯污染土壤提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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水稻种子总RNA提取在水稻分子遗传基础实验中起着非常重要的作用,然而,高质量水稻种子RNA的获取难度高,极大阻碍了cDNA文库构建、RNA-Seq和基因表达分析等相关研究工作的开展和深入。为了探讨水稻种子总RNA提取的相关影响因素,寻找合适的水稻种子总RNA提取方式,本研究通过比较Trizol法、GeneMark试剂盒法和艾德莱试剂盒法3种不同的提取方式、不同的耗材处理方法、研磨方式等不同因素改进水稻种子总RNA的提取效果。不同的检测结果显示,艾德莱多糖多酚提取试剂盒能够提取到28S、18S条带完整、降解少和纯度高的水稻种子总RNA;不同耗材处理方法中,蛋白酶K处理过的耗材提取的总RNA比另外两种方法处理过的耗材提取的总RNA降解更少,28S和18S条带更清晰和完整、总RNA质量最高、效果最好;而研磨方式上,液氮冷冻研磨法能够有效抑制RNA酶对RNA的降解。本研究对水稻种子RNA提取过程相关因素的分析和改进,为促进以水稻种子为研究对象的分子实验奠定了一定的技术基础。 相似文献
8.
为了加速牧草降解减容过程,选择了包括强启动真菌在内的3株具有较好降解牧草能力的真菌白腐菌、里氏木霉和强启动菌株QD-1作为外接真菌进行了牧草降解减容的研究。采用正交实验设计的方法对未灭菌牧草基质的降解减容条件进行了优化。结果表明最优的牧草降解减容条件为白腐菌接种量5%,里氏木霉接种量5%,强启动菌株QD-1接种量5%,尿素施用量1.6 g/kg,牧草基质含水量控制在60%。最优条件下发酵30天牧草的降解率达到45.6%。菌株QD-1经18SrDNA-26SrDNA ITS序列分析,鉴定为Pterula sp.。强启动菌株QD-1在牧草降解减容过程中不易受牧草中固有微生物的影响,在牧草基质中能迅速生长成为优势菌株,有利于实现降解减容过程的可控与标准化操作。该研究为外接真菌强化牧草降解减容的推广应用提供了一定的理论基础,同时也为农业生产过程中秸秆的处理提供了参考。 相似文献
9.
潜流人工湿地基质因素对农业径流净化作用的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究人工湿地基质在处理农业径流中的作用,对农业径流人工处理湿地中的基质展开研究。结果表明:人工湿地基质能够吸附水中一定的污染物质,成熟基质基质具有很强的污染物降解能力,对水中污染物的去除发挥重要作用。湿地基质对实验农业径流的COD、TN、TP和NH4+-N的去除率分别为41%,50%,49%和%52%。出水中CODcr、TN、TP、NH4+-N含量分别达到Ⅱ类水质的含量,Ⅴ类水质的含量, Ⅴ类水质的含量,类水质的含和Ⅲ类水质的含量。 相似文献
10.
木质素降解菌的筛选及对秸秆的降解研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为筛选木质素高效降解菌,对筛选的方法体系进行了研究.结果表明,利用三种定性筛选平板结合定量的木质素磺酸钙降解的方法,能明显提高筛选效率,从16个菌株中筛选到3株对木质素有较强降解能力的菌株Tp1、Tf1与Ls21.为进一步验证所筛菌株的降解效果,选取其中综合性能较好的Tf1菌株(凤尾菇,Pleurotus sajor-caju),对小麦秸秆与玉米秸秆进行固态发酵试验,并以黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)BKMF-1767作参照,结果表明,Tf1对小麦秸秆与玉米秸秆木质素的降解率分别为38.4%与47.7%,均高于参照菌株(分别为32.2%和34.6%). 相似文献
11.
为寻找有机肥发酵的最佳通风方式,采取对比试验方法研究了不通通风方式对堆肥发酵过程中理化性质的影响.结果表明：不同通风方式堆肥发酵过程温度伴随氧气浓度的降低而升高,温度高于50℃或55℃天数以翻堆3次处理最多,氧气浓度以翻堆3次与间歇式通风相结合处理表现明显.不同通风方式发酵过程中总N含量呈上升趋势,总C、C/N比、有机质含量呈下降趋势,3个处理总养分含量、pH值差异较小,以翻堆3次与间歇式通风相结合处理成品率最高.总体上,以翻堆3次与间歇式通风相结合最有利于有机肥发酵. 相似文献
12.
回交高代选择导入系的纹枯病抗性与抗旱性的遗传重叠研究 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6
利用来自抗旱性较好的供体亲本（BG300和BG304）、具有两种遗传背景（IR64和特青）的水稻高代回交（BC2）抗旱选择导入系，通过人工接种的方法鉴定纹枯病抗性，考察纹枯病抗性与抗旱性之间可能存在的遗传重叠。通过与受体亲本的纹枯病抗性表现比较发现，具有特青背景的抗旱选择导入系倾向于纹枯病抗性的降低，而IR64背景的抗旱选择导入系则倾向于纹枯病抗性的增强。基于基因型与表型的方差分析共鉴定到6个与纹枯病抗性相关的位点，其中QSbr6在不同供体和背景的两个群体中分别检测到，而QSbr10则在同一供体的两个遗传背景下均检测到；有3个位点（QSbr6、QSbr8和QSbr10）与同一群体中检测到的抗旱性位点位置相近，很可能是两种抗性重叠的遗传基础。尽管方差分析的方法在选择导入系的非选择目标性状相关位点的鉴定中存在相当程度的偏低估计，本研究所检测到的纹枯病抗性位点，特别是那些与抗旱性重叠位点的分子标记以及相关的抗性株系仍将为进一步的水稻纹枯病抗性和抗旱性的多抗性育种和深入的遗传重叠研究提供有用的信息和材料。 相似文献
13.
Zhu Li Ya-Chun Su Qing Yu Yun Chen Shi-Wu Gao Yong-Gang Zhang You-Xiong Que Li-Ping Xu 《Euphytica》2018,214(10):189
In most sugarcane cultivation areas, sugarcane brown rust (SBR), caused by Puccinia melanocephala, is an economically important fungal disease that leads to severe yield loss in susceptible cultivars. Bru1, which is the major dominant SBR resistance gene, has been widely used in the prediction of brown rust resistance in sugarcane. In this study, three panels of sugarcane germplasms, the major varieties approved over the past 10 years and new elite clones in the current national regional trial, together with one panel of Saccharum spontaneum, were employed in estimating the possibility of SBR epidemic and to assess the efficiency of 9O20-F4-HaeIII in eliminating false positives. Among the current top five varieties used as sucrose feedstock, accounting for more than 68.9% of the total cultivated area, all were highly resistant to SBR, although only three harboring Bru1. Two major varieties Yuetang60 and Guitang46 without harboring Bru1 were highly susceptible to SBR, together with highly susceptible Funong41, which need prudent promotion. Approximately 60.5% of the 38 new elite clones were Bru1 positive. Considering the susceptibility of Liucheng03-1137, which exhibits a strong promotion momentum, together with Funong41, Guitang46, Yuetang60, and Yunzhe06-47, four were favored by the enterprise due to their superior sucrose content and good stalk yield, despite their high susceptibility to SBR, and additional Yuetang93-159, one current top five varieties with declining resistance, which results in a potential risk for brown rust epidemic. Furthermore, low frequency of the wild germplasm of S. spontaneum from five different countries was Bru1 positive. In addition, a perfect molecular diagnostic result was observed in all modern sugarcane clones using two dominant markers, and HaeIII can prevent the occurrence of false positive results when the 9O20-F4 PCR products of S. spontaneum are digested by RsaI. The prevalent chewing cane Badila without Bru1 is highly resistant to SBR. Our results provide valuable information for the extension of sugarcane varieties and a batch of novel SBR resistance sources with superior comprehensive characters for crossbreeding, and for SBR-resistant gene pyramiding by crossing or through mining and using of new SBR-resistant genes. 相似文献
14.
《Soil Technology》1989,2(3):301-311
Recent studies of failed soil and water conservation programmes in the Third World have revealed, amongst others, serious flaws in the process of identification of the causes and consequences of land degradation. These flaws are not caused by an erroneous scientific analysis, but originate in a theoretical framework which is not targetted at the user of the land.The authors propose an alternative approach to the analysis of land degradation problems. The method is based upon the identification of the social, political and economic environment of the land user and can be divided into two parts:
- 1.(i) a study of the relationship between land degradation and development and
- 2.(ii) a study of productivity decline caused by erosion.
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At present, Fenton oxidation process attracts more and more attention, especially in the field of wastewater treatment. In this paper, the development of Fenton oxidation used in degradation of dyes was reviewed as follows: the mechanism of Fenton's reaction, application of Fenton oxidation process in degradation of dyes, application of Fenton oxidation process in combination of other methods for degradation of dyes and the future of Fenton oxidation process. 相似文献
17.
几种雄性不育玉米小孢子发育的显微荧光观察 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用高灵敏度的显微荧光术研究同一背景材料的细胞质不育和细胞核不衣小孢子发育过程，目的在于比较同核异质及同质近等系的小孢子发育过程，从中找出规律性的现象。结果表明，几种不育类型小孢子均表现核物质的降解，只是降解的时期不同。由此认为，雄性不育的细胞学实质就是细胞的自我降解。 相似文献
18.
不同基质和生根剂对彩桂扦插繁殖的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为提高彩桂扦插繁育技术,在温室全光照喷雾条件下进行基质配方、生根剂种类、生根剂浓度3个因素3个水平的彩桂扦插育苗正交试验。结果表明：有机育苗基质组的3个因素中,除生根剂种类对生根率影响不显著外,基质配方与生根剂浓度对插穗生根影响极显著,各因素的主次顺序为基质配方>生根剂浓度>生根剂种类,该组彩桂扦插育苗最优方案为：有机育苗基质+珍珠岩+蛭石（体积比3:4:3）,用浓度为200 mg/L的绿色植物生长调节剂(GGR)处理插条2 h,生根率达到83.3%。蚯蚓粪组中基质配方和生根剂种类对生根率存在显著影响,生根剂浓度对生根率的影响不显著,主次顺序为生根剂种类>基质配方>生根剂浓度,该组最优方案为：蚯蚓粪+珍珠岩+蛭石（体积比3:4:3）,浓度为200 mg/L的GGR处理插条2 h,生根率达到80.0%。,而以同期当地长江冲积土为对照的处理生根率只有20%~30%,且在验证试验中该处理彩桂生根率达到了(90.0±3.3)%。在全光照喷雾条件下,这2种方案明显提高了生根率,同时缩短了生根时间,根数量较多且生长于插穗皮部。 相似文献
19.
低温秸秆降解真菌的筛选及在秸秆还田中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
旨在针对黄淮海北部小麦-玉米一年两熟区的气候特点,进行低温秸秆降解真菌的筛选及其应用效果研究。以纤维素钠-刚果红培养基、秸秆液体培养基为筛选培养基,在16℃培养温度下进行秸秆降解真菌的筛选;采用形态学和分子生物学相结合的方法进行菌株鉴定;用沙袋法和田间小区试验法测定菌株的秸秆降解能力。筛选获得一株低温秸秆降解真菌SDF-31,该菌株为长枝木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)。该菌株接种15天时和45天时的秸秆降解率分别为43.89%和56.73%,显著高于常温秸秆降解菌剂和空白对照。SDF-31处理的秸秆原有纤维结构高度破环、产生大量纤维碎片,且土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等指标都显著高于常温降解菌剂和空白对照,其中速效钾和碱解氮的含量分别比常温秸秆降解菌剂提高17.00%和5.12%,比空白对照分别提高25.53%和15.09%。筛选获得一株具有低温秸秆降解作用的长枝木霉(T. longibrachiatum) SDF-31,为黄淮海北部秋冬季节玉米秸秆还田提供菌株资源。 相似文献
20.
为了深入理解秸秆好氧堆肥技术以及进一步探究微生物降解秸秆相关机理,以期提高秸秆资源的综合利用率,本文归纳了农作物秸秆的好氧堆肥降解过程及其影响因素,总结了三类农作物秸秆微生物降解菌以及堆肥过程中降解微生物菌群的群落演替特点,分析了高酶活性外接菌剂在秸秆堆肥过程中的降解效果。在此基础上,笔者认为尽管存在诸多影响堆肥进程的因素,农作物秸秆好氧堆肥仍然具有广阔的应用前景。此外,目前对于堆肥过程中关键微生物的对秸秆的降解作用及机制方面相关研究仍然有限,未来在秸秆好氧堆肥的研究工作中,应进一步深入秸秆堆肥功能微生物降解机制的研究。 相似文献