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稀土对种子萌发影响的研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
稀土元素在农业上得到了广泛应用,产生了显著的经济效益。适量稀土浓度可促进植物生长,提高种子萌发能力,还可增强植物的抗逆性并对一些植物病害具有一定的防治作用。本文从稀土元素对植物种子萌发的影响和影响萌发的机理两方面分析了稀土元素对植物萌发阶段影响的最新研究成果,重点介绍了稀土元素对植物发芽率（势）、发芽指数和活力指数的影响,以及稀土元素对酶合成、呼吸作用、吸水、物质分解和激素变化的影响机理,为稀土农用技术的研究提供新思路。 相似文献
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通过高等植物生态毒理试验,以根长、芽长和发芽率为主要测定指标,研究了镉-苯并（a）芘单一/复合污染对小麦种子萌发的影响,以考察两者复合污染的生态效应并筛选敏感毒性诊断指标。结果表明,镉与苯并（a）芘单一/复合污染条件下,小麦根伸长、芽长和发芽率均受到不同程度的影响。其中,镉单一污染条件下小麦的根长和芽长显著高于对照,表现为刺激生长效应;苯并（a）芘单一污染胁迫显著抑制了小麦根长和芽长的伸长;两者复合污染促进了小麦的生长。单一污染条件下,苯并（a）芘对小麦种子早期生长的毒害效应大于镉。两种污染物在供试浓度范围内相互作用的联合毒性效应为拮抗特征。3个指标中,小麦发芽率的指示效应最不明显。 相似文献
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保水剂对4种典型荒漠植物种子萌发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究不同保水剂用量对4种典型荒漠植物种子萌发的影响,筛选种子包衣保水剂的适宜用量,为荒漠区植被恢复和荒漠化防治提供科学依据。[方法]以红砂(Reaumuria soongarica)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、泡果白刺(Nitraria sphaerocarpa)、花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)4种典型荒漠植物为研究对象,采用1%,4%,7%,10%,13%的保水剂对4种种子进行处理,测定4种种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数。[结果]随保水剂用量的增加柠条种子发芽率呈现下降趋势,花棒、泡果白刺和红砂呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当保水剂用量为4%时发芽率最高;不同量保水剂处理对柠条和红砂种子发芽势影响显著(p0.05)。随着保水剂用量的增加发芽势均呈现先增加后减小趋势,当保水剂用量为1%时柠条种子发芽势最高,4%时花棒、泡果白刺和红砂种子的发芽势最高;不同量保水剂处理对柠条、泡果白刺和红砂种子平均发芽速率和发芽指数影响显著(p0.05),泡果白刺和红砂种子随着保水剂用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,当保水剂用量为4%时平均发芽速率和发芽指数最高,当保水剂用量为1%时,柠条种子发芽指数最大。[结论]保水剂用量对种子萌发的影响因物种而各异,适量的保水剂对典型荒漠植物种子的萌发具有促进作用。 相似文献
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本研究以新疆特有濒危保护植物矮沙冬青（Ammmopiptanthus nanus（M．Pop．）Chengf）的种子为材料,用不同渗透势浓度的聚乙二醇（PEG6000）模拟干旱胁迫,探讨干旱胁迫对矮沙冬青种子发芽率、平均发芽速度、胚轴和胚根长度及发芽指数、活力指数的影响。结果表明,不同浓度PEG胁迫处理均降低了种子的发芽率,延缓了矮沙冬青种了萌发进程;种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均随胁迫强度的增加呈明显下降趋势。当-1．20MPa的PEG胁迫处理的种子在试验结束时仍未能萌发,表明-1．20MPa是矮沙冬青种子萌发的临界水势。PEG模拟十旱胁迫中,当PEG处理为-0．2MPa时,虽然最终发芽率与对照一样,但其胚根、胚轴的长度都比对照短,说明矮沙冬青胚根、胚轴的生长比发芽率对干旱胁迫更敏感。干旱胁迫可能是导致矮沙冬青种群天然更新能力弱的原因之一。本研究将为矮沙冬青种质资源的保护和种群的恢复提供科学依据。 相似文献
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泡桐、杨树叶水浸液对作物种子萌发的化感作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究农林复合生态系统中树种对农作物种子萌发的影响,以泡桐和杨树为对象,采用振荡溶解的方法提取泡桐和杨树叶浸出液,通过测定种子萌发率,研究树叶水提取物对小麦、玉米、大豆种子萌发的化感作用。结果表明：（1）杨树和泡桐叶水提取物质量浓度达到50 mg/mL对大豆的发芽率、发芽速率有明显抑制作用;杨树叶水提取物质量浓度达到10 mg/mL和泡桐叶水提取物质量浓度高于20mg/mL对小麦、玉米有显著的抑制作用。（2）杨树叶水浸液对3种作物种子萌发的化感作用（RI=15.147）大于泡桐叶（RI=13.973）。（3）杨树和泡桐叶水浸液对3种作物种子的化感抑制作用强度依次为小麦>玉米>大豆,而且随着杨树和泡桐叶水浸液质量浓度的上升其化感抑制作用越来越强,作物种子的发芽率也越来越低。 相似文献
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本文研究了不同浓度甘露醇（MA）对海水胁迫下冬小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。我们采用不同浓度的甘露醇溶液处理海水胁迫的小麦种子及幼苗,记录小麦种子发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数并在幼苗生长期测定幼苗相关生理指标。结果表明低浓度甘露醇（≤0.5mmol/L）可提高种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数,高浓度的甘露醇溶液（〉1mmol/L）对种子的萌发有抑制作用,一定浓度的甘露醇溶液（≤1mmol/L）可以提高海水胁迫下幼苗的叶绿素含量,降低游离脯氨酸（Pro）和游离丙二醛（MDA）含量,并可通过分析结果观察施加海水胁迫与甘露醇后叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、脯氨酸（Pro）和丙二醛（MDA）的含量随时间在冬小麦幼苗中的积累情况。低浓度的甘露醇对海水胁迫下的冬小麦萌发及幼苗生长具有一定的保护作用,为缓解农业生产中的盐害问题提供了新的思路。本研究为小麦的盐渍化土壤种植提供了新思路,并为甘露醇进一步开发利用于农业提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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西鄂尔多斯4种荒漠植物种子萌发对水分条件的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同土壤水分处理对霸王、沙冬青、长叶红砂及蒙古扁桃这4种荒漠植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,土壤含水量显著地影响着种子萌发和幼苗生长。霸王种子在6%的土壤含水量下萌发率和萌发指数最高,活力指数和幼苗生物量也最大,幼苗生长良好。沙冬青种子在12%的土壤含水量、长叶红砂和蒙古扁桃种子在16%的土壤含水量下萌发和生长良好。种子萌发策略反映了物种对荒漠水分条件不同的适应机制,并影响种群的更新和扩展。 相似文献
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Suyundukov Ya. T. Suyundukova M. B. Bezuglova O. S. Khabirov I. K. Khasanova R. F. Semenova I. N. Rafikova Yu. S. Ilbulova G. R. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(1):27-35
Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific... 相似文献
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Kholodov V. A. Farkhodov Y. R. Yaroslavtseva N. V. Ziganshina A. R. Maksimovich S. V. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(7):998-1004
Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,... 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):1631-1646
Abstract Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados. 相似文献
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Ye. V. Rogozhina N. V. Kostina L. S. Malyukova 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2011,66(1):32-35
An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and
pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the
course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation
was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the
acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils
of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn
periods. 相似文献
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物联网是一个集信息通信、数据交换、传感器技术与软件工程于一体的综合性产业,探讨和分析了物联网的结构体系与发展中遇到的安全问题。 相似文献
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荔枝种子从果实中剥离出来后, 即使在室内条件下, 也极易失水干缩, 潮湿环境中又易发霉而腐烂。扫描电镜观察表明: 种皮上布满纹孔, 水分散失面积很大; 种脐部为疏松的海绵组织, 且营养丰富。据此, 生产上应对种子彻底清洗, 并保存于适当湿度的环境中, 以提高其发芽率。 相似文献
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The rate of popping of popcorn was measured in oil and in air. Kinetic data for lifetimes of individual kernels from a large population were obtained in oil at six constant temperatures (180–250°C) and also in an air‐popper at 202°C. The data are characterized by an induction period, which is, significantly, followed by a first‐order decrease in the number of unpopped kernels versus time. The activation energy for the first order process is 166.7 kJ/mol between 180 and 210°C, and 53.8 kJ/mol between 210 and 250°C. These data are consistent with a model that assumes 1) that the rate of heat transfer into a kernel follows Newton's law of cooling; 2) that in a sample of kernels there exists a distribution of critical pressures; 3) that for an individual kernel, the probability of popping is directly proportional to the difference between the internal aqueous vapor pressure and the kernel's critical pressure; and 4) that the measured rate constant at any temperature is an average overall of the kernels in the sample with critical pressures equal to or less than the internal aqueous vapor pressure. Minimum popping temperatures predicted by the model are 181 ± 2°C (oil) and 187 ± 2°C (air), in good agreement with previously reported direct measurements. 相似文献