共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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蚯蚓作用下土壤化学组成和性状的动态变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过室内培养试验研究赤子爱胜蚓(Eiseniafoetida)和威廉环毛蚓(Metaphire guillelmi)对土壤化学组成和性状的动态影响.结果表明:接种蚯蚓可显著提高土壤pH和电导率;蚯蚓作用49 d后土壤化学组成也发生明显变化,接种赤子爱胜蚓和威廉环毛蚓处理的土壤碳水化合物含量分别比对照增加43.22,44.76 mg/kg,酸解氨基酸含量分别增加15.34,12.52 g/kg,植物激素GA3含量分别增加11.21,13.68mg/kg,IAA含量分别增加8.99,8.81mg/kg,而多酚含量却显著降低了7.79,7.48mg/kg.不同处理土壤化学组成和性状随时间变化趋势各有不同,2种蚯蚓作用下,土壤pH和碳水化合物含量均在前7d急剧增加,之后变化趋于平缓;而土壤多酚含量在前7d显著降低,此后也趋于平缓;土壤植物激素GA3含量在前35 d持续增加,而后无显著变化;土壤植物激素IAA、电导率和氨基酸含量随培养时间增加而持续增长,直至培养结束(49 d). 相似文献
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不同生活型蚯蚓蚓粪化学组成及其性状的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
蚓粪已经渐渐成为国内外研究者所关注的一个焦点,而对蚓粪化学成分及性状的研究也逐渐引起了人们的注意.本文研究比较了两种不同生活型蚯蚓蚓粪和对照土壤之间的化学组成及性状的异同.结果表明:蚓粪和对照土壤相比,有着更高的pH和电导率值,且差异显著(P＜0.05);蚓粪比对照土壤有着更多的碳水化合物和更少的多酚类物质,差异分别达31.36～ 33.81 mg/kg和4.28 ～ 5.08 mg/kg;同时,蚓粪内酸解氨基酸含量要比对照土壤高出3.84～5.06mg/g;植物激素GA3相对于对照土壤增幅达35％～ 114％,而IAA的增幅则为78％～236％.在相同的环境下,同样生物量的环毛蚓(威廉环毛蚓)和爱胜蚓(赤子爱胜蚓)对蚓粪pH值、碳水化合物和多酚含量的作用无显著差异(P＞0.05);对蚓粪电导率、植物激素和氨基酸含量的影响爱胜蚓要显著大于环毛蚓.总之,蚓粪的pH值、电导率和化学组成与对照土壤相比都有着显著的差异,不同生活习性的蚯蚓蚓粪也会有着一定的不同. 相似文献
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不同有机物料接种蚯蚓对设施菜地土壤 培肥及作物生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
设施蔬菜栽培长期施用过量化肥,往往导致土壤质量退化及作物产量降低等问题。因此,采用生态友好的农业生产方式已成为农业可持续发展的趋势。本研究在野外调控试验的第3年采集作物和土壤,研究了施用不同有机物料条件下,接种赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)对设施菜地土壤性质和作物生长的影响。结果表明,在不同有机物料施用下接种赤子爱胜蚓均显著地提高了黄瓜和菠菜的产量,其中在施用腐熟牛粪+食用菌渣条件下接种赤子爱胜蚓效果最显著。此外,在腐熟牛粪和腐熟牛粪+食用菌渣施用条件下,接种赤子爱胜蚓显著地提高土壤的硝态氮(NO3–-N)、团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)和代谢熵(q CO2),而在施用商品有机肥的处理中,接种赤子爱胜蚓仅显著地提高了土壤NO3–-N和q CO2。本研究促进了对蚯蚓在设施农业生态系统中服务功能的理解,并为设施农业生产提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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对“赤子爱胜蚓”处理鸡粪的试验研究结果表明:蚯蚓在堆肥7d以上鸡粪中的生长和繁殖情况均比干鸡粪中好;堆肥28d的饵料中,蚯蚓日增重倍数最高达0.08;堆肥35d的饵料中,蚯蚓日繁殖倍数最高达0.13。与饵料相比,蚓粪C/N值降低,NH4-N含量显著下降,而NO3-N含量显著升高。 相似文献
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为探讨赤子爱胜蚓谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量变化对重金属污染土壤生态毒性的指示作用,在试验室模拟条件下,利用人工土壤和自然土壤,研究了重金属含量与蚯蚓GSH和MDA含量变化的剂量效应关系。结果显示,在人工土壤试验中,Cu可诱导蚯蚓GSH和MDA含量上升,暴露2 d、7 d、14 d后,Cu浓度与蚯蚓GSH含量的相关系数分别为0.556、0.807和0.775,与MDA含量的相关系数分别为0.760、0.672和0.544,均存在显著的剂量效应关系(p<0.05)。自然土壤试验结果显示,赤子爱胜蚓的GSH和MDA含量与土壤Cu全量的偏相关系数分别为-0.830(p<0.001)和-0.599(p<0.05),与Cd全量的偏相关系数分别为-0.697(p<0.05)和-0.690(p<0.05)。同时发现,赤子爱胜蚓GSH含量变化对土壤重金属响应的敏感性要高于MDA。 相似文献
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以赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)为试验动物, 选取氯化镉、马拉硫磷和乙草胺作为污染物, 通过人工土壤法研究了3种污染物在5种比例两种污染物复合条件下对蚯蚓的急性毒性。研究结果表明, 3种污染物在两两复合污染时的作用类型以拮抗为主, 仅在镉浓度19.46 mg·kg-1和乙草胺175.15 mg·kg-1 (1︰9)复合类型是相加作用, 说明复合污染生态毒理效应与污染物的化学性质和浓度水平均相关。从蚯蚓活体体重减少情况看, 在复合污染条件下, 污染物对蚯蚓生长的影响与单一污染的结果类似, 马拉硫磷对赤子爱胜蚓的影响最大, 乙草胺次之, 而氯化镉的影响最小。 相似文献
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不同土地利用方式下的蚯蚓种群特征及其与土壤生物肥力的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用样方法对华北平原(河北曲周)盐渍化改造区7种土地利用方式下的蚯蚓种群进行详细调查,并通过培养实验研究了蚯蚓种群特征对若干土壤生物学指标的影响。结果表明:(1)在7种土地利用调查样地中共存在蚯蚓有3个科,5个属,5个种,其中赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)占调查样地总个体数的60%以上,梯形流蚓(Aporrectodea trapezoides)和赤子爱胜蚓两个种在本地区广泛分布,样点出现频率分别为74%和44%,为该地区的优势种;(2)不同土地利用方式的蚯蚓种群密度及生物量变化趋势是:庭院菜地>直立免耕>清茬免耕>商品菜地>传统玉米地>果园>原貌地。其中庭院菜地蚯蚓种群的平均密度和生物量分别达到272 Ind.m-2和68.04gm-2;(3)蚯蚓种群密度和物种数等种群特征与土壤基础呼吸强度、微生物生物量碳含量成显著正相关(p<0.01),与土壤基础呼吸商成显著负相关(p<0.01);(4)不同土地利用方式下,蚯蚓的种群密度、生物量等种群特征对土壤中微生物群落的影响作用显著。蚯蚓生物量越大、种群越丰富的土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾等有效成分越高,反之则相反。室内培养实验表明,随着蚯蚓个体数量增加土壤原生动物总丰度、微生物生物量碳、氮也存在升高的趋势,与用土壤生物学特性指标及土壤化学特性指标评价的结果基本一致。 相似文献
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以赤子爱胜蚓为生物载体,在蚯蚓饲料中添加亚硒酸钠进行富硒蚯蚓培养试验,利用蚯蚓的生物富集作用将无机硒转化为有机硒。以存活率、硒含量为优化指标,研究5种硒浓度(20、40、60、80、100 mg·kg-1)和4种培养时间(第15、30、45、60 d)对蚯蚓生长和硒含量的影响规律,筛选存活率高、硒含量高、培养时间短的富硒蚯蚓培养方法。试验结果表明:蚯蚓饲料中亚硒酸钠含量越高、培养时间越长,蚯蚓的存活率越低,硒含量越高,且当硒添加量为80 mg·kg-1,培养时间为45 d时,培养条件最优,此时蚯蚓体内硒含量可达33.25 mg·kg-1。 相似文献
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以赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）为供试生物,氯丹和灭蚁灵污染场地土壤为供试土壤,以蚯蚓体重及体内蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性为指标,进行了不同暴露时间（1、3、7、14 d）下场地土壤中氯丹和灭蚁灵污染胁迫对蚯蚓的毒性效应研究。结果表明,随着暴露时间的延长,蚯蚓体重在氯丹和灭蚁灵作用下受到显著抑制,蚯蚓体内蛋白质、SOD和CAT活性对氯丹和灭蚁灵响应不同,其敏感性大小为CAT〉SOD〉蛋白质;在一定暴露时间内,根据暴露-剂量效应关系,表明氯丹浓度为14.13 mg.kg-1、灭蚁灵浓度为4.14 mg.kg-1可能是使蚯蚓CAT活性达到最大值的临界浓度,同时也是SOD活性受到抑制的临界浓度,超过该临界浓度可能对蚯蚓产生生态毒性效应,这为场地风险评价和修复提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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蚯蚓对As污染土壤酶活性及其P养分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从湖南石门县的As矿区附近采集不同程度As污染的农田土壤,分别设置添加秸秆、接种蚯蚓等处理,研究蚯蚓对As污染土壤酶活性及其P养分供给的影响。结果发现,高浓度As土壤的脱氢酶活性显著低于中、低浓度As土壤,而酸性磷酸酶活性及有效P含量则与之相反。蚯蚓+20g秸秆处理在50d时脱氢酶活性最高,而酸性磷酸酶活性则是秸秆处理在100d时最高,且接种蚯蚓和施用秸秆有利于土壤P素的释放。结果表明在施用秸秆条件下接种蚯蚓有利于改善As污染土壤的养分供给,从而改善根际营养。 相似文献
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磷在红壤肥际微域中的迁移和转化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用室内土柱实验研究了磷在红壤肥际微域中的迁移和形态转化。结果表明,相同施量的磷在7天和28天时的迁移距离相同,施用磷酸二氢钙(MCP)0 2g和0 5g时的迁移距离分别为1 4cm和2 0cm。磷在施肥7天内的迁移量较大,然后只发生少量迁移。迁移进入土壤的磷86 3%～94 2%被吸附固定,64 1%～72 2%仍以有效态存在。在迁移距离内,土壤水溶性磷、酸溶性磷和有效磷含量与距施肥点距离呈极显著直线负相关。施肥量对水溶性磷、酸溶性磷和有效磷在肥际微域中的含量分布有显著影响;但培养时间只对水溶性磷含量分布有显著影响。 相似文献
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为评价农药对蚯蚓的生态风险提供基础数据,采用滤纸法和人工土壤法测定了新烟碱类和阿维菌素类药剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性效应。滤纸法测定结果表明,吡虫啉、啶虫脒、烯啶虫胺、氯噻啉和噻虫啉5种新烟碱类药剂对蚯蚓的LC50值范围为0.0089（0.0075～0.010）μg·cm^-2～0.44（0.34～0.56）μg·cm^-2（48h结果）,噻虫嗪对蚯蚓的LC50值在24h和48h均大于62.91μg·cm^-2;阿维菌素、依维菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐3种阿维菌素类药剂对蚯蚓的LC50值范围为4.52（3.71～5.50）μg·cm^-2～22.76（18.68～27.73）μg·cm^-2（48h结果）。人工土壤法测定结果表明,5种新烟碱类药剂（除噻虫嗪外）对蚯蚓的LC50值范围为1.54（1.43～1.71）mg·kg^-1～17.29（16.44～19.41）mg·kg^-1（14d结果）,噻虫嗪对蚯蚓的LC50值在第7d和14d均大于1200mg·kg^-1;3种阿维菌素类药剂对蚯蚓的LC50值范围为27.93（26.04～29.81）mg·kg^-1～175.33（162.82～188.91）mg·kg^-1（14d结果）。根据《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》,吡虫啉、啶虫脒和烯啶虫胺对蚯蚓属于中毒级,其他的药剂对蚯蚓属于低毒级。 相似文献
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This study investigated the effect of two earthworm species (Amynthas robustus Perrier and Eisenia fetida Savigny) on the soil microbial degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP). PCP-degrading microbes were identified using DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP). The results showed that adsorption and fixing to soil particles and organic fractions dominated the fate of PCP in soil without any amendments. The inoculation of both earthworm species significantly enhanced soil PCP disappearance and basal respiration. The DNA-SIP results revealed that Klebsiella, Cupriavidus, Aeromonas, and Burkholderia spp. were present at higher relative abundances in [13C]-labeled-PCP-amended soil microcosms than [12C]-PCP-amended soil in the presence of A. robustus, indicating that these bacterial species were responsible for PCP assimilation. Cupriavidus and Aeromonas sp. were also detected in the earthworm gut before inoculation, and their relative abundance was affected by earthworms. These results demonstrated that earthworms can introduce functional bacteria into soils and increase the population of PCP-degrading bacteria, thereby accelerating soil PCP degradation. 相似文献
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A bench-scale composting system was constructed that relied on heat generation by microbial activity in the material rather than extraneous incubation. The system gave reproducible composting temperatures and eight microcosms could be operated simultaneously. These systems were used to investigate the feasibility of cocomposting pentachlorophenol (PCP) contaminated soil as a bioremediation strategy. Laboratory cocomposting of the contaminated soil successfully reduced PCP concentrations by 80%, from 68 mg/kg to 11 mg/kg in a six-week period. Losses of PCP from compost controls were minimal indicating that removal was due primarily to biotic processes. A comparison of residual PCP levels determined by dichloromethane (DCM) extraction and a methanolic potassium hydroxide (MeOH/KOH) digest prior to DCM extraction suggested that the residual PCP was bound to the compost matrix. Recovery of PCP at the end of a composting experiment using eight vessels simultaneously using the MeOH/KOH method indicated residual concentrations of 8-10 mg/kg. 相似文献
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This study was conducted to examine the responses of earthworms to soil organic matter and litter at different decomposition stages and their contributions in litter decomposition processes in southern subtropical areas of China. Two plantations were selected as the study sites: Site Ⅰ was dominated by the exotic endogeic earthworm species Ocnerodrilus occidentalis; Site Ⅱ was dominated by epigeic species Amynthas corticis. After the fallen litter and earthworms were removed or expelled, four treatments were set up as: reserving the top soil (0-5 cm, equal to H layer) (H), removing the top soil and adding fresh litter (Le), removing the top soil and adding semi-decomposed litter (Li), and a control with no top soil nor any litter (CK). Five randomized blocks that were enclosed with nylon nets on the top were set up in each site, and then the four treatments were arranged randomly in each block. After 2-3 months, earthworms were collected using the formalin method. The results showed that Ocnerodrilus occidentalis preferred Treatment H though it was found in Treatments Le and Li as well; Amynthas corticis preferred Treatment Li though sometimes it also appeared in Treatment H; and Amynthas sp., another epigeic species, was mainly present under Treatment Le and only appeared in Treatment H occasionally. These findings confirmed that earthworm species belonging to different ecological groups had different responses to organic matter at different decomposition stages. The impacts of earthworm communities dominated by O.occidentalis mainly appeared at the later periods of litter decomposition. 相似文献
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We present novel length to ash-free dry mass and preclitellar diameter to ash-free dry mass allometric equations for seven earthworm species from the families Megascolecidae and Lumbricidae, all of which are exotic and most of which are of ecological concern in North America: Eisenia hortensis, Eisenia fetida, Dendrodrilus rubidus, Lumbricus rubellus, Octolasion sp., Amynthas hilgendorfi, and Perionyx excavatus. We also present a length-biomass allometric equation for one enchytraeid, Mesenchytraeus sp. All relationships between length and biomass, and diameter and biomass were statistically significant at the species and family level (P<0.001). The predictive powers of these allometric regressions (as coefficients of determination, r2) were species-specific, and ranged widely from 0.27 to 0.93. Length-biomass regressions provided more predictive power and precision overall than preclitellar diameter-biomass calculations at both the species and the family levels. An ANCOVA followed by orthogonal contrasts determined that, while the slopes of these regressions did not differ significantly between the two earthworm families, significant differences in slopes of length-biomass regressions existed among species within families, indicating the utility of having species-level equations for accurate biomass predictions. With these allometric relationships, we aim to improve the estimation of earthworm biomass in order to facilitate investigations of how exotic-invasive earthworm species impact soil ecosystems. 相似文献