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1.
茶叶中的香气,主要是初制过程中形成的,但精制工艺中的复火,可使茶叶在原有基础上提高。同样的原料往往由于精制“火功”程度不同,其香气有明显的差别。茶叶的“火功”香主要是热处理过程中,美拉德反应部分生成吡嗪类化合物所产生的。本文通过对茶叶吡嗪类化合物含量测定,探讨茶叶复火过程中,美拉德反应产生吡嗪类化合物的最佳条件和形成机理,及与“火功”香程度的关系,并从香气的角度提出了茶叶复火最佳工艺条件。 相似文献
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人工光照对离体茶鲜叶氨基酸及香气成分的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究利用不同光强的白炽灯照射不同等级的茶鲜叶,分析照射12小时后茶鲜叶的氨基酸含量及其组成,香气成分的变化。结果表明:不同等级茶鲜叶的氨基酸总量基本随光强增大而上升,尤以中高档茶最明显,但光强增至200W时,高档茶的氨基酸总量明显下降。茶氨酸占氨基酸总量的比例,随光强增加而减少,尤以中高档茶最明著,低档茶变化不大。此外,本文还讨论了各种呈味氨基酸在光处理后的变化情况。 光照强度对香气成分的影响,在中高档茶中,萜烯醇类、脂肪族醇、已烯酯随光强增强而增加,而脂肪族醛酸、吡嗪类等有下降趋势,在高档茶中有11种香气成分只有经光照后才能检出。低档茶经光处理后,对香气有负效应的脂肪族酸、醇、醛有较大程度的提高,而萜烯类、已烯酯类虽有增加,但幅度较小。 相似文献
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采用国标方法分别对番木瓜粉在不同温度(60、80、90和100℃)下主要营养成分(蛋白质及氨基酸、粗脂肪、水分、碳水化合物)组成和含量及其物化特性的变化进行了测定,并利用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用技术对不同温度下热风干燥所得番木瓜粉香气成分进行了分析。结果表明:番木瓜粉的色泽、褐变度随着温度的升高而加深;番木瓜粉的水分与蛋白质含量随干燥温度升高而逐渐降低,粗脂肪和碳水化合物的含量则随干燥温度升高而逐渐增加,灰分含量则受干燥温度的影响变化不明显;番木瓜粉氨基酸含量随干燥温度的升高而降低,以天门冬氨酸和精氨酸变化最为显著。番木瓜粉中的酸类、醇类、酯类和烃类化合物随着干燥温度的升高而逐步减少,而具有不良气味的醛类和酮类化合物则随干燥温度的升高而逐步增多。综上所述,以60℃干燥温度为最宜。 相似文献
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配施不同形态菜籽饼肥对烤烟挥发性香气物质含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以烤烟K326和云烟87为研究对象,研究了菜籽饼肥、菜籽饼肥浸提液和菜籽饼肥滤渣与无机肥配合施用对烤烟中性挥发性香气物质含量的影响。结果表明,配施不同形态菜籽饼肥能显著提高烤烟挥发性香气物质含量,不同处理烤烟挥发性香气物质总量从高到底依次为：施菜籽饼肥滤渣〉施菜籽饼肥〉菜籽饼浸提液〉纯施无机肥;配施不同形态菜籽饼肥的处理,以施菜籽饼肥滤渣处理增加烤烟主要挥发性香气物质方面效果明显,其新植二烯、类胡萝卜素降解物、类西柏烷化合物、美拉德反应物、芳香族氨基酸降解物以及非新植二烯中性香气物的含量最高。 相似文献
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热风提香温度对工夫红茶品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《广东茶业》2015,(4)
利用6CZG-60型热风整形平台进行工夫红茶的提香试验,分析不同提香温度对工夫红茶感官品质及主要生化成分的影响。结果表明,随着提香温度的升高,各处理茶样的感官品质先增后降,130℃提香处理的红茶感官品质最好,115℃提香次之;氨基酸和可溶性糖含量呈现不同程度的减少趋势,而茶多酚含量变化不显著。适当的提香能一定程度的提高红茶滋味及香气品质,提香温度不应高于145℃,最适在115℃-130℃之间,所得红茶香气高甜,滋味鲜醇,综合品质突出。 相似文献
6.
茉莉花茶品质独特，深受消费者喜爱，是产量及销量双一流茶类。茉莉花茶加工工序复杂，对加工人员技术要求较高。当前茉莉花茶的香气未能发挥最大利用率，茉莉花茶坯吸附香气不充分，干燥过程中会使鲜花香气挥发散失，影响茉莉花香气利用率。因此，本文重点分析了新技术与设备在茉莉花茶加工过程中的具体应用，通过实验的方式，将新工艺下的茉莉花茶其感官、内含成分、香气利用率与传统工艺相比，新工艺下，茶坯含水量为10%，时间在6h内，温度在50℃条件最优；内含成分方面新工艺较传统工艺相比叶绿素a含量较低，叶绿素b总量较高，叶底更加均匀，干茶外形及茶汤色泽无明显差异，茶多酚、儿茶素较低，游离氨基酸有所增高，儿茶素品指数升高。挥发性的醇类、醛类、酮类挥发物质含量低，与传统工艺相比，能够保证茶的浓郁甜香。茉莉花香气利用率方面新工艺较传统工艺相比高出2.8倍，茉莉花茶新工艺操作便捷，减少了人工成本和加工时间，茉莉花香气利用率高达70.19%。 相似文献
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0123 绿茶复火过程中香气成分的形成和变化原利男久保田悦郎取130℃下复火10、20和30分钟绿毛茶减压蒸馏提取挥发性物质,然后进行气—质联装(GC—MS)分析,并与未复火的绿毛茶挥发性物质进行了比较。复火后绿茶中的主要香气成分稍有减 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献