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1.
《European Journal of Plant Pathology》 2020年10月31日刊文报道,约旦科学家研究了3种消毒处理方法对感染番茄褐色皱纹果病毒(tomato brown rugose fruit virus, To BRFV)的番茄种子的处理效果。研究结果表明:用2%盐酸(HCl)处理30 min或10%磷酸三钠(TSP)处理3 h,处理后的种子经血清学、分子生物学、生物学检测,病毒灭活率均达到100%,可有效杀灭种子中携带的番茄褐色皱纹果病毒. 相似文献
2.
密花柽柳(Tamarix arceuthoides)具有两季开花结实特性,通过对春花期与夏花期种子的形态和萌发特性的比较,结果表明:密花柽柳春花期种子与夏花期种子在形状、大小、颜色上无显著差异。新采收的春花期种子与夏花期种子在5～15℃,5～25℃,15～25℃和25～35℃4个温变周期下都能够快速萌发,且春花期种子比夏花期种子的萌发速率快,春花期种子萌发率达到50%仅需要2～36h。浓度低于0.2mol/L的NaCl溶液对密花柽柳春花期种子和夏花期种子萌发的影响不大;但从0.4mol/L起萌发率随着浓度增高而降低,直至为0;将在盐溶液中处理8d的种子转移至蒸馏水后,萌发恢复率均为0,表明NaCl处理后的春花期种子和夏花期种子永久地失去萌发力。室温储存2个月密花柽柳春花期种子和夏花期种子的活力保持在80%以上,之后随着贮藏时间的延长种子活力逐渐下降,贮藏6个月时春花期和夏花期的种子活力均下降40%～50%。 相似文献
3.
在番茄生长过程中,做好病害防治工作是取得番茄丰产的关键,因此,要掌握番茄病害的发生规律,及早有针对性地进行防治.
1苗期病害防治
1.1种子消毒
利用高温对种子进行处理,可杀死种子表面附着的病原菌,有效解决种子带菌问题.可以用热水处理法:分为温汤浸种(55℃)和热水烫种(70～75℃)两种方法.55～60℃浸种10min可杀死真菌;60～65℃浸种10 min可杀死细菌;65～70℃浸种10 min可杀死病毒. 相似文献
4.
5.
整合微生物组菌剂是利用微生物发酵床作为发酵槽，通过二次好氧发酵生产含有多个功能微生物组的一种新型土壤连作障碍修复剂。本研究采用室内培养皿法，研究整合微生物组菌剂不同浸提液体浓度对番茄种子萌发的影响，结果表明，整合微生物组菌剂浸提液的100倍稀释液处理的番茄种子发芽指数（36.75）和种子活力指数（106.07）均显著高于无菌水对照（发芽指数33.98，种子活力指数65.26）；整合微生物组菌剂浸提液的稀释倍数低于50倍会抑制番茄种子萌发，其发芽率、发芽指数和种子活力指数均显著低于无菌水对照。通过盆栽试验，研究不同添加量整合微生物组菌剂对番茄植株生长及青枯病害的防治效果，结果表明，低浓度整合微生物组菌剂（添加量为小于60%）会促进番茄植株生长，而高浓度整合生物组菌剂（添加量大于80%）抑制番茄植株生长；添加量为40%，其促长效果最好，植株的株高、茎粗和根长分别比对照增加13.77%、26.00%和79.51%，其根系活力31.15 μg/（g·h），也显著高于对照组24.72 μg/（g·h）；整合微生物组菌剂对番茄青枯病的防治效果随添加量增大而增加，添加量大等于40%，其对番茄青枯病的防治效果均大于65%，添加量为100%的防治效果最好，为77.37%。综合促长效果、青枯病的防治效果及成本，建议整合微生物组菌剂使用剂量为添加量40%。 相似文献
6.
渗透胁迫对番茄种子萌发特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用6种不同浓度聚乙二醇(PEG 6000,7.5%、10%、12.5%、15%、17.5%、20%),分别对6个番茄品种(粉番茄HV-071、中杂9号、金珠HV-029、大圣女HV-073、绿果番茄、TTI1103B-2)在种子萌发期各胁迫12 d,测定种子发芽势、发芽率等萌发指标,并进行隶属函数和灰色关联度分析,以筛选番茄种子萌发期抗旱性鉴定适宜PEG浓度和鉴定指标.结果表明:研究用番茄种子萌发期抗旱性的适宜PEG浓度为10%～12.5%,活力指数可作为种子萌发期的抗旱鉴定指标.6个品种抗旱性由强到弱依次为:粉番茄HV-071、中杂9号、金珠HV-029、大圣女HV-073、绿果番茄、TTI1103B-2;粉番茄HV-071、中杂9号萌发期抗旱性极显著高于绿果番茄、TTI1103B-2.8个萌发指标与隶属函数均值的关联序为:活力指数>发芽率>发芽势>发芽指数>发芽速率>胚轴伤害率>胚根伤害率>幼苗伤害率. 相似文献
7.
一株多粘类芽孢杆菌的鉴定及其生防促生效果初步测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
菌株CF05是从浙江天目山柳杉中分离得到的1株细菌,经形态、16S rDNA序列、生理生化指标检测,鉴定为多粘类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa。平板拮抗结果表明,该菌对9种植物病原真菌和3种病原细菌具有显著拮抗效果。室内生测结果表明,发酵液和菌悬液对番茄幼苗均具有明显的促生效果,其中发酵液处理最佳,鲜重增长272.0%,干重增长266.7%。菌株CF05接种27 d后,番茄根际细菌浓度仍很高。种子萌发测定结果表明,菌株CF05处理后发芽率提高11.7%,番茄猝倒病防治测定结果显示,发病率降低38.6%,效果均优于Bacillus subtilis 168处理。综上结果,表明P.polymyxa CF05是1株生防性状优良的促生细菌。 相似文献
8.
生防细菌BMY-1对几种植物病原真菌的抑制作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用平板对峙培养法和滤纸片培养法测定细菌BMY-1菌株对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、辣椒疫霉病菌(Phytophthora capsici)、玉米小斑病菌(Bipolaria maydis)、玉米弯孢霉叶斑病菌(Curvularia lunata)等11种植物病原真菌生长的抑制作用。结果表明,BMY-1菌株对供试病原菌生长具有很好的抑制效果。平板对峙培养法中,BMY-1菌株对番茄灰霉病菌、玉米弯孢霉叶斑病菌、玉米小斑病菌的抑制效果最好,抑菌宽度分别达到15.0 mm,14.0 mm,13.0mm。滤纸片培养法中,BMY-1菌液对番茄灰霉病菌抑制效果最好,抑菌带宽度为8.0 mm。BMY-1菌液及其无菌发酵液对病原菌孢子萌发也有很强的抑制作用。其中对辣椒疫霉病菌和玉米小斑病菌孢子萌发的抑制效果最好。BMY-1菌液处理后,孢子萌发率分别为0.97%和1.00%,而对照萌发率为分别为96!29%和93.04%。 相似文献
9.
本研究选取番茄溃疡病菌(Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.michiganensis,Cmm)致病岛上的chpC基因的部分序列,作为环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)靶标片段进行LAMP引物设计。对反应体系优化后进行特异性测定,结果表明供试的89株番茄溃疡病菌中86株检测结果为阳性,3株为阴性,供试的14株非番茄溃疡病菌(其他重要植物病原细菌)均为阴性。检测番茄溃疡病菌菌悬液样品的阈值为4.8×10~5 CFU·mL~(-1),对DNA样品的检测阈值为1.8×10~(-2) ng·μL~(-1),并据此建立了番茄溃疡病菌的LAMP检测方法。将该方法应用于番茄种子携带Cmm的检测,通过提取种子浸提液样品的总DNA,实现了对番茄种子携带Cmm的直接检测。与普通PCR相比,该方法更加快捷简便,不依赖PCR仪等昂贵的仪器设备,可以丰富现有的番茄溃疡病菌分子检测体系,为口岸等检疫部门提供简单易行的检测初筛手段。 相似文献
10.
《中国植保导刊》2021,(9)
热处理是减少水稻恶苗病发生的重要手段之一。本研究以温度、湿度、时间3个因素设置不同组合,比较了不同热处理条件对水稻种子恶苗病病原菌的杀灭效果及对该病的防效。并筛选出有灭菌效果的热处理条件:温度为55℃,采用RH 0%处理180 min及以上,RH 50%处理90 min及以上,RH 80%处理120 min及以上,RH100%处理40 min及以上时具有灭菌效果;当温度为60℃和65℃时,采用RH 0%处理40 min及以上,RH≥50%时处理时间在30 mim及以上具有灭菌效果。同时,以水稻种子滇杂35、龙盾103、龙粳31为载体,比较3组热处理条件(T1:RH为0%,60～65℃处理60 min;T2:RH为50%～80%, 55～60℃处理100 min;T3:RH为100%,55～60℃处理40 min)对水稻苗期恶苗病的防效。结果显示,效果最优的热处理条件为T1。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
13.
Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
14.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
15.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
16.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
17.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
18.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
19.
Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
20.
W. Gams Willeke Van Laar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(2):39-45
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen. 相似文献