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1.
OBJECTIVE: Testing of the cataract-causing insertion/deletion mutation in the canine HSF4 gene for its linkage and association with primary cataracts (CAT) in Dachshunds and Entlebucher Mountain dogs. MATERIALS: Exon 9 with flanking intronic regions of the canine HSF4 gene was sequenced in 24 Dachshunds and 20 Entlebucher Mountain dogs. The HSF4 cDNA sequence of lens tissue was analyzed in a CAT-unaffected mixed-breed dog and in three CAT-affected dogs of different breeds, including a Wire-haired Dachshund, a Dachshund-mix and a German Shepherd dog. RESULTS: In all dogs investigated here, the previously reported CAT-causing mutation did not exist. We found a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 9, which was neither associated nor linked with the CAT phenotype in the two dog breeds. CONCLUSION: The CAT phenotype in the two dog breeds investigated here was not caused by the same mutation found to be associated with early-onset CAT in the Staffordshire Bull Terrier and Boston Terrier. The intronic SNP may be useful to test HSF4 for linkage with CAT in further dog breeds.  相似文献   

2.
Primary cataracts are breed-related eye diseases and are common in many dog breeds. In this study, 17 genes (BFSP2, EYA1, FOXE3, FTL, GCNT2, GJA3, GJA8, HSF4, MAF, MIP, PAX6, PITX3, SIX5, SORD, SOX1, SPARC, TRNT1) were evaluated as candidates for primary non-congenital cataracts (CAT) in the Dachshund using microsatellites adjacent to the candidate genes. Linkage and association with CAT was tested in 15 affected and six unaffected wire-haired Dachshunds. Non-parametric linkage analysis and association tests did not reveal significant linkage or association for the candidate gene flanking microsatellites tested. Thus, it is unlikely that the 17 investigated candidate genes harbour a causative mutation for CAT in these Dachshunds.  相似文献   

3.
Objective— To characterize the clinical signs, diagnostic and surgical findings, and outcome of dogs with idiopathic sterile pyogranulomatous inflammation (ISP) of epidural fat causing spinal cord compression.
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Dogs (n=5).
Methods— Dogs with epidural ISP (2002–2006) were identified retrospectively. Inclusion criteria were neurologic examination, myelography, and definitive diagnosis of ISP confirmed by surgery and histopathologic examination of epidural spinal cord compressive tissue.
Results— The most common clinical sign was paraparesis/paraplegia. No abnormalities were detected by laboratory testing or survey spine radiographs. On myelography, extradural spinal cord compressions were focal (dogs 1, 3, and 5) or multifocal (dogs 2 and 4). Surgical decompression of the spinal cord was completed by hemilaminectomy. Epidural fat collected surgically had pyogranulomatous inflammation of unknown cause and was histologically similar to subcutaneous ISP. All dogs had good long-term neurologic outcome (10–45 months follow-up). Some dogs had episodes of ISP at other sites before or after surgical treatment of epidural ISP, suggesting there may be a systemic form of ISP.
Conclusion— Epidural ISP may cause a spinal cord compressive lesion in Miniature Dachshunds, which can be treated by surgical decompression of the spinal cord with or without administration of adjunctive steroids.
Clinical Relevance— Epidural ISP should be considered as a possible cause of thoracolumbar myelopathy for Miniature Dachshunds.  相似文献   

4.
Color dilution alopecia (CDA) is a dermatopathy observed exclusively in animals having a diluted coat color. In dogs, color dilution occurs as a result of a single-nucleotide variation (SNV) c.-22G > A in the melanophilin gene. We standardized a PCR–restriction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique to identify this mutation and determine its frequency in dogs in Brazil. The standardized PCR-RFLP technique could efficiently identify the SNV c.-22G > A in the melanophilin gene, with mutated allele frequencies of 0.1, 0.1, and 0.0875 in Dachshund, Miniature Pinscher, and Yorkshire Terrier breeds, respectively, with no statistical difference among the breeds (p = 0.252). The mutation was identified in 2 homozygous Dachshund dogs with alopecia, confirming the clinical characteristic of CDA. The standardization of a simpler and more accessible molecular technique for recognition of the SNV c.-22G > A in the melanophilin gene allows identification of heterozygous (phenotypically normal) dogs that can be excluded from reproduction, to avoid the birth of dogs with diluted coat color and consequently CDA.  相似文献   

5.
Differences in the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the estrogen receptor α gene (ESR1) were examined in Miniature Dachshunds (n = 48), Chihuahuas (n = 20) and Toy Poodles (n = 18). Five DNA fragments located in the 40‐kb region at the 3′ end of ESR1 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and were directly sequenced. We compared allele, genotype and estimated haplotype frequencies at each SNP in the 3′ end of ESR1 for these three breeds of small dog. The frequency of the major allele and the genotype frequency of the major allele homozygotes, were significantly higher in Toy Poodles for five SNPs (SNP #5, #14–17) than in Miniature Dachshunds, and significantly higher in Toy Poodles than Chihuahuas for three SNPs (SNP #15–17). A common haplotype block was identified in an approximately 20‐kb region encompassing four SNPs (SNPs # 14–17). The frequencies of the most abundant estimated haplotype (GTTG) and GTTG homozygotes were significantly higher in Toy Poodles than in the other two breeds. These results imply that homozygosity for the allele, genotype and haplotype distribution within the block at the 3′ end of ESR1 is greater in Toy Poodles than in Miniature Dachshunds and Chihuahuas.  相似文献   

6.
Cone‐rod dystrophy is a progressive inherited retinal degenerative disorder that occurs in humans and dogs. The deletion in the nephronophthisis 4 (NPHP4) gene was established as a causative mutation in standard wire‐haired Dachshunds. We analyzed all varieties of Dachshunds from the Czech Republic and five other dog breeds and found that the deletion in the NPHP4 (in heterozygous state) is present not only in standard‐, but also in miniature wire‐haired Dachshunds, but not in other varieties of Dachshunds or in other breeds.  相似文献   

7.
A population of Baudet du Poitou donkeys was genetically characterized using microsatellites. The results were used to verify the pedigrees and to estimate the genetic variability. It could be confirmed that a equine parentage test kit works well for donkeys and that by using 13 microsatellites more than 99% of wrong pedigree informations would be detected. The genetic variability was comparable to a representative group of Baudet du Poitou donkeys in France.  相似文献   

8.
The aims of this study were to analyze the influence of systematic environmental effects on the prevalence of primary non-congenital cataract (CAT), fibreglass cataract in the nucleus (FCN), and prominent suture lines (PSL) and to estimate the heritabilities of these eye diseases in the wild-boar-colored wirehaired Dachshunds (WWD) bred in the German Dachshund Club 1888 e.V. (DTK). Data included 2,430 WWD born between 1995 and 2003 that were examined between 1996 and 2005 by veterinary ophthalmologists. CAT was diagnosed in 3.83% of the 2,430 dogs, FCN in 3.74%, and PSL in 2.76%. Sex, size, inbreeding coefficient, the age of the dog at examination, experience of the veterinary ophthalmologist and the additive genetic effect of the animal were considered in the multivariate linear model. The age of the dog at examination had a significant influence on the prevalence of FCN. The degree of experience of the veterinary ophthalmologist significantly influenced the prevalence of FCN and PSL. Using a transformation into the Dempster-Lerner threshold model, heritability estimates (h(DL)2) for WWD were h(DL)2 = 0.39 +/- 0.13 for CAT, h(DL)2 = 0.36 +/- 0.11 for FCN and h(DL)2 = 0.49 +/- 0.12 for PSL. Positive genetic correlations (r(g)) were found between CAT and FCN (r(g) = 0.58 +/- 0.21), between PSL and FCN (r(g) = 0.83 +/- 0.23), and between CAT and PSL (r(g) = 0.79 +/- 0.06). The eye diseases investigated here in the Dachshund were found to be genetically influenced and positively correlated traits.  相似文献   

9.
利用EST-SSR标记分析西南扁穗牛鞭草种质的遗传多样性   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
利用禾谷作物EST-SSR标记对采自我国西南地区的40份野生扁穗牛鞭草和3份扁穗牛鞭草国审品种的遗传变异和亲缘关系进行了研究。试验筛选出23对引物对43份供试材料进行扩增,共获得323条带,其中多态性条带261条,多态性条带比率(PPB)达80.4%,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.354~0.500,平均值为0.474,遗传相似系数(GS)为0.690~0.913,表现出丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析结果表明,各供试材料间的聚类与其地理来源及形态特征具有一定的相关性。5 个扁穗牛鞭草地理类群间的分子方差分析(AMOVA)揭示了供试的扁穗牛鞭草类群内的遗传变异占总变异的95.32%,类群间变异占总变异的4.68%。表明禾谷作物的EST-SSR能用于扁穗牛鞭草遗传多样性研究,是一种有效的分子标记。本研究结果为扁穗牛鞭草种质的收集、利用及育种提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

10.
One hundred ninety consecutive Dachshunds >2 years of age, including 18 families consisting of both parents and 4 or more offspring, were examined clinically and echocardiographically to study the epidemiology and inheritance of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and other signs of myxomatous mitral valve disease in the dog. From video-recorded echocardiograms, MVP severity, jet size (color Doppler), and leaflet thickness were assessed. With regard to murmur intensity and each of these 3 echocardiographic measurements. the inheritance and the influence of age, gender, coat type, body weight, degree of obesity, heart rate, and thorax dimensions were evaluated. MVP severity correlated positively with age (P < .0001) and heart rate (P = .002), negatively with thorax circumference (P = .0005), and was related to coat type (P = .006). MVP severity progressed faster in males than in females (P = .0002). The other measures of disease severity (jet size, leaflet thickness, and murmur intensity) also correlated positively with age (all P < .0001). When compared in pairs, all 4 measures of disease severity correlated significantly with one other. Pedigree analyses did not disclose agreement with simple Mendelian models, but high disease prevalence made interpretation difficult. Mean parental MVP severity correlated significantly with MVP severity in the offspring (P = .03). The epidemiology of MVP in Dachshunds resembles that of MVP in humans, MVP severity correlates significantly with other measures of the degree of myxomatous mitral valve disease, and MVP is an inherited condition in Dachshunds. A polygenic mode of inheritance is suggested.  相似文献   

11.
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12.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the subset of dogs in our neurosurgical practice that underwent spinal surgery for thoracolumbar (TL) disc herniation and subsequently underwent additional decompressive TL surgery. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case series. SAMPLE POPULATION: Thirty dogs that underwent reoperation for TL disc herniation. A comparison group of Dachshunds that underwent only one decompressive TL disc surgery was also studied. METHODS: Dogs that underwent reoperation were divided into two groups based on the interval between their first and second surgery. The early reoperation group included those dogs having a second surgery less than 4 weeks after the initial operation. The late reoperation group included those dogs having a second surgery more than 4 weeks after the initial operation. For each Dachshund in the late reoperation group, two Dachshunds that underwent only one decompressive TL disc surgery were selected and formed the comparison group. Dogs in the comparison group were matched with reoperated cases based on the severity of preoperative neurologic deficit and site of disc herniation. These two groups were compared to determine: (1) if age and body weight were risk factors for reoperation, and (2) if dogs had a poorer functional outcome after their second decompressive surgery than did those in the comparison group after their first (and only) decompressive surgery. RESULTS: A total of 30 of 467 (6.4%) dogs that underwent decompressive TL disc surgery were reoperated. In the early reoperative cases (n = 5 dogs), the inciting cause in all cases was residual compression from disc material at the site of the initial surgery. In the late reoperation group, 22 of 25 (88%) cases had a second disc herniation at a site distinct from the initial lesion. Dachshunds had a significantly higher risk for late reoperation (odds ratio and 95% CI = 3.67, 1.46 to 10.03); other small and medium-sized breeds (<20 kg) were underrepresented. Age and body weight were not significant predictors for reoperation. A total of 21 of 23 (91%) dogs had functional recovery after late reoperation. Complete sensorimotor loss was a significant negative predictor of functional recovery in the late reoperative cases (P = .01). Likelihood of functional recovery in dogs after their second decompressive surgery was identical to the functional recovery of dogs in the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results show that a second disc herniation occurring at a site distinct from the initial lesion is the most common cause for reoperation and that Dachshunds have a significantly greater risk than other breeds.  相似文献   

13.
Two young Miniature Dachshunds were presented with abnormal gait. Magnetic resonance imaging showed, hydrocephalus with expanding fourth ventricle, and syringohydromyelia in the cervical spinal cord. These dogs underwent ventricle-peritoneal shunting, after which hydrocephalus, syringohydromyelia, and their clinical signs, improved.  相似文献   

14.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical findings and the age of onset of cone-rod dystrophy (crd) in the Standard Wire-haired Dachshund (SWHD) and to evaluate which clinical tests could be used to obtain a reliable diagnosis. ANIMALS: Sixty-eight SWHD and SWHD-derived dogs were used, including 23 affected with crd and 45 controls, respectively. PROCEDURES: The dogs were subjected to behavioral testing, examination of pupillary light reflexes (PLRs), indirect ophthalmoscopy and bilateral full field electroretinography (ERG). RESULTS: The majority of affected puppies (5-10 weeks) displayed pin-point sized pupils upon examination with focal light. All dogs in the control group, except one, displayed normal PLRs upon examination. In all crd-affected dogs there was a great variation both in age of onset and in clinical appearance of retinal changes upon fundoscopy. Two siblings displayed panretinal degeneration at the age of 10 months while other affected dogs showed early changes at the age of 3 years. Generalized bilateral retinal atrophy was the end stage of the disease. The maze test revealed no obvious differences among affected and unaffected groups. ERG recordings showed only slightly reduced rod, and mixed rod-cone responses, but severely reduced cone single flash a- and b-wave amplitudes, and cone flicker amplitudes were observed in all affected dogs. CONCLUSION: Presence of pin-point sized pupils in young SWHDs was found to be an important indicator of early onset crd. Fundoscopic changes and progression of disease at later stages resembled those previously described in the majority of progressive retinal atrophies in dog. ERG was found to be the most reliable diagnostic procedure to clinically diagnose crd in the SWHD.  相似文献   

15.
Breed risk of pyometra in insured dogs in Sweden   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
An animal insurance database containing data on over 200,000 dogs was used to study the occurrence of pyometra with respect to breed and age during 1995 and 1996 in Swedish bitches <10 years of age. A total of 1,803 females in 1995 and 1,754 females in 1996 had claims submitted because of pyometra. Thirty breeds with at least 800 bitches insured each year were studied using univariate and multivariate methods. The crude 12-month risk of pyometra for females <10 years of age was 2.0% (95% confidence interval = 1.9-2.1%) in 1995 and 1.9% (1.8-2.0%) in 1996. The occurrence of pyometra differed with age, breed, and geographic location. The risk of developing pyometra was increased (identified using multivariate models) in rough Collies, Rottweilers, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Golden Retrievers, Bernese Mountain Dogs, and English Cocker Spaniels compared with baseline (all other breeds, including mixed breed dogs). Breeds with a low risk of developing the disease were Drevers, German Shepherd Dogs, Miniature Dachshunds, Dachshunds (normal size), and Swedish Hounds. Survival rates indicate that on average 23-24% of the bitches in the databases will have experienced pyometra by 10 years of age. In the studied breeds, this proportion ranged between 10 and 54%. Pyometra is a clinically relevant problem in intact bitches, and differences related to breed and age should be taken into account in studies of this disease.  相似文献   

16.

Background

Chronic mitral valve disease is frequently seen in the Dachshund. Dachshunds (n=207) made up 11.73% of the dogs admitted to the Cardiology Service at the Small Animal Clinic, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland (first visits only).

Results

Of these, 35 dogs had no clinically detectable heart disease while 172 had chronic valve disease with the mitral valve affected most often (130 dogs), both mitral and tricuspid valves infrequently (39 dogs) and rarely the tricuspid valve (3 dogs). Males were affected more frequently than females and the average age of dogs with chronic valve disease was 11.9 years for females and 11.3 years for males. A majority of the diseased Dachshunds were classified as ISACHC 2 (79), followed by ISACHC 1 (60). Most frequent clinical signs noted by owners included coughing, exercise intolerance, dyspnea and tachypnea. Heart murmurs were generally louder with increased disease severity; however there were 20 dogs in the ISACHC 1 group with no audible heart murmurs. The most frequent electrocardiographic abnormalities included an increased P wave and QRS complex duration, increased R wave amplitude and tachycardia. With increased disease severity, echocardiography revealed an increase in heart size. A higher ISACHC class was related to increased heart size (based on echocardiography) and increased percentage of patients exhibiting enlargement of both left atrium and left ventricle (based on radiography).

Conclusions

The Dachshund is often affected by chronic mitral valvular disease with a late onset of associated clinical signs and few cardiac complications.  相似文献   

17.
Canine pituitary hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease) caused by neoplasia of the corticotrope cells is one of the most common endocrine diseases especially in smaller dog breeds. Cushing's disease was diagnosed in eleven wire-haired Dachshunds and for further six wire-haired Dachshunds Cushing's disease was suspected on the basis of clinical signs. A joined pedigree could be ascertained for all these 17 dogs. Eleven of these dogs were so closely related to each other, that they were summarized in four nucleus families. Two fullsiblings were examined by means of clinical, laboratory diagnostic and morphological methods. The main lesions consisted of atrophic dermatosis with alopecia, increase of activity of liver enzymes in plasma and bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia and therefore corresponded to the typical signs of a secondary hyperadrenocorticism. A rather unusual finding was the pituitary carcinoma in one of these dogs. Similarly to human patients affected by hyperadrenocorticism, real-time PCR analysis showed a 2.9-fold increase of expression of the canine MDR1 gene in the liver of one affected wirehaired Dachshund. This study documents the first familial occurrence of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in wirehaired Dachshunds, the overexpression of the MDR1 gene in the dog and the third case of familial hyperadrenocorticism in dogs ever described.  相似文献   

18.
Studies on genetic variability in Trypanosoma evansi have been limited by a lack of high-resolution techniques. In this study, we have investigated the use of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and microsatellites in revealing polymorphism among T. evansi isolates. Twelve ISSR primers and five microsatellite loci were used to generate polymorphic bands and alleles, respectively, to investigate the genetic variability among T. evansi isolates from Africa and Asia. Seven of the twelve ISSR primers showed variability between isolates with a total of 71 fragments of which 49(69%) were polymorphic. Microsatellite analysis revealed a total of 60 alleles. On average the ISSR markers revealed a higher genetic diversity (23%) than microsatellites (21.1%). The two techniques showed a strong agreement of r=0.95 for Dice and r=0.91 for Jaccard indices in estimating the genetic distances between isolates. The distance UPGMA tree revealed two major clusters of T. evansi which correlate with the minicircle classification of subtype A and B. The cophenetic correlation coefficient between Dice and Jaccard based matrices were r=0.79 for microsatellites and r=0.73 for ISSR indicating a strong agreement between dendrograms. The results suggest that both ISSR and microsatellites markers are useful in detecting genetic variability within T. evansi.  相似文献   

19.
Understanding the genetic diversity and the relationships among the show Arabian horse populations is a current issue for breeders and professionals. This study aimed to define the relationship among the Desert breed, the Straight Egyptian, and the Polish Arabian populations by considering the historical background of their origin and to verify their genetic diversity. All selected samples were related to Arabian show activities. One hundred forty four hair samples were collected from horses at stud farms having notoriety in the breeding of Arabians from different geographic regions. A set of 17 microsatellites markers for parentage control were used for genotyping. Genetic diversity among and between these populations were evaluated using several statistical methods. All the microsatellites were informative and the marker set analyzed provided 145 alleles. The average number of alleles per locus was 6.52, 6.35, and 7 for the Desert breed, Straight Egyptian, and Polish Arabian, respectively. The high genetic diversity observed within the three populations (0.63-0.71) was associated with a high number of effective alleles. Desert breed and Polish Arabian populations appeared the closest, whereas the Egyptian population was more distant. The significant positive inbreeding coefficient FIS found in Desert breed, Straight Egyptian, and Polish Arabian horses (0.09, 0.14, and 0.11, respectively) confirmed the deficit of heterozygosity observed in these populations. These results suggested that the three populations have high levels of gene flow or share the same origin and have a recent divergence. This study may highlight the risk of the loss of gene diversity in these populations and help to implement appropriate breeding programs to preserve genetic diversity.  相似文献   

20.
微卫星是以几个碱基为重复单位组成的简单串联重复序列,具有丰度高、多态性高、共显性标记、选择中性、可自动检测等优点,作为第二代分子遗传标记,已经在很多领域得到广泛应用。微卫星位点可以提供具高分辨率的遗传信息,这一特点使微卫星适合于个体水平上的研究,可进行个体之间的亲缘关系分析包括亲子鉴定等。本文着重介绍了微卫星在体细胞克隆动物研究中的应用。  相似文献   

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