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1.
Follicular cysts, which is a common infertility disease, can cause financial losses in pig breeding programmes. The pathogenesis and mechanisms of the formation of follicular cysts are not understood clearly. In our previous study, the concentration of retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP‐4) in the follicular fluid (FF) of the ovary with follicular cysts was found to be significantly higher than that of normal ovary, thereby suggesting that RBP‐4 may be a candidate biomarker for porcine follicular cysts. To study the association of RBP‐4 and follicular cysts further, we detected the polymorphisms of the RBP‐4 gene and the presence of follicular cysts by PCR‐Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. In this study, we screened the mutations of RBP‐4 gene in 79 sows with follicular cysts and 100 normal sows without cysts. Results showed that +249‐63G>C polymorphisms were significantly associated with follicular cysts, and sows with CC genotype in RBP‐4 gene had a high risk of developing follicular cysts. Hence, our findings further proved that RBP‐4 may be a novel biomarker for follicular cysts, which may be valuable for the diagnosis of follicular cysts and molecular breeding of pigs.  相似文献   

2.
The aims of this study were to assess the accuracy of different common methods of differentiating between follicular and luteal ovarian cysts, and to monitor the response of the cysts to 12 days treatment with a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID). On the basis of agreement between the different methods, 25 of the 46 cases examined were diagnosed as follicular and 14 as luteal cysts; for the other seven cases the methods disagreed. The use of ultrasound was more accurate in diagnosing follicular cysts than luteal cysts, and combined with plasma progesterone concentrations gave the most accurate assessment of cyst type (92 per cent for follicular cysts and 82 per cent for luteal cysts). The mean (se) plasma progesterone concentration was lower in the cows with follicular cysts than in those with luteal cysts (0.29 [0.05] v 3.90 [0.63] ng/ml; P<0.05). Luteal cysts had thicker walls (5.3 [0.04] v 2.5 [0.2] mm; P<0.0001), and the wall thickness of all the cysts was positively correlated with plasma progesterone concentration (r=0.52, P<0.0004). Cows with luteal cysts had more additional follicles greater than 5 mm in diameter (P<0.01). In cows with follicular cysts and other follicles greater than 5 mm in diameter, the mean oestradiol concentration was 7.9 (1.8) pg/ml compared with 24.2 (3.1) pg/ml (P=0.002) in cows without other follicles greater than 5 mm in diameter on either ovary. At the time of PRID removal, plasma progesterone concentration had increased in the cows with follicular cysts to 1.59 (0.06) ng/ml (P<0.05) and decreased in the cows with luteal cysts to 0.87 (0.01) ng/ml (P<0.05), although there was no change in original cyst structure in 45 per cent of the cases. However, new ovarian structures were frequently observed during the treatment. The overall pregnancy rate for cows with both types of cyst after treatment was 50 per cent after three inseminations, but the first service pregnancy rate was only 18 per cent for cows with follicular cysts and 28 per cent for cows with luteal cysts. After treatment, the fertility of cows with follicular cysts was similar to that of paired herdmates, whereas cows with luteal cysts took 40 days longer to calve again than healthy herdmates. However, the culling rate was higher for cows with follicular cysts (41 v 11 per cent).  相似文献   

3.
Bilateral follicular cysts in a water buffalo   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
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4.
We investigated the efficacy of a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device in the reproductive management of an embryo donor beef herd. Superovulation of embryo donors was routinely induced by a combination of FSH and prostaglandin F(2)alpha analogue (PGF(2)alpha) at intervals of a few months, and after embryo recovery estrus of the donors was synchronized with PGF2(2)alpha. Between 1996 and 1998, approximately 20% of donors were diagnosed as having follicular cysts every year. Twenty-eight cases of follicular cysts recorded between 1997 and 1998 were treated with a CIDR device for 14 days to evaluate the efficacy of CIDR in resolving follicular cysts in donor herds. Initial recovery was defined as the occurrence of ovulation with estrous behavior and subsequent formation of a corpus luteum after removal of the CIDR. Initial recovery was recognized in all cases (n=28). Follicular cysts did not recur after repeated embryo recovery in 64% of the initially recovered donors, but in 36% of affected donors cysts recurred after the next embryo recovery. Subsequently, with a CIDR device instead of PGF(2)alpha, we synchronized estrus after embryo recovery in the same herd from 1999 to 2000, to investigate the ability of CIDR to prevent the initiation of follicular cysts. Of the donors used between 1999 and 2000, approximately 30% had a history of follicular cysts. Use of CIDR for estrous synchronization after embryo recovery lowered the incidence of follicular cysts to 3% in 1999 and 0% in 2000. Treatment with CIDR proved effective at resolving follicular cysts in the embryo donor beef herd and enabled re-use of donors affected with follicular cysts. CIDR is also likely to be efficacious in lowering the occurrence of follicular cysts in donor herds when it is used for estrous synchronization after embryo recovery.  相似文献   

5.
Several studies have clarified that the follicular cysts degenerate and are replaced by newly growing follicles that develop into new follicular cysts without ovulation, i.e., turnover of ovarian follicular cysts in cows. However, the relativity of endocrinological changes, including the inhibin profile during turnover of spontaneous follicular cysts in dairy cows, is still unclear. In the present study, the relationship between turnover of follicular cysts and changes in the peripheral blood concentrations of progesterone (P), estradiol-17beta (E(2)), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin were examined in lactating dairy cows. Five cows diagnosed with follicular cysts (follicles of more than 25 mm in diameter in the absence of a corpus luteum) were investigated. Their ovarian dynamics were monitored using ultrasonography, and blood samples were collected at 2- or 3- day intervals throughout the experiment. The day when a follicle fated to become a follicular cyst reached more than 8 mm in diameter was defined as the start of a cystic follicular wave. Four of the 5 cows exhibited a similar patterns of cystic follicular changes and hormone profiles. The data from the 4 cows was used for analysis of the relationships between turnover of cystic follicles and the hormone profiles. Two or three new cystic follicular waves occurred in each cow during the experimental period. The mean diameter of the cystic follicles was more than 25 mm 13 to 15 days after the start of the cystic follicular wave, and it began to decrease 1 to 6 days before the start of the subsequent cystic follicular wave. The levels of E(2) and inhibin tended to decrease for 7 to 9 days before the start of a new cystic follicular wave and to increase concomitantly with new follicular cyst growth. The levels of FSH rose for 1 to 3 days before the start of a new cystic follicular wave. The present study clarified the relationship between FSH and inhibin during turnover of spontaneous follicular cysts in dairy cows and found that it was very similar to previous results for cows. The present results suggest that an increase in FSH secretion following a reduction in inhibin secretion triggers turnover of cystic follicles in cows with spontaneous follicular cysts.  相似文献   

6.
Follicular cysts are non-neoplastic skin lesions lined by follicular epithelium. The pathogenesis of these lesions is unclear. Multiple follicular cysts occur sporadically in dogs, horses and humans and are common in sheep. Here we report multiple follicular cysts in four aged alpacas (Vicugna pacos). Based on their histological features, they are most consistent with hybrid cysts. This is the first report of multiple follicular cysts in alpacas.  相似文献   

7.
Cystic ovarian disease is an important cause of reproductive failure. The objective of this study was to evaluate transrectal ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) as a therapeutic approach for ovarian follicular cysts in goats. Goats were considered to have a follicular cyst(s) if a non-echoic structure >10 mm in diameter was detected in the absence of corpora lutea (CL) in three ultrasonic examinations performed at 5-day intervals. After diagnosis (Day 0), goats with ovarian follicular cysts (n = 5) were treated with a single bolus injection of 10.5 microg synthetic GnRH followed by administration of 125 microg prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) 10 days later. Five blood samples were collected at 5-day intervals for determination of progesterone and estradiol-17beta. For detection of LH surge, blood samples were collected every 2 h. Ovulation rate was determined and pregnancy was confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography. The results showed that transrectal ultrasonography is reliable for diagnosis of ovarian follicular cysts and the mean diameter of the follicular cysts was 12.6 +/- 0.4 mm. Plasma concentrations of progesterone and estradiol-17beta at the time of diagnosis of follicular cysts (Day 0) were 0.7 +/- 0.2 ng/ml and 12.7 +/- 0.9 pg/ml, respectively. The concentration of progesterone increased to 4.0 +/- 0.5 ng/ml 10 days after administration of GnRH indicating luteinization of the ovarian follicular cysts concomitant with a decrease in the concentration of estradiol-17beta (3.5 +/- 0.4 pg/ml). Administration of GnRH to cystic goats resulted in a surge of LH within 2 h of treatment. The interval from PGF2alpha injection to the preovulatory LH surge was 62.8 +/- 1.4 h. All goats exhibited estrus 55.2 +/- 2.3 h after PGF2alpha injection and four goats out of the five ovulated. The ovulation rate was 1.5 +/- 0.3. In conclusion, results of this study suggest that transrectal ultrasonography is a reliable tool for diagnosis of ovarian follicular cysts. In addition, GnRH can be used to effectively treat ovarian follicular cysts in goats with 80% success rate.  相似文献   

8.
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of a single injection of progesterone on the lifespan of ovarian follicular cysts and to examine the fate of follicles that mature following treatment. Lactating Holstein and Jersey cows with ovarian follicular cysts were identified by rectal palpation. The ovaries of cystic cows were then examined by transrectal ultrasonography three times weekly to monitor formation of new follicular cysts. Cows with newly formed follicular cysts were treated either with a single injection of progesterone (200 mg, IM, n = 11) or corn oil vehicle (n = 7). Venous blood samples were collected daily for quantification of progesterone. Blood sampling and ultrasonography continued until ovulation or a new follicular cyst formed. Treatment reduced the lifespan of the cyst by 12 days, from 29.8 +/- 2.3 days in control cows to 17.2 +/- 1.8 days in progesterone-treated cows (P = 0.01). Progesterone treatment also tended to alter the frequency of subsequent follicular events. Ovulation occurred in 4/11 cows that were treated with progesterone whereas none of the vehicle treated cows ovulated (P = 0.07). In conclusion, a single injection of 200mg of progesterone, administered early in the life of an ovarian follicular cyst, shortened its lifespan and in some cases was followed by ovulation of a new follicle.  相似文献   

9.
The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the accuracy of palpation per rectum and linear-array ultrasonography for diagnosing follicular vs luteal ovarian cysts in cows. Forty-seven examinations of ovarian cysts from 28 cows were diagnosed by palpation per rectum as either a firm, thick-walled structure (luteal cyst) or a soft, thin-walled structure (follicular cyst) during weekly herd examinations. The ovaries of each cow were then examined by ultrasonography. Ultrasonograms of cysts greater than 25 mm in diameter were diagnosed as luteal or follicular cysts and were recorded on videotape for evaluation by a second clinician. Serum progesterone concentrations at the time of examination were determined by radioimmunoassay and used to classify luteal (greater than 0.5 ng/ml) or follicular (less than or equal to 0.5 ng/ml) cysts. Selection of this discriminatory level was based on response of a proportion of cows with luteal cysts that were given 25 mg of prostaglandin F2 alpha at the time of diagnosis by ultrasonography. Sensitivity and specificity of palpation per rectum for diagnosis of type of ovarian cyst were low (43.3 and 64.7%, respectively). In contrast, sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography were considerably higher (86.7 and 82.3%, respectively). Agreement between the 2 methods of diagnosis was 57.4%. Overall agreement between the 2 clinicians' diagnoses by ultrasonography was 85.1%. On the basis of our findings, we confirm that luteal and follicular cysts cannot be accurately differentiated by palpation per rectum alone. These data suggest that linear-array ultrasonography is more effective than palpation per rectum for diagnosing type of ovarian cyst in cows.  相似文献   

10.
Ovarian function was assessed from milk progesterone profiles in 236 cows that were presented for clinical examination after parturition and in 227 unexamined herdmates. By 30 days after calving, 81 per cent of the cows had ovulated and by 42 days 92 per cent had resumed cycling. On average milk samples were taken for 155 days, and during this period 67 luteal cysts or cystic corpora lutea and 24 follicular cysts were recorded, and 88 cows were anoestrus for more than 30 days. Luteal cysts, follicular cysts and prolonged anoestrus all occurred twice as frequently in the cows which were clinically examined as in those which were not examined. Progesterone profiles indicated that at the time of clinical examination 72.4 per cent of the cows examined were cycling normally, 11.3 per cent were anoestrus, 6.7 per cent had follicular cysts, 8.0 per cent had luteal cysts and 1.6 per cent were pregnant. Rectal palpation correctly identified ovarian function in only 63.5 per cent of examinations, with 29.8 per cent of cows that were cycling normally, 58.1 per cent that were anoestrus, 70.3 per cent with follicular cysts and 25 per cent with luteal cysts being incorrectly diagnosed. Progesterone profiles confirmed normal oestrous cyclicity in 81.9 per cent of these cows diagnosed as cycling normally by the clinician. The clinical treatments administered included prostaglandin, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), progesterone (PRID) and the physical expression of ovarian structures. Cows diagnosed as cycling normally were left untreated. At the time of treatment, 28.8 per cent of prostaglandin-treated cows had low progesterone concentrations indicating that no luteal tissue was present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

11.
On dairy farms covered by the ambulatory service of the Department of Farm Animal Health, 55 Holstein-Friesian cows with suspected ovarian follicular cysts on the basis of rectal palpation underwent confirmatory transrectal ultrasonography. An ovarian follicular cyst was confirmed in 28 cows (50.9%) and was treated by single transvaginal-guided needle aspiration. Cows with a corpus luteum or a luteinized cyst were not treated. After aspiration, 82.1% (n=23) of the cows showed oestrus behaviour at 13.3 +/- 6.0 days. Artificial insemination was performed during the first heat after cyst aspiration and resulted in a pregnancy rate of 64.2%. In conclusion, single transvaginal-guided needle aspiration of ovarian follicular cysts is an easy and good method for the treatment of follicular cysts. Moreover, it is a safe and good alternative method for the manual, active rupturing of cysts during rectal palpation.  相似文献   

12.
This case report describes a 7‐year‐old male cocker spaniel dog with multiple perianal infundibular follicular cysts. Clinically the dog had moderate anal sacculitis, peri‐anal pruritus causing it to ‘scoot’ and lick the area. On examination of the perianal area, there were over 100 firm, well circumscribed papules, ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 cm in diameter with a central pore, and were found in the perianal region. Alopecia was present in the perianal region. The skin tissue in the perianal region resected surgically was submitted for histological examination. Microscopically, the tissue revealed multiple dilated cysts filled with keratins and the papules corresponded to infundibular follicular cysts. The affected dog showed moderate anal sacculitis. Anal sacculitis commonly causes repeated scooting or licking the area around the anus. Therefore, the multiple follicular cysts in the present case appear to be primarily a sequela to chronic external trauma to the perianal area, probably in response to anal sacculitis. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present report is the first documented case of multiple perianal infundibular follicular cysts in a dog.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of the present study was to clarify the ovarian and hormonal dynamics after the aspiration of follicular fluid in cows with follicular cysts. Follicular fluid was aspirated from the follicular cysts and follicles that were fated to become cystic follicles and other coexisting normal follicles, respectively, in lactating cows (n = 3). After the aspiration procedure, new follicles developed and reached a diameter of 25 mm without ovulation within 13–19 days. The plasma concentrations of inhibin decreased and follicle-stimulating hormone increased rapidly after the aspiration procedure, and subsequently increased and decreased, respectively, as a new follicle grew. No luteal structures developed after the aspiration procedure, and the animals’ plasma progesterone levels remained low. The present study indicates that the cystic follicles are never luteinized by the aspiration of follicular fluid, and consequently, new follicular cysts are observed to repeatedly develop.  相似文献   

14.
Ovarian follicular cysts are a major reproductive problem in lactating dairy cows. The primary physiological defect leading to the formation of ovarian follicular cysts is a failure of the hypothalamus to trigger the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) in response to estradiol. The factor responsible for this hypothalamic defect may be progesterone. Intermediate levels of progesterone have been shown to prevent ovulation and promote persistence of dominant follicles in normal cycling cows. Recently, we found that 66% of cows with ovarian follicular cysts had progesterone concentrations in an unusual, intermediate range (0.1-1.0 ng/mL) at the time of their detection. A majority of new follicles (76%) that develop in the presence of these intermediate progesterone concentrations became cysts. Only 10% ovulated. Based on these observations, a novel model for the formation and turnover of ovarian follicular cysts is proposed.  相似文献   

15.
Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an important cause of infertility in cattle, and ACTH has been involved in regulatory mechanisms related to ovarian function associated with ovulation, steroidogenesis, and luteal function. Here, we examined the localization of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) and 11βHSD2 proteins in the ovary of healthy cows and animals with spontaneous and ACTH-induced COD and the in vitro response of the follicular wall exposed to ACTH. After stimulation by ACTH, we documented changes in 11βHSD expression and cortisol secretion by the follicular wall of large antral and follicular cysts. Follicular cysts showed a higher constitutive expression of both enzymes, whereas ACTH induced an increase in 11βHSD1 in tertiary follicles and follicular cysts and a decrease in 11βHSD2 in follicular cysts. Moderate expression of 11βHSD1 was observed by immunohistochemistry in granulosa of control animals, with an increase (P < 0.05) from primary to secondary, tertiary, and atretic follicles. The level of immunostaining in theca interna was lower than that in granulosa. The expression of 11βHSD2 was lower in the granulosa of primary follicles than in that of secondary, tertiary, and atretic follicles and was lower in the theca interna than in the granulosa. In ACTH-induced and spontaneously occurring follicular cysts, differences from controls were observed only in the expression of 11βHSD1 in the granulosa, being higher (P < 0.05) than in tertiary follicles. These findings indicate that follicular cysts may be exposed to high local concentrations of active glucocorticoids and indicate a local role for cortisol in COD pathogenesis and in regulatory mechanisms of ovarian function.  相似文献   

16.
Sixty-two dairy cows diagnosed as having cystic ovarian degeneration were used to study the correlation between rectal palpation findings and plasma progesterone concentrations and the response of cysts to treatment using fenprostalene, a luteolytic agent. Rectal palpation accurately determined the presence of luteal cysts as confirmed by plasma progesterone concentrations of 3 ng/mL or more. Treatment with fenprostalene was very effective for luteal cysts: a high percentage of treated cows exhibited estrus within seven days after treatment. The conception rate following artifical insemination during the induced estrus was 87.5% (21/24). Rectal palpation was much less accurate for the diagnosis of follicular cysts. Cows diagnosed as having follicular cysts had wide variations in plasma progesterone concentrations. Response to fenprostalene treatment was poor in cows with nonluteinized cystic follicles associated with low progesterone concentrations. However, cows diagnosed as having follicular cysts, but with progesterone concentrations of 1 ng/mL or more, responded better to fenprostalene treatment than cows with low progesterone concentrations.

It was concluded that, if correctly diagnosed, luteal cysts can be successfully treated with fenprostalene, and conception rates following treatment can be expected to be normal.

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17.
In 160 cows with ovarian cysts as determined by rectal palpation, differentiation was made of follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and cystic corpus luteum on the basis of milk progesterone concentrations estimated by an enzyme immunoassay before and at 10 days after cows were treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Cows having a progesterone concentration in skim milk less than 1.0 ng/ml were considered to have follicular cysts and those with concentrations of 1.0 ng/ml or higher were regarded as the cases of luteal cyst or cystic corpus luteum. Luteal cyst was characterized by progesterone values remaining high in the cows for 10 days after treatment, and cystic corpus luteum was characterized by a decrease in progesterone concentration after cows were treated. By the rectal palpation procedure it was impossible to differentiate luteal cyst and cystic corpus luteum from follicular cyst. The frequencies of follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and cystic corpus luteum were 65%, 19%, and 16%, respectively. Of 104 cows with follicular cysts as defined by milk progesterone assay result, 73 (70%) responded to the treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, the milk progesterone concentration increasing from 0.7 +/- 0.2 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) to 1.8 +/- 1.1 ng/ml. The accuracy of rectal palpation 10 days after treatment for judgment of luteinization of follicular cyst confirmed by milk progesterone analysis was only 30% (48 cows of 160).  相似文献   

18.
The luteinising hormone (LH) surge in response to 1 mg oestradiol benzoate intramuscular injection was studied on 67 occasions in 45 cows with cystic ovarian disease 20 to 150 days post partum. Cows diagnosed as having luteal cysts were given 500 micrograms cloprostenol intramuscularly 24 hours before oestradiol, to induce luteolysis. Oestradiol benzoate was also given to eight post partum acyclic and eight cyclic cows and in all these cases a control LH response was characterised for comparison. Eight of 17 cows with luteal cysts (47 per cent), and 10 of 21 cows with follicular cysts (48 per cent), released LH in response to oestradiol. Some cows with cysts were given one of two treatments. Seven cows with follicular cysts were treated with a progesterone-releasing device (PRID) for seven days: all responded to a second oestradiol treatment given 24 hours after removal of the PRID. Luteal cysts in three cows and follicular cysts in nine cows were ruptured manually: only one cow (a luteal case) responded to the second oestradiol treatment given 24 hours after manual rupture. In eight cows initially diagnosed with luteal cysts, cloprostenol was not given and plasma progesterone concentration at the time of oestradiol treatment was high (over 0.9 ng ml-1): none released LH in response to oestradiol. As manual rupture did not improve the LH response to oestradiol, it is concluded that the defective LH response to oestradiol in cows with cystic ovarian disease was not influenced in the short-term by cyst fluid contents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

19.
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20.
We investigated the profiles of circulating levels of inhibin A and total inhibin in beef cows with follicular cysts in relation to the patterns of follicular development and circulating gonadotropins and steroid hormones. Turnover of follicular waves was monitored in five cows every 2 days for 70 days from 10 days after detection of estrus without ovulation. The mean interwave intervals were 19.6 ± 1.0 days (n = 18 waves with cysts from the five cows). Circulating levels of inhibin A were approximately 170 pg/ml before emergence of follicular waves with cysts and increased (P < 0.05) concomitantly with follicle emergence. High concentrations of inhibin A (greater than 300 pg/ml) were noted for 7 days during the growth phase of cystic follicles, but inhibin A levels decreased gradually when development of the cysts reached a plateau. This profile of inhibin A was similar to those of total inhibin and estradiol, but was inversely related to the changes in plasma FSH concentrations. LH pulse frequency and mean concentrations of LH in cows with cysts were higher than those observed in the luteal phase of normal cyclic cows. These results indicate that the capacity to secrete inhibin, as well as estradiol, is maintained in cystic follicles, the growth of which is extended by LH secretion at levels greater than those seen in the normal luteal phase. Inhibin A plays an important role in the extension of interwave intervals by suppressing recruitment of a new cohort of follicles.  相似文献   

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